Effects of day-night temperature combinations under constant day length on emergence and early growth of sericea lespedeza genotypes

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
K. L. Kalburtji ◽  
J. A. Mosjidis ◽  
A. P. Mamolos
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Minimum ◽  
Number Of Branches

Establishment of sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont de Courset) G. Don.] in southeastern USA is difficult. Seedling emergence may be related to the range of temperatures prevalent during establishment. A growth chamber study was undertaken to measure the effect of temperature on seedling emergence of 56 sericea lespedeza genotypes. Main treatments were: (1) plants grown at three day-night temperature combinations with maximum/minimum temperature difference of 14°C. The temperature combinations were 22/8°C, 27/13°C, and 32/18°C; (2) plants grown at three day-night temperature combinations with maximum/minimum temperature difference of 7°C. This was accomplished by lowering the day temperature and keeping the night temperature the same as above. Emergence was reduced by about 27% with reduction of 7°C in day-night temperature within the range of temperatures used. Plant height, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight and number of branches were very sensitive to temperature combinations. Increases in temperature caused increases in height, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight and number of branches of all genotypes. Further screening of sericea for emergence and growth under low temperature may lead to cultivars with more vigorous seedlings that can be better established early in the season. Key words: Plant growth, temperatures, seedling emergence, Sericea, southern USA

scholarly journals RESPON DAUN UNGU (Graptophyllumpictum L.) TERHADAP CEKAMAN AIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
IRENG DARWATI ◽  
ROSITA S.M. D. ◽  
. HERNANI
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

<p>Daun ungu atau handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum I.) merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil bahan baku obat Daunnya dapal digunakan untuk mengobati wasir, batu empedu. dan penyakit hati Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mcmpelajari pengaruh cekaman air terhadap produksi dan mutu daun handeuleum. Percobaan pot (polybag) dilakukan di rumah plastik Balai Penelitian lanaman Rempah dan Obat. Bogor mulai bulan September 1997 sampai dengan Februari 1998. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan tcrdiri atas 4 taraf cekaman air, yaitu : 1) 40% kapasitas lapang (KL), 2) 60% KL, 3) 80% KL dan 4) 100% KL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas daun, jumlah cabang, bera( kering akar, berat kering ba(ang dan berat kering daun pada 60% KL dan 80% KL paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya Untuk mutu daun yang dihasilkan, dari semua perlakuan memenuhi persyaratan yang dilctapkan dalam Malcria Medika Indonesia.</p><p>Kata kunci : Graptophyllum pictum L. cekaman air, produksi, mutu</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Effect of water stress on Graptophyllum pictum L.</strong></p><p>Graptophyllum pictum is one of the raw materials lor medicinal The leaf can be used for hemorrhoids, bladder and liver, The objectives of the experiment was to study the efect of drought stress on production and quality of leaves. Pot experiment was carried oul in green house of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC). Bogor in September 1997 to February 1998. A randomized block design was used with six replicates. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of ield capacities 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The result of experiment showed mat leaf area, number of branches, root dry weight, branches dry weight and leaf dry weight on 60% and 80% of ield capacity were the highest compared with odier treatments. The quality of all treatments arc fulfilled in requirement of Indonesia Materia Mcdica.</p><p>Key words : Graptophyllum pictum L, water stress, production, quality</p>

scholarly journals EFEK SUBSITUSI PUPUK UREA DENGAN PUPUK BIO SLURRY TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS RUMPUT BENGGALA (Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume)

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Witariadi N. M. ◽  
N. N. C. Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

This experiment to determine the effect of substitution of urea fertilizer with bio slurry fertilizer on productivity of Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume grass. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for 3 months. The design was used completely randomized design (CRD), with seven treatments and each treatment repeated five times. The treatment was dosage of 200 urea kg/ha (A); 150 kg urea/ha + 10 tons cow bio slurry /ha (B); 100 kg urea/ha + 20 tons cow bio slurry/ha (C); 50 kg urea/ha + 30 tons cow bio slurry/ha (D); 150 kg urea/ha + 10 tons pig bio slurry/ha (E); 100 kg urea/ha + 20 tons pig bio slurry/ha (F); 50 kg urea/ha + 30 tons pig bio slurry/ha (G). Variables observed were plant height, number of tillers, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total forage dry weight, leaf area per pot, and leaf dry weight ratio with stem dry weight. The results showed that the effectiveness of urea fertilizer substitution with pig bio slurry gave the best growth and production of grass Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume, where treatment (G) with substitution of 50 kg urea/ha + 30 tons pig bio slurry/ha gave the highest yield. It can be concluded increasng of growth and production of grass Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume can be substituted with 50 kg urea/ha + 30 tons pig bio slurry/ha. Keywords: substitution, urea, bio slurry, productivity, Panicum maximum

scholarly journals Initial Growth of Seedlings of Flame Azalea in Response to Day/Night Temperature

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asiah A. Malek ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
James E. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Seedlings of flame azalea [Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr] were grown for 12 weeks under long-day conditions with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C for 9 hours in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C for 15 hours. Total plant dry weight, top dry weight, leaf area, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were influenced by day and night temperatures and their interactions. Dry matter production was lowest with nights at 14C. Root, leaf, top, and total dry weights were maximized with days at 26C in combination with nights at 18 to 26C. Stem dry weight was maximized with days at 26 to 30C and nights at 22C. Leaf area was largest with days at 18 and 26C in combination with nights at 18 or 26C. Within the optimal, day/night temperature range of 26 C/18-26C for total plant dry weight, there was no evidence that alternating temperatures enhanced growth. Shoot: root ratios (top dry weight: root dry weight) were highest with days at 18 and 30C. Leaf area ratio (total leaf area: total plant dry weight) was highest and specific leaf area (total leaf area: leaf dry weight) was largest when days and nights were at 18C and were lower at higher temperatures. Regardless of day/night temperature, leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) was higher than either the stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) or root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight). Net leaf photosynthetic rate increased with day temperatures up to 30C.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI LEGUMINOSA PADA PEMOTONGAN KEDUA YANG DIPUPUK DENGAN BIO SLURRY

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Witariadi N.M. ◽  
Candraasih K.
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Legume Plant ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

This study aims at determine the growth and production of legume on the second regrowth fertilized with bio slurry. The study was conducted by using a completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. Legume plants are Centrocema pubescens and Clitoria ternatea are the first factor, and the second factor are dosage of bioslurry fertilizer: 10 tons / ha of bio slurry; 20 tons/ha of bio slurry; and 30 tons/ ha of bio slurry. Variables observed were: plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry weight, dry weight of stem, leaf stem ratio, and total dry weight of forage. The results showed that there was interaction between fertilizer dosage and legume plant species on variables: number of branches, number of leaves, leaf dry weight, total dry weight of production, and leaf stem ratio. Interaction shows that the growth and production of forage legumes can be influenced by both bio slurry fertilizer and legume species either jointly or individually. Increasing of bio slurry dosage can increase growth and production of legume. It can be concluded that the best results were obtained on Clitoria ternatea with 30 tons/ha dosage of bio slurry. Keywords: growth, production, leguminous, bio slurry

The effects of temperature and day length on species of Eucalyptus

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Scurfield
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Short Days

Seedlings of Eucalyptus bicostata, E. blakelyi, E. niphophila, E. pauciflora, E. polyanthemos, E. rubida, and E . Stelldata were grown under various defined temperature and day-length regimes and response was assessed in terms of height, dry weights of stems, roots, leaves, and branches, number of leaves and branches, and leaf shape. Seedlings of E. bicostata, E. blakelyi, E. niphophila, E. pauciflora, and E. Rubida were capable of continuous growth under short days (8 hr) provided temperature conditions were appropriate. These species can be allocated, therefore, to Class C of Nitsch (1957). Growth was greater under long days of 18 hr than under short days of 8 hr. Irrespective of the temperature regime operating, the order of dry weight increase over 60 days was: E. bicostata > E. blahelyi > E. polyanthemos > E. niphophila. Growth of E. bicostata, E. blalcelyi, and E. polyanthemos increased as mean temperature levels increased thus: 14/8°C, 19/11°C, 20/17°C, 25/20°C. Further increase to 27/24°C had an adverse effeot upon growth of E. polyanthemos, but not on that of E. bicostata and E. blakelyi. Increasing night temperature from 6°C to 24°C when the day temperature was either 11, 20, 24, or 28°C generally increased height, dry weights of stems, roots, and leaves, and total leaf area of E. blakelyi. Similar effects were produced when day temperatures were increased from 11°C to 2S°C, night temperatures being either 6, 16, 19, or 24°C. Consequently, under short days of winter, the 28/24°C regime was most nearly optimal for growth. Adverse effects on growth appeared to be produced when night temperature exceeded a low day temperature (as under the 11/24°C regime). Average day and night temperature interacted in a statistically significant way upon growth. In E. paucifiora, increasing night temperature from 8°C to 24°C when the average day temperature was either 14, 20, 25, or 27°C, and increasing day temperature from 14°C to 27°C when night temperature was 8, 17, 20, or 24°C increased growth. Thus, the regime 27/24°C approached the optimum for growth, as in E. blakelyi. In E. blakelyi and E. paucifiora, branching was most restricted in plants which were tallest. There were indications that the magnitude of diurnal temperature fluctuations might be important in determining the degree of lateral branching (apical dominance). Leaf size, shape, and number were related to day length and temperature conditions. Leaf shape (as measured by length/breadth ratios) was a function of day and night temperatures, not being significantly related to either alone. Day length appeared to exert a more pronounced effeot upon leaf shape (long days tending to shift shape in the direction juvenile → adult) than temperature. The ratios top/root and leaflstem, especially the latter, were significantly lower in E. blakelyi than in E. pauciflora.

The effects of temperature on the early vegetative growth of Phalaris canariensis L. and P. tuberosa L.

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Scurfield
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis

Seedlings of Phalaris canariensis and P. tuberosa were grown in pots outdoors and under glass-house conditions in experiments at Canberra. Sigmoid curves expressed the increase in total dry weight, dry weight of plant parts, and tiller number for both species grown outdoors for 5 months. Phase 1 — the vegetative phase of growth — ended on about September 18 for P. canariensis and September 12 for P. tuberosa. Subsequent experiments were concerned with the effects of temperature on this growth phase. In experiments lasting for up to 44 days, both species were grown under natural (winter) conditions of light intensity and day length (less than 12 hr) and 16 combinations of day and night temperature. The optimum regime for dry weight production — 24/18–19°C — did not correspond with that optimal for tiller initiation. Highest tiller numbers were obtained when night temperature exceeded day temperature (19/22° or 19/24°), or approached the optimum day temperature (24/22° or 24/24°), or there was a relatively large fluctuation between day and night temperature (28/18°, for example). P. canariensis outyielded P. tuberosa under optimum temperature conditions, but P. tuberosa appeared to be less sensitive to night temperatures of 22–24°. No consistent trends in the effects of day or night temperature on the nitrogen content of tops, leaf length, leaf breadth, or the ratio leaf length/breadth were obtained. Leaf size and shape were, however, influenced by temperature. A comparison of the growth of the Australian commercial P. tuberosa was made with that of strains from Israel and Algeria under six temperature regimes. Under cold and cool conditions, the Algerian strain resembled the Australian strain, both being outyielded by the Israeli strain. Under a regime of 28/23°, however, the Algerian and Israeli strains were adversely affected, the latter more than the former. In nutrient culture solution, a root temperature of 20° approached the optimum for dry weight production and tiller initiation by P. canariensis more nearly than one of either 12° or 27°, ambient temperature being 24/20°. Leaf size was also influenced by root temperature.

Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on Growth and Development of Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Matter Production

Sicklepod was grown in controlled-environment chambers in 16 day/night temperature regimes ranging from 19/11 to 34/26 C. Maximum dry weight, leaf area, plant height, node number, and leaf number after 46 d occurred at 29/26 and 34/26 C. Temperatures of 29/21 C or lower reduced dry weight by more than 50%. Leaf number, leaf weight, and leaf area were more sensitive to changes in day temperature, whereas plant height and root, stem, and total dry weight were more sensitive to night temperature. Dry matter production was more closely correlated with leaf area duration than with its other component, net assimilation rate. Leaf appearance rate and dry matter production were linearly related to average daily temperature. The low-temperature threshold for leaf production was 13 ± 1 C. Observations of plant development in photoperiods ranging from 10 to 16 h confirmed that sicklepod is a short-day plant with a critical day length of 13 to 14 h. No reproductive development occurred in photoperiods of 15 or 16 h. Seedlings that emerged in 10-h photoperiods required more than 1-wk exposure to short days to initiate and continue reproductive development. Plants from a North Carolina population flowered earlier than plants from a Florida population in photoperiods of 12, 13, or 14 h, but in an 11-h photoperiod the two populations flowered at the same time.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENT ON YIELD COMPONENTS OF PRIMOCANE-FRUITING RED RASPBERRIES WITH EMPHASIS ON TEMPERATURE AND DAY LENGTH.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118f-1118
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Privé ◽  
J.A. Sullivan ◽  
J.T.A. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Temperature Regimes

`Autumn Bliss', `Heritage' and `Redwing' were grown in a controlled environment setting at three day/night temperature regimes (30/25, 25/20, 20/15C) at either 12 or 16 hour photo periods. Vegetative (height, diameter, node number, leaf area, leaf, cane and root dry weight) and reproductive (precocity, numbers of fruiting laterals, flower number and dry weight) parameters were analyzed. Optimum vegetative growth was obtained when plants were subjected to short photoperiods (12 hrs) and cool (20/15C) or moderate (25/20C) day/night temperatures. Reproductive characteristics were enhanced when grown under long photoperiods (16 hrs) and moderate temperatures. High temperatures (30/25) reduced cane height due to a decrease in internode length with the greatest reduction occurring under long photo periods. Precocity and flowering was enhanced by long photoperiods especially at cool and moderate temperatures. This may have implications for the reproductive potential of these cultivars when grown in north temperate areas where high temperatures are common for most of the summer.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

Respon Akar Bibit Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata) Di Pembibitan Pada Pemberian Dosis dan Interval Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yetti Elidar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Research on the response of roots of palm sugar palm seeds (Arenga pinnata) in nurseries at doses and intervals of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer. Aims to determine the dosage, interval and combination of dosages and fertilization intervals with Nasa liquid organic fertilizer which can provide the best dry weight of the roots in the nursery. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3x3 factorial experiments and each treatment was repeated 8 (eight) times, consisting of: the first factor was the treatment of POC Nasa dose in a concentration of 3 cc POC Nasa per liter of water (D) consists of 3 levels, namely: d1 = 300 ml POC Nasa, d2 = 400 ml POC Nasa, d3 = 500 ml POC Nasa, while the second factor is the treatment of POC Nasa Interval (I) consisting of 3 levels, namely: i1 = 2 once a week, i2 = once every 3 weeks, i3 = once every 4 weeks. The results of the POC Nasa dose study had a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level are: d2 (400 ml of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer), the interval of liquid organic fertilizer Nasa has a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level is: i1 (once every 2 weeks). The treatment combination has no significant effect on all parameters. 

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