Impact of high air temperatures on Brassicacae crops in southern Ontario

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Warland ◽  
Alan W McKeown ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Seasonal Weather

The yield patterns of many cool season vegetable crops were observed to be different from the gradual increase in yields that has been reported over time for corn and soybeans in Ontario. A study was conducted to determine if there was a relationship between yield and seasonal weather patterns for five vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, radish and rutabaga) in the family Brassicacae. The iterative chi-squared technique was used to identify correlations between daily temperature and marketable yield. Yields of all five of the crops showed some damage due to hot weather in August. For cauliflower, cabbage and rutabaga there was roughly a 10% yield loss for every 10 d that the temperature reached 30°C or above during the growing season. These results shed new insight into the mechanisms by which weather affects yield. Key words: Cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, radish, rutabaga, yield, climate

scholarly journals Thermoregulatory and productive-related comparisons between wild type and slickhaired Puerto Rican Holstein cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Héctor L. Sánchez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

Anecdotally, wild type (WT) Puerto Rican Holstein cows perform poorly in hot weather compared with their short-haired (SLICK) counterparts, but scientific evidence supporting this claim is limited. Thus, comparisons of their vaginal temperature (VT), sweat gland size (SGS) and milk production (MP) values were made. Data were analyzed by Proc GLIMMIX and REG (SAS). During the cool season (March 2014) VT was similar in WT and SLICK cows (38.71±0.09 and 38.71±0.08 °C, respectively; P=0.9634). However, in the intermediate air temperatures (AT) season (April 2014), WT cows presented VT values 0.25° C higher than their SLICK counterparts from 1900-2100h (P=0.0213). Moreover, in the hot season (August 2015) VT was greater in WT than in SLICK cows by 0.31° C from 1800-0700h and 0900-1600h (P=0.0032), and by 0.20° C at 0800h (P=0.0584) and 1700h (P=0.0619). The VT increased linearly until AT reached 30.5° C in both WT (0.10° C per 1° C of AT; P<0.0001) and SLICK cows (0.08° C per 1° C of AT; P<0.0001). After 30.5° C, no further VT-AT relationship was observed. The WT had smaller SGS (232±12 vs. 315±9 μm perimeter; P=0.0024) and smaller MP (17.11±0.63 vs. 20.26±1.28 kg/d; P=0.0288) than the SLICK cows. The SLICK cows demonstrated superior thermoregulatory capacity, which seems to depend directly on the severity of the AT.

A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of Inula Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-567
Author(s):  
Aparoop Das ◽  
Anshul Shakya ◽  
Surajit Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Udaya P. Singh ◽  
Hans R. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Plants of the genus Inula are perennial herbs of the family Asteraceae. This genus includes more than 100 species, widely distributed throughout Europe, Africa and Asia including India. Many of them are indicated in traditional medicine, e.g., in Ayurveda. This review explores chemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological actions of Inula species. Methods: Major databases and research and review articles retrieved through Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline were consulted to obtain information on the pharmacological activities of the genus Inula published from 1994 to 2017. Results: Inula species are used either alone or as an important ingredient of various formulations to cure dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, central nervous system and digestive system, and for the treatment of asthma, diabetes, cancers, skin disorders, hepatic disease, fungal and bacterial infections. A range of phytochemicals including alkaloids, essential and volatile oils, flavonoids, terpenes, and lactones has been isolated from herbs of the genus Inula, which might possibly explain traditional uses of these plants. Conclusion: The present review is focused on chemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological actions of Inula species and provides valuable insight into its medicinal potential.

scholarly journals X-Ray Structure of 12-Oxophytodienoate Reductase 1 Provides Structural Insight into Substrate Binding and Specificity within the Family of OYE

Structure ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Breithaupt ◽  
Jochen Strassner ◽  
Ulrike Breitinger ◽  
Robert Huber ◽  
Peter Macheroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Binding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Family ◽  
Structural Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Consistency of long-term marketable yield of carrot and onion cultivars in muck (organic) soil in relation to seasonal weather

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Tesfaendrias ◽  
M. R. McDonald ◽  
J. Warland
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Mean

To identify carrot and onion cultivars that provide consistent marketable yields, we tracked the yields of five fresh market carrot [(Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.] and six onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars for at least 13 yr. Relationships between long-term weather variables and marketable yields were also investigated. The effects of cultivar, year and cultivar × year interactions on yield of carrots and onions were assessed. Cultivar and year had significant effects on carrot and onion yields, while the interaction was significant in only one of four data sets of carrot yield. Carrot cv. Cellobunch (95.4 t ha–1) and onion cv. Corona (74.1 t ha–1) had the highest mean marketable yields over the years studied. There was a slight positive correlation between mean yield of the assessed carrots and maximum temperatures in September (r = 0.44). Mean carrot yield was also somewhat negatively correlated with total rainfall in July (r = –0.43) and with number of days with rain in August (r = –0.43) and September (r = –0.44). Most onion cultivars showed stronger relationships between marketable yield and various weather patterns. Marketable yield of onions increased with an increase in the number of days with rainfall in June (r = 0.57). The mean marketable yield of the six onion cultivars decreased in relation to temperatures ≥30°C in June (r = –0.55) and August (r = –0.53). The mean yield of all the onions in the trials was negatively correlated (r = –0.78) with growing degree days (base 5°C, May to August). The results indicated that the data from long-term cultivar trials can be used to identify cultivars that yield well despite seasonal variations in weather. Key words: Daucus carota, Allium cepa, temperature, rainfall

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic analysis of the pathogenic potential of two novel Chlamydia gallinacea strains compared to Chlamydia psittaci

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes Heijne ◽  
Martina Jelocnik ◽  
Alexander Umanets ◽  
Michael S. M. Brouwer ◽  
Annemieke Dinkla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

AbstractChlamydia gallinacea is an obligate intracellular bacterium that has recently been added to the family of Chlamydiaceae. C. gallinacea is genetically diverse, widespread in poultry and a suspected cause of pneumonia in slaughterhouse workers. In poultry, C. gallinacea infections appear asymptomatic, but studies about the pathogenic potential are limited. In this study two novel sequence types of C. gallinacea were isolated from apparently healthy chickens. Both isolates (NL_G47 and NL_F725) were closely related to each other and have at least 99.5% DNA sequence identity to C. gallinacea Type strain 08-1274/3. To gain further insight into the pathogenic potential, infection experiments in embryonated chicken eggs and comparative genomics with Chlamydia psittaci were performed. C. psittaci is a ubiquitous zoonotic pathogen of birds and mammals, and infection in poultry can result in severe systemic illness. In experiments with embryonated chicken eggs, C. gallinacea induced mortality was observed, potentially strain dependent, but lower compared to C. psittaci induced mortality. Comparative analyses confirmed all currently available C. gallinacea genomes possess the hallmark genes coding for known and potential virulence factors as found in C. psittaci albeit to a reduced number of orthologues or paralogs. The presence of potential virulence factors and the observed mortality in embryonated eggs indicates C. gallinacea should rather be considered as an opportunistic pathogen than an innocuous commensal.

Season, sowing date, and row cover influences the production of cool season vegetables in movable high tunnels

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-536
Author(s):  
David A. Baumbauer ◽  
Macdonald H. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Growing Degree Hours ◽  
High Tunnels

Moveable high tunnels offer the possibility of increasing the number of crops harvested from a given piece of ground in northern latitudes where there is a short growing season. In an effort to expand crop scheduling options, three leafy greens and three root vegetables were grown in the spring in a movable high tunnel, and in the fall were sown outside and the tunnel was moved over the crops in late September. The effects of seeding date and addition of row cover were further explored on fresh weight and days to harvest. Using row cover within the high tunnel increased growing degree hours (GDH) by an average of 29% in the spring and 17% in the fall over a high tunnel without row cover. Soil degree hours (SDH) in the high tunnel with row cover increased an average of 9% in the spring and 12% in the fall over the high tunnel without row cover. The addition of row cover increased yield of leafy greens and turnip by an average of 35% in spring 2018 when the outside air temperature was considerably below average. Early-seeded fall leafy greens out-yielded late-seeded by 52% due to the ability to make a second harvest. Using row cover within the high tunnel increased GDH and SDH during both spring and fall seasons and increased the yield of cool season vegetables when outside air temperatures were considerably below average.

Fruit developmental biology and endosperm rumination in Elaeocarpus ruminatus (Elaeocarpaceae), and its taxonomic significance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet N. Gagul ◽  
David Y. P. Tng ◽  
Darren M. Crayn
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Phylogenetic Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

The genus Elaeocarpus is the largest genus in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising more than 350 species of trees and shrubs with a mainly Indo-Pacific distribution. Approximately 28 species in the genus, including nine species from Australia, are known to possess ruminate endosperm. To provide a basis for understanding fruit development and endosperm rumination in the genus and, therefore, its taxonomic and evolutionary significance, we studied the fruit anatomy of Elaeocarpus ruminatus F.Muell. at different developmental phases (petal-fall to maturity). We found lignin in pericarp and ovary wall tissues in the earliest stages of development. In contrast, endosperm rumination occurs only after fruits have fully expanded, and becomes more pronounced as fruits ripen. Its phylogenetic distribution suggests that ruminate endosperm is a derived, albeit homoplasious character in Elaeocarpus. Comparative studies on related species will be instructive in determining the utility of ruminate endosperm for informing infra-generic taxonomy of the genus, and gaining insight into its adaptive significance.

scholarly journals Leafhoppers and cixiids in phytoplasma-infected carrot fields: Species composition and potential phytoplasma vectors

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Drobnjakovic ◽  
Pantelija Peric ◽  
Dejan Marcic ◽  
Luca Picciau ◽  
Alberto Alma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pcr Rflp

The first molecular analysis of samples collected in southern Backa (Serbia) confirmed the presence of aster yellows (16SrI) and stolbur phytoplasmas (16SrXII) in insects belonging to the family Cicadellidae, as well as in carrot plants where the insects were collected. A correct identification of the phytoplasmas and their vectors is essential to arrange effective control strategies to prevent diseases associated with phytoplasmas from spreading to carrots and other vegetable crops. In order to enhance knowledge about insect vectors of aster yellows and stolbur phytoplasmas in Serbia, Cicadellidae and Cixiidae (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha), the most common vectors of these phytoplasmas, were monitored in southern Backa during 2008. Adults leaf- and planthoppers were collected and identified at species level using standard entomological methods, and tested for phytoplasma presence by means of PCR/RFLP. A total of 13 insect species of Cicadellidae were identified, as follows: a) three species of the subfamily Agallinae: Anaceratagallia ribauti (Ossiannilsson), Anaceratagallia venosa (Fourcroy), and Anaceratagallia laevis (Ribaut); b) seven species of the subfamily Deltocephalinae: Psammotettix confinis (Dahlbom), Psammotettix striatus (Linnaues) Psammottettix alienus (Dahlbom), Macrosteles sexnotatus (Fall?n), Ophiola decumana (Kontkanen), Errastunus ocellaris Fall?n, and Scaphoideus titanus Ball; c) three species of the subfamily Typhlocibinae: Eupteryx atropunctata (Goeze), Eupteryx mellissae Curtis, Zyginidia pullula (Boheman). Female specimens of the genus Euscelis (Deltocephalinae) were also collected, as well as one species of Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour) of the family Cixiidae. Stolbur phytoplasmas were detected in A. laevis, A. ribauti, A. venosa, P. striatus, P. confinis and P. alienus. The species: A. laevis, O. decumana, and P. confinis were AY-infected (subgroup 16SrI-A), while subgroup 16SrI-C was found only in one specimen of P. confinis. Since some aster yellows- and stolbur-infected species of the genera Psammotettix and Anaceratagallia (especially P. confinis and A. laevis) were regularly and commonly found in the infected carrot fields during the whole vegetative period, they could play a significant role in transmitting and spreading these pathogens in natural environment.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships among the clownfish-hosting sea anemones

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Titus ◽  
Charlotte Benedict ◽  
Robert Laroche ◽  
Luciana C. Gusmão ◽  
Vanessa Van Deusen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genus 2 ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe clownfish-sea anemone symbiosis has been a model system for understanding fundamental evolutionary and ecological processes. However, our evolutionary understanding of this symbiosis comes entirely from studies of clownfishes. A holistic understanding of a model mutualism requires systematic, biogeographic, and phylogenetic insight into both partners. Here, we conduct the largest phylogenetic analysis of sea anemones (Order Actiniaria) to date, with a focus on expanding the biogeographic and taxonomic sampling of the 10 nominal clownfish-hosting species. Using a combination of mtDNA and nuDNA loci we test 1) the monophyly of each clownfish-hosting family and genus, 2) the current anemone taxonomy that suggests symbioses with clownfishes evolved multiple times within Actiniaria, and 3) whether, like the clownfishes, there is evidence that host anemones have a Coral Triangle biogeographic origin. Our phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates widespread poly-and para-phyly at the family and genus level, particularly within the family Stichodactylidae and genus Sticodactyla, and suggests that symbioses with clownfishes evolved minimally three times within sea anemones. We further recover evidence for a Tethyan biogeographic origin for some clades. Our data provide the first evidence that clownfish and some sea anemone hosts have different biogeographic origins, and that there may be cryptic species of host anemones. Finally, our findings reflect the need for a major taxonomic revision of the clownfish-hosting sea anemones.

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