Évaluation de la tolérance de Betula pendula et de Betula nigra aux conditions climatiques du nord-est canadien

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-451
Author(s):  
C. Richer-Leclerc ◽  
J. A. Rioux ◽  
S. Végiard ◽  
J. Côté ◽  
L. Guillemette
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Damage Growth ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Potential Evaluation

A 5-yr study was conducted to evaluate the winter hardiness and growth potential of seedlings of Betulapendula and Betulanigra in order to provide adequate recommendations regarding their adaptation to different climatic conditions. Plants were grown at nine sites of the Réseau d'Essais des Plantes Ligneuses Ornementales du Québec. Betulapendula and B. nigra were not severely affected by winter conditions at any sites and could be used in zones 2 and 2a, respectively. Although, B. pendula could be successfully grown in all tested area, B. nigra could be better produced in zone 5. Key words: Betulapendula, Betulanigra, birch, hardiness, winter damage, growth potential, evaluation

Potentiel d’adaptation et de croissance d’arbustes ornementaux à fleurs évalués sous les conditions climatiques du Québec et du nord-est ontarien

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1137-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Richer-Leclerc ◽  
J. Côté ◽  
J. A. Rioux ◽  
M. F. Beaudoin ◽  
D. Lapointe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Biogeographic Regions

Seven flowering cultivars of deciduous shrubs were evaluated for their winter hardiness and their growth potential to provide adequate recommendations regarding their adaptation to different climatic conditions. Plants were grown at eight sites in Québec and one in northeastern Ontario in order to cover three broad biogeographic regions. Hydrangea paniculata ’Grandiflora’, Kerria japonica (L.) DC., Potentilla fruticosa ’Goldfinger’, Prunus × cistena N.E. Hansen, Prunus tomentosa Thunb., Viburnum opulus ’Compactum’ and Weigela hybrida ’Brystol Ruby’ were used. Potentilla and Viburnum were not affected by winter conditions at any of the sites, whereas Hydrangea, Kerria and Weigela did not survive at Kapuskasing. Our results indicated that Weigela was adapted to zone 5b only, whereas Kerria should not be recommended in any zone tested. Although the other species were adapted throughout Quebec, their production was superior in the Montreal region. Annual pruning of Kerria and Weigela was related exclusively to winter damage. For the other species, pruning is related to winter, rodent and mechanical damage. Key words: Winter hardiness, growth potential, winter damage

Évaluation de la rusticité et de la croissance d'arbustes ornementaux à feuillage caduc

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-622
Author(s):  
C. Richer-Leclerc ◽  
J. Côté ◽  
J. A. Rioux ◽  
D. Lapointe ◽  
L. Guillemette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Cornus Alba ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Salix Purpurea ◽  
Physocarpus Opulifolius ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs

The winter hardiness and growth potential of 10 cultivars of deciduous shrubs were evaluated to determine their adaptability to climatic conditions. Plants were grown at eight sites in Quebec and at one site in northeastern Ontario (zones 2, 4 and 5). Cornus alba 'Argenteo-Marginata' and 'Sibirica', Lonicera korolkowii var. Zabelli, Lonicera korolkowii var. morrowii, Lonicera × xylosteoides 'Clavey's Dwarf', Physocarpus opulifolius, Physocarpus opulifolius 'Aureus' and 'Nanus', Salix purpurea 'Nana' and Salix elaeagnos were used. Cornus alba 'Sibirica' and L. × xylosteoides 'Clavey's Dwarf' were not affected by winter conditions at any of the sites, whereas L. korolkowii var. Zabelli and L. morrowii were severely affected, particularly in zone 2. Our results indicated that S. purpurea 'Nana' was more frost resistant than S. elaeagnos. The two cultivars of Physocarpus were slightly less winter hardy than the species. None of the 10 species could be grown commercially in zone 2a. Growth of S. purpurea 'Nana', S. elaeagnos and P. opulifolius 'Aureus' was limited in zones 4b and 5. The hardiness zones of the 10 species were made more precise, established or modified. Key words: Hardiness, growth potential, winter damage, shrubs, hedges

scholarly journals Towards Silviculture Guidelines to Produce Large-Sized Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth) Logs in Western Europe

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Héloïse Dubois ◽  
Hugues Claessens ◽  
Gauthier Ligot
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Timber Tree ◽  
Northeastern France

Forest health problems arising from climate change, pests and pathogens are a threat to the main timber tree species. As a result, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) has become a precious asset for meeting oncoming forestry challenges in western Europe. However, silviculture guidelines to produce high-value birch logs in this region are lacking. Producing large-sized birch trunks requires crown release, i.e., removing crown competitors around selected target trees. These interventions are currently seldom carried out or else too late when the growth potential of the trees has already diminished. This study set out to ascertain the diameter at breast height (dbh) that could be reached by crown-released birch, determine dbh-associated crown diameters, and further characterize the gain obtained from early crown release on birch dbh growth. We measured 704 birch trees that had undergone crown release in 38 naturally regenerated pure birch stands in southern Belgium and in northeastern France. We then evaluated the variation in stem and crown diameter, and analyzed increments in response to the earliness of the interventions in three subsamples, also compared with control target birch. We found that trees with a dbh of 50 cm could be grown within 60 years. Based on crown diameter, to produce 40, 50 and 60 cm dbh trunk, the distance required between target birch trees at the end of the rotation was around 8, 10 and 12 m. With no intervention and in ordinary dense birch regenerations, the dbh increment was found to decline once the stand reached age 4–7 years. Starting crown release in stands aged 4–5 years can double the dbh increment of target trees and provide a continual gain that may last up to 20 years. When birch crowns are released after 9–12 years, it may already be too late for them to recover their best growth rate. Our contribution should help complete emerging guidelines in support of birch silviculture development.

A bioclimatic index of human survival times in the Antarctic

Polar Record ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (147) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. de Freitas ◽  
L. V. Symon
Keyword(s):  
Core Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Normal Core ◽  
Bioclimatic Index ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractAn index of human ‘survival time outdoors in extreme cold’ (STOEC) has been developed, using body-atmosphere energy budget modelling procedures. The index, which is applicable in places like Antarctica where only limited climatological data are available, is based on the calculated rate of fall of core temperature from 37°C to 27°C of a standard inactive healthy subject in full polar clothing.Applied to data from 12 Antarctic stations it indicates relative severity of their mean and extreme climatic conditions. The severest winter conditions become lifethreatening after only about 20 minutes. At most stations in winter, exposure outdoors for more than two hours would be dangerous. Conditions at all coastal stations in summer are mildenough to allow a normal core temperature to be maintained. The index has many applications, for example estimating likely survival times of immobilized accident victims and guidelines for duration of work periods outside.

scholarly journals Some Medicinal Plants among the Tribes of Chhatarpur District (M.P.) India

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Arjariya ◽  
Kalpana Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Health System ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Central India ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Growth Of A Variety ◽  
Herb Species

The Chhatarpur District in central India is home to numerous herb species. The agro-climatic conditions prevailing in the region provide an ideal habitat for the natural growth of a variety of plants and herbs, which provide raw materials for pharmaceutical, phytochemical, food, flavoring and cosmetic industries. The paper provides information on 58 medicinal plants used by the Gond, Bhil and Bediya tribes of Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh, India, for the treatment of various diseases. Traditional medicine remains an integral part of the health system in this area. Medicinal plants of forest origin hold great promise to enhance the health and livelihoods of the forest dwellers. Key words: Ethno medicinal, tribes, medicinal plants, traditional uses, diseases. DOI: 10.3126/eco.v16i0.3472ECOPRINT 16: 43-50, 2009

Évaluation de la tolérance du Thuja occidentalis L. et de huit de ses cultivars aux conditions climatiques du nord-est canadien

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rioux ◽  
P. Marquis ◽  
C. Richer ◽  
M. P. Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis

Six successive plantations of Thuja occidentalis L. (from 1985 to 1990) were transplanted in different sites corresponding to different northeast Canadian climatic zones (2 to 5). Five cultivars of this species were planted in 1985 and three other cultivars in 1986. These plants were observed over a 5-yr period to validate the climatic zonal range attributed to the species and to determine the winterhardiness of the cultivars. Winter damage observed each spring indicated that Thuja occidentalis L. can survive in climatic conditions more severe than those suggested in the literature. However, survival varies among the cultivars studied. Woodwardii, Reidii, Wareana and Lutea showed a winterhardiness similar to the species. Pulcherrima showed the most damage. Little Champion, Smaragd and Fastigiata cultivars gave a response between the two other groups. Furthermore, growth in terms of height and width of the species and each cultivar was influenced by the different climatic conditions of each location. Key words: Thuja occidentalis L., hardiness, winter damages, growth, origin, cultivars

scholarly journals Winter Conditions Correlate with Phytophthora alni Subspecies Distribution in Southern Sweden

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1191-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Redondo ◽  
Johanna Boberg ◽  
Christer H. B. Olsson ◽  
Jonàs Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Forest Pathogen ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Major River ◽  
Highly Correlated

During the last century, the number of forest pathogen invasions has increased substantially. Environmental variables can play a crucial role in determining the establishment of invasive species. The objective of the present work was to determine the correlation between winter climatic conditions and distribution of two subspecies of the invasive forest pathogen Phytophthora alni: P. alni subspp. alni and uniformis killing black alder (Alnus glutinosa) in southern Sweden. It is known from laboratory experiments that P. alni subsp. alni is more pathogenic than P. alni subsp. uniformis, and that P. alni subsp. alni is sensitive to low temperatures and long frost periods. By studying the distribution of these two subspecies at the northern limit of the host species, we could investigate whether winter conditions can affect the geographical distribution of P. alni subsp. alni spreading northward. Sixteen major river systems of southern Sweden were systematically surveyed and isolations were performed from active cankers. The distribution of the two studied subspecies was highly correlated with winter temperature and duration of periods with heavy frost. While P. alni subsp. uniformis covered the whole range of temperatures of the host, P. alni subsp. alni was recovered in areas subjected to milder winter temperatures and shorter frost periods. Our observations suggest that winter conditions can play an important role in limiting P. alni subsp. alni establishment in cold locations, thus affecting the distribution of the different subspecies of P. alni in boreal regions.

scholarly journals Features and properties of tangerine hybrids derived from distant hybridization (Citrus var. unshiu×Poncirus trifoliata)

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
R. V. Kulyan
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Late Maturity

Among citrus crops in the subtropical zone of the of the Russian Federation Black Sea coast of Krasnodar Territory, only tangerines can be grown (Citrus reticulata Blanco var. unshiu Tan.). The expansion of planting is hindered by poor winter hardiness, that’s why breeders are faced with a task of creating new forms of mandarin that are maximally adapted to the extreme climatic conditions of the region. By using of a distant hybridisation it is possible to create such forms. Purposeful distant hybridization allows transferring the properties of one genus to another, which is leading to phenotypic and genotypic changes in hybrid generation. The article emphasizes the importance of distant hybridization. For the period 1995-2019, distant, recurrent and inter-hybrid hybridizations were carried out to create a new hybrid fund. The results of 19 combinations of crossing by using Poncirus trifoliata Raf., and hybrids which were obtained with the participation of this genus, as well as hybrid species: C.×insitorum, C.×citrangeqwa and the genus Fortunella Sw. Expanded forms were selected for further breeding with an early term of fruit ripening (I decade of October): YuМR-97; YuКR-22; ККR-27; ККR-22; МRКR-97-25; МRКR-97-25-1; КRМR-25-97, with later ripening (II decade of October: КVI-1, КVI-3, YuI-12 received with C. insitorum. Also with late maturity hybrids were revealed: КРF-25; КРF-22; МРF-97; TsКR-25; YuTs-8 with the immixture of Fortunella margarita and C. citrangeqwat. From recurrent and inter-hybrid hybridization were marked out promising forms of mandarin with positive features such as early ripening, average fruit mass and a high tasting assessment. The greatest breeding value is represented by hybrids derived with the immixture of the most frost-resistant ccongeners of the citrus Poncirus trifoliata, however, from 5.0 % to 6.25 % of promising samples were selected in these families. All forms have breeding value for further work on creating winter hardiness varieties of mandarin.

Determination of the growth potential of strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) by morphological and nucleotide measurements in relation to chilling

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Robert ◽  
Gilles Pétel ◽  
Georgette Risser ◽  
Michel Gendraud
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Before And After

Early strawberry fruit production requires that non-dormant strawberry plants be covered during winter. Two methods were used to study the breaking of dormancy of Elsanta strawberry plants following chilling at temperatures below 8 °C. First, a morphological test using the petiole lengths of plants transferred from a nursery to a growth chamber was used. Second, the nucleotide contents before and after incubation of samples in an adenosine solution were measured by bioluminescence. The results show that these two methods can reveal changes in the growth potential of strawberry plants, and, therefore, the release from dormancy. Key words: Dormancy, strawberry plant, nucleotide, growth potential, Fragaria

scholarly journals The climatic conditions of the drainage and surface water regime Upper Siret river basin

2013 ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
P. Sukhyj ◽  
I. Berezka
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Key Words ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Basin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hydrographic Network

A study of climate Siret River Basin within the Chernivtsi region. Designated hydrographic and hydrometric characteristics of rivers. The relationship between climatic conditions and the hydrographic network and the regime of surface water basin of the Upper Siret. Key words: river basin; climate; surface water; hydrological regime.

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