Effect of row spacing and seed/fertilizer placement on agronomic performance of wheat and canola in zero tillage systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Xie ◽  
D. R. S. Rourke ◽  
A. P. Hargrave
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Narrow Row

Field experiments were carried out in Manitoba to investigate the agronomic response of zero till-grown spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) to different row spacing and seed/fertilizer placement treatments. Wheat yield was very poor at 51-cm row spacing in comparison with those at 25- and 38-cm row spacings. Wheat performance between the row spacings of 25- and 38-cm was generally similar, especially coupled with paired-row seed/fertilizer placement; and canola performance tended to be better at 38-cm row spacing relative to 25-cm row spacing. Among three types of seed/fertilizer placement examined, paired-row placement resulted in the best performance in both wheat and canola, whereas crop response to narrow-row and wide-row seed/fertilizer placement varied with year. Therefore, with intensive crop management in zero tillage (ZT) system under the Manitoba conditions, the best crop performance in wheat and canola could be achieved with paired-row seed/fertilizer placement coupled with 25- to 38-cm row spacings. Key words: Yield, yield component, row spacing, seed/fertilizer placement, zero tillage

scholarly journals Seeding Rate Effects on Hybrid Spring Wheat Yield, Yield Components and Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Joel K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
End Use

Agronomic practices, such as planting date, seeding rate, and genotype, commonly influence hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) production. Determining the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) of newly developed hybrids is needed as they respond to seeding rates differently from inbred cultivars. The objectives of this research were to determine the AOSR of new HRSW hybrids, how seeding rate alters their various yield components, and whether hybrids offer increased end-use quality, compared to conventional cultivars. The performance of two cultivars (inbreds) and five hybrids was evaluated in nine North Dakota environments at five seeding rates in 2019−2020. Responses to seeding rate for yield and protein yield differed among the genotypes. The AOSR ranged from 3.60 to 5.19 million seeds ha−1 and 2.22 to 3.89 million seeds ha−1 for yield and protein yield, respectively. The average AOSR for yield for the hybrids was similar to that of conventional cultivars. However, the maximum protein yield of the hybrids was achieved at 0.50 million seeds ha−1 less than that of the cultivars tested. The yield component that explained the greatest proportion of differences in yield as seeding rates varied was kernels spike−1 (r = 0.17 to 0.43). The end-use quality of the hybrids tested was not superior to that of the conventional cultivars, indicating that yield will likely be the determinant of the economic feasibility of any future released hybrids.

Seeding Date, Seeding Rate, and Row Spacing Affect Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Cheat (Bromus secalinus)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
John B. Solie ◽  
Stanley G. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to determine the effects of winter wheat seeding date and cheat infestation level on cultural cheat control obtained by increasing winter wheat seeding rates and decreasing row spacing. Seeding rate and row spacing interactions influenced cheat density, biomass, or seed in harvested wheat (dockage) at two of three locations. Suppressive effects on cheat of increasing wheat seeding rates and reduced row spacings were greater in wheat seeded in September than later. At two other locations, increasing seeding rate from 67 to 101 kg ha–1or reducing row spacings from 22.5 to 15 cm increased winter wheat yield over a range of cheat infestation levels.

EFFECTS OF SEEDING RATE AND ROW SPACING ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GLENLEA, PITIC 62 AND NEEPAWA WHEATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. BRIGGS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Plot Design

Three cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.), Glenlea, Pitic 62 and Neepawa, were grown in a seeding rate and row spacing experiment at two locations in 1972 and 1973. In a split-plot design, row spacings of 15, 23 and 30 cm were used as main plots, and subplot seeding rates of 33.6, 67.3 and 100.9 kg/ha were applied for each cultivar. Data were collected on yield, days to maturity, plant height, lodging, kernel weight and test weight. The few significant effects of row spacing indicated that narrow row spacings tend to increase yield and decrease days to maturity. Higher seeding rates per unit area generally resulted in higher yields for all cultivars and, to some extent, earlier maturity. Glenlea wheat seeded at 100.9 kg/ha gave the highest yield in all tests, and at this seeding rate took an average 125 days to reach maturity, compared to 120 days for Neepawa and 129 days for Pitic 62. Seeding rate had virtually no effect on height, kernel weight or test weight of any of the wheats.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRAIN SORGHUM CULTIVATED IN DOUBLE ROWS SPACE ON BRAZILIAN CERRADO

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-432
Author(s):  
EDUARDO LIMA DO CARMO ◽  
JOÃO VITOR ALVES DE SOUSA ◽  
CAMILA JORGE BERNABÉ FERREIRA ◽  
GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
GUSTAVO ANDRÉ SIMON
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Double Row

ABSTRACT The spatial arrangement of plants in the cultivation area is a factor that directly influences grain yield, since the best arrangement can result in the greater use of water, light and nutrients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of sorghum sown in double row spacing in the Brazilian Cerrado. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted in the 2018 and 2019 seasons in a complete block design with a factorial scheme of 2 x 5. There were four replications, using two row spacing: traditional (0.50 m) and double rows (0.25 m/0.75 m) and five plant populations: 120, 180 (recommended), 240, 300 and 360 thousand, plants ha-1. Morphological characteristics, yield components and grain yield were evaluated using joint data analysis for the two years of study. In 2018, due to lower rainfall during the crop season, the use of a double row arrangement presented grain yield lower than traditional spacing. On the other hand, in 2019, the year with the best water distribution, the yield was superior to that of 2018. The increase in plant population per hectare increased the yield of sorghum grains, with gains of up to 24% in relation to the recommended population of 180 thousand plants ha-1, demonstrated that the densification in this crop can be a promising technique as long as its cost/benefit is considered.

Extending the duration of the ear construction phase to increase grain yield of bread wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Botwright Acuña ◽  
Richard Richards ◽  
Debra Partington ◽  
Angela Merry ◽  
Brendan Christy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Diverse Field

We tested the hypothesis that lengthening the duration between the terminal spikelet stage of development and anthesis (referred to here as the construction-phase duration, CPD) will increase yield per unit area in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field experiments were undertaken at 17 sites across the high-rainfall zone of south-eastern and Western Australia in 2014 and 2015. In total, 205 wheat genotypes were grown. Genetic material included a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) varying in photoperiod and vernalisation alleles; commercial wheat cultivars and breeding lines; and lines selected from the Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter Cross population. As such, this is the only comprehensive dataset in which the effect of variation in CPD on grain yield in field plots has been evaluated in diverse field environments. Within an optimum anthesis window of 10 days, longer CPD significantly increased grain yield by >11% at two sites and tended to increase grain yield at another 11 sites (not statistically significant). The average yield increase across these sites was 5.5%. There was no consistent trend whereby a specific yield component was responsible for the increase across sites. We suggest that CPD can be extended by genetic selection and by sacrificing some of the vegetative period without any detriment to grain yield. We also found that CPD is increased by extending the duration from sowing to flowering through earlier sowing, which may be associated with increased yields in some environments. We conclude that, for the same anthesis date, a longer CPD may be beneficial in moderately favourable rainfed environments with a relatively even distribution of rainfall. We explore the basis of these relationships and implications for growers and plant breeders.

Narrow row cotton in the Namoi valley. 2. Plant population and row spacing

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (84) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Constable
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Commercial Cultivar ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Narrow Row

Field experiments in three seasons examined the effects of plant population and row spacing on the yield of two cotton cultivars. For the early maturing cultivar, Riverina Poplar, 36 cm rows yielded 18 per cent more than 100 cm rows with no additional benefit being obtained from 18 cm rows. The medium maturing commercial cultivar, Deltapine 16, had the same average yield at all row spacings. The effect of plant population on yield was significant in all row spacings, with populations above 40 plants m-2 in 18 cm rows, above 30 plants m-2 in 36 cm rows, and above 13 plants m-2 in 100 cm rows yielding less. In all experiments, narrow rows and high plant populations had smaller bolls, more barren plants and smaller plants than wide rows and low plant populations. At low yield levels, Riverina Poplar in narrow rows was superior to wide rows and to Deltapine 16 in any row spacing. At high yield levels, Deltapine 16 was superior, particularly in wide rows

Managing yield reductions from wide row spacing in wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amjad ◽  
W. K. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Spacing Effects ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Wide Row Spacing ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Narrow Row

Experiments were conducted to investigate row spacing effects on wheat yield and grain quality and the interactions between row spacing and cultivars, plant population density, nitrogen application rate, time of sowing, fertiliser placement and row spread from 2000 to 2002 in the south coast region of Western Australia. In the experiments that were conducted following pasture or lupins, wider row spacings of 240 and 360 mm consistently reduced wheat yield and increased grain protein and small grain screenings compared with a narrow row spacing of 180 mm. Average plant numbers were reduced in the wider rows in all experiments. This result, possibly related to increased competition for water as the seeds were placed closer together in the wide rows, may also have been related to reductions in wheat grain yield. The yield decline in wider rows was lowest for the long season cultivar Camm with a May sowing in 1 experiment and at the higher N rate in another experiment. The response of Camm at wider row spacings can be partially explained by its higher dry matter production as measured in 2000 and may also help to explain the observed advantage of Camm in suppressing weed growth at all row spacings. In 2002, the row spread (seed width within the row) was varied from normal 25 mm widths to 50 and 75 mm widths. Yield was increased at the widest row spacing (360 mm) by using the wider row spreads of 50 or 75 mm. Fertiliser placement methods significantly affected plant establishment but not grain yield. Grain quality (protein percentage, small grain screenings and hectolitre weight) was reduced in wider rows in some cases or unaffected in others. This research has demonstrated that yield reductions due to wide row spacing can be minimised by using a long season cultivar when sown in May, by using adequate N fertiliser and by increasing the spread of seed across the row.

Sulphur fertilizer and tillage management of canola and wheat in western Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Grant ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
G. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Sulphur Fertilizer ◽  
Conventional Ct

A 3-yr field study in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta evaluated immediate and residual effects of source, timing and placement of sulphur fertilizers on canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) under conventional (CT) and reduced tillage (RT). Sulphur fertilization did not increase wheat yield, even when soil sulphate was low. Ammonium sulphate (AS) and ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) increased canola yield in 2 of 3 yr at the Saskatchewan site while elemental S and Tiger 90™ did not. Residual S from AS and ATS increased canola yield on S-deficient soils in the second and third crops after application. Canola yield on the S-deficient soil was lower where broadcast Tiger 90 rather than AS or ATS was applied the previous year, indicating that broadcast Tiger 90 oxidation was insufficient to support canola yield in the second crop year after application. Banding or seed-placing Tiger 90 delayed oxidation further. In the third crop after application, canola yield was similar with broadcast Tiger 90, AS or ATS but was lower with seed-placed or banded Tiger 90 than AS or broadcast Tiger 90. Small particle size and broadcast application of elemental S are needed to hasten oxidation of S to sulphate-S. Key words: Elemental S, Bentonite S, zero tillage, reduced tillage

Effects of row spacing, seeding rate and seed-placed phosphorus on root diseases of spring wheat and barley under zero tillage

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bailey ◽  
Guy P. Lafond ◽  
Daryl Domitruk
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Take All

Changes in tillage and other agronomic practices have shown benefits of increased grain yield for many crops, but these changes may alter the micro-environment resulting in changes to populations of disease-causing agents and other micro-organisms. This study examined the effects of row spacing (10, 20, 30 cm), seeding rate (54, 108, 161 kg ha−1 for barley; 67, 134, 202 kg ha−1 for spring wheat) and seed-placed phosphorus (0, 8, 16 kg ha−1) on root diseases in spring wheat and barley using a zero-tillage production system in four environments. Root rot severity was assessed by visual ratings and the causal agents were identified. Analyses of variance indicated significant differences in root rot severity and the incidence of some causal agents for the main treatment effects (i.e. row spacing, seeding rate, seed-placed phosphorus) and no significant interactions between locations, years, and cultural practices. Contrasts of treatment means showed that higher rates of seeding decreased root rot severity and the incidence of Fusarium in wheat but these effects were small (less than 6%). The higher rates of monoammonium phosphate fertilizer reduced root rot severity in barley by 7% and the incidence of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in wheat by greater than 40%. Wider row spacings showed a small reduction of 6% in root rot severity in wheat but mostly had no effect on root diseases. Wheat yields were negatively associated with root rot severity in three of four environments. Fertility, root rot severity, and seeding rate had the greatest impact on wheat yield. Root diseases did not affect barley yields. Therefore, the use of wider row spacings and higher seeding rates with zero tillage practices will not lead to adverse effects on root diseases in wheat and barley. Phosphorus fertilizer should be used to reduce losses resulting from take-all disease in wheat. Key words: Zero tillage, cultural practices, common root rot, take-all, cereals

Narrow row cotton in the Namoi valley. 1. Growth, yield and quality of four cultivars

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (84) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Constable
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Crop Maturity

Field experiments were done in three successive seasons to determine the effects of cultivar and row spacing on growth, yield and quality of cotton. Narrow rows had a higher early season LAI than wide rows, but differences in LAI between row spacings disappeared by the peak flowering stage. Hopicala and Deltapine 16 had a higher LAI than Riverina Poplar and Super Okra M8. Narrow rows produced 28 per cent more fruiting points than wide rows, but this was not reflected as a consistent increase in yield, as fruit shedding was greater and boll size was smaller in narrow rows than in wide rows. Narrow rows yielded 44 per cent more than wide rows in 1972-73 but 7 per cent less in 1973-74 and 1 per cent less in 1974-75. Earlier crop maturity was obtained with narrow rows in all cultivars in 1974-75 and Hopicala only in 1972-73. Deltapine 16 and Super Okra M8 had the highest average yield at both row spacings, with Super Okra M8 having the highest yield at the first pick. No fibre properties were consistently affected by row spacing. Cultivar differences were as expected with the early maturing cultivar Riverina Poplar having the shortest fibres and the later maturing cultivar Hopicala having the greatest fibre strength.

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