The effect of hull removal and pearling on Fusarium species and trichothecenes in hulless barley

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Clear ◽  
S. K. Patrick ◽  
T. Nowicki ◽  
D. Gaba ◽  
M. Edney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Fusarium Poae

Fourteen samples consisting of three cultivars of hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), grown commercially in southern Manitoba in 1994, were examined for levels of Fusarium species and seven fusarium trichothecene mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON), diacetoxyscirpenol, 15-acetyldeoxyni-valenol (15ADON), fusarenone-X, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol and T-2 toxin. Four fractions from each sample were analysed. These consisted of kernels with the hulls still attached, kernels whose hulls had been removed at harvest, kernels that had been dehulled in the laboratory using a deawner, and kernels that had been pearled in the laboratory to 60% of their original weight. A composite sample of the hulls, obtained from the laboratory dehulling, was also tested. Mycotoxins were determined by gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry. DON and 15ADON were the only trichothecenes detected in this study. The greatest numbers of propagules of Fusarium spp. and the highest concentrations of DON and 15ADON were found in the hulls. The average concentrations of F. graminearum Schwabe and DON in barley were reduced: 90 and 49%, respectively, as a consequence of laboratory dehulling; 95 and 59%, respectively, as a result of dehulling during harvest; and 99 and 86%, respectively, as a result of pearling. Results suggest that growing hulless cultivars shows promise for management of mycotoxin problems associated with FHB. Key words: Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium avenaceum, deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarium head blight

Mycotoxins in barley and oat samples from eastern Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Campbell ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
B. Vigier ◽  
L. Underhill
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Canadian Food Inspection Agency

In Eastern Canada Fusarium species infect barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) more frequently than wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), yet information on mycotoxin contamination in barley and oats is lacking. Such information is essential to determine the need for control of fusarium head blight in barley and oats. Therefore, data were retrieved from the Mycotoxin Databank of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to study mycotoxin contamination in Eastern Canada's barley and oats. Of the 116 barley samples collected from 1991 to 1998 crops, 84 (72%) were contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON). Some samples contained up to 8–9 mg kg−1 of DON. DON contamination was particularly severe in recent years (1996, 1997, and 1998). DON contamination was less frequent and less severe in oats in comparison with barley. Only 34 of the 73 oat samples (47%) contained DON. Thirty-four percent of the barley samples (18/53) and 15% of the oat samples (4/26) contained nivalenol. Zearalenone, ochratoxin A, 3-acetyl DON, 15- acetyl DON, and T-2 were also detected at a low frequency; but HT-2, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), fusarenon X, 15-acetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol were not detected in these samples. The results suggest that breeding barley for resistance to DON accumulation is warranted in Eastern Canada. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, oat, Avena sativa, mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol

scholarly journals Correlation of saponarin content with biosynthesis-related gene expression in hulled and hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
HanGyeol Lee ◽  
Jae-Hyeok Park ◽  
A Mi Yoon ◽  
Young-Cheon Kim ◽  
Chul Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Hulless Barley

Comparative proteomic analysis of hulless barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) differing distinctly in β-glucan content

LWT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 110085
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Wenhua Xue ◽  
Xingquan Zeng ◽  
Qijun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Comparative Proteomic Analysis

Use of solid phase microextraction coupled to capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for screening Fusarium spp. based on their volatile sesquiterpenes

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Girotti ◽  
I. Malbrán ◽  
G. Lori ◽  
M. Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Pampa Region ◽  
Blight Disease

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and mass spectrometry (MS) was used to evaluate the use of fungal volatiles to discriminate Fusarium species from wheat cultivars in the Argentina pampa region. Monosporic fungal isolates were grown on rice in sealed containers for 1 week and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were sampled for 30 min from the head space by SPME and analysed by CGC and CGCMS. VOC profiles of Fusarium species F. graminearum, F. poae, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides and F. oxysporum were discriminated by comparison of their profiles in the elution zone corresponding to sesquiterpenes. Trichothecene-producer and non-trichothecene producer Fusarium species were separated by the presence of trichodiene in their VOC fingerprints. Within trichothecene-producers, F. graminearum, F. poae and F. equiseti differed on the structure of their volatile sesquiterpenes. This technique might be also helpful to detect F. graminearum, the major head blight disease-producing fungus in the region.

Trichothecene and Moniliformin Production by Fusarium Species from Western Canadian Wheat†

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1220-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ABRAMSON ◽  
R. M. CLEAR ◽  
D. GABA ◽  
D. M. SMITH ◽  
S. K. PATRICK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Western Canada

Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium avenaceum, isolated from Fusarium-damaged wheat harvested in western Canada, were cultured and evaluated for mycotoxin production. Extracts of the culture media were assayed for trichothecenes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and for moniliformin by liquid chromatography. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was found in 28 of 42 isolates of F. graminearum and 42 of 42 isolates of F. culmorum at levels ranging from 0.5 to 25.0 μg/g. 15-AcetylDON was found in 28 of 42 isolates of F. graminearum at levels ranging from 1.0 to 7.1 μg/g. 3-AcetylDON was found in 41 of 42 isolates of F. culmorum at levels ranging from 0.8 to 13.0 μg/g. Several other trichothecenes were assayed but not detected in the culture medium. Moniliformin was present in 40 of 42 isolates of F. avenaceum at levels ranging from 1.3 to 138.1 μg/g, but was not present in any of the isolates of F. graminearum or F. culmorum.

AC Metcalfe barley

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Legge ◽  
D. R. Metcalfe ◽  
S. Haber ◽  
D. E. Harder ◽  
J. S. Noll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Moderate Resistance

AC Metcalfe is a two-row spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar widely adapted to western Canada with high yield, good agronomic traits, moderate disease resistance and excellent malting quality. Of note are its good resistance to loose smut and moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight. Key words: Malting barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar description, yield, disease resistance, malting quality

scholarly journals Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1610-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-xiang Zhang ◽  
Hai-yan Sun ◽  
Cheng-mei Shen ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Han-shou Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Asiaticum ◽  
Predominant Pathogen

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

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