Effect of fall and spring seeding on canola productivity in the Peace River region of northern Alberta

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T O’Donovan ◽  
Jennifer Otani ◽  
George W Clayton ◽  
Yoong K Soon
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
River Region ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Northern Alberta

The feasibility of dormant seeding canola in the fall in the Peace River region of northern Alberta was assessed. Results indicated that there is a significant risk of crop failure with fall seeding, mainly due to poor spring seedling emergence. Where a fall-seeded canola crop established, flowering and seed maturity occurred earlier even though plant densities were lower with fall compared with spring seeding, and seeding date had little or no effect on canola seed yield or quality. Tillage (minimum or zero) or nitrogen rate, source or placement had no consistent effects on canola productivity. Canola growers in the Peace River region are unlikely to achieve higher yield and quality by seeding canola in the fall. Key words: Dormant seeding, fertilizer rate, source and placement, minimum and zero tillage, polymer coated canola seed

NOTE ON CLIMATIC TRENDS IN THE LOWER PEACE RIVER REGION OF NORTHERN ALBERTA

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. EDMONDS ◽  
C. H. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Trends ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Northern Alberta

not available

STUDIES WITH FERTILIZED PASTURES ON A HEAVY TEXTURED SOIL IN NORTHERN ALBERTA

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Elliott ◽  
C. H. Anderson ◽  
B. D. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Northern Alberta

Yields of herbage, animal gains, carrying capacity and TDN production were determined for three pasture swards grown on a Grey Wooded soil (Albright-Hythe series) in the Peace River region of northern Alberta over the period 1953 to 1956 inclusive. Sheep were used as grazing units. Fertilizer treatments of nil, ammonium phosphate (11-48-0) at 300 pounds per acre and ammonium nitrate (33-0-0) at 100 pounds per acre were applied annually to pastures of creeping red fescue, creeping red fescue-alfalfa and bromegrass-alfalfa.Productivity obtained with unfertilized grass-legume mixtures was almost double that for unfertilized grass grown alone. Increased production attributable to alfalfa was also obtained, although to a lesser degree, where fertilizers were used. Pastures of creeping red fescue seeded alone and with alfalfa responded markedly to applications of nitrogen while responses to phosphorus were negligible. Conversely, bromegrass-alfalfa pastures responded strongly to applications of phosphorus and only slightly to nitrogen.

Effect of seeding date on canola seed quality and seed vigour

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
N. T. Nesbitt ◽  
K. J. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
The Impact

Seedling vigour is a key critical component to produce well-established canola (Brassica napus) seedlings under less than ideal conditions in western Canada. Our objective was to determine if seed lots from late October (fall) or early spring (April) seeding dates improve seed vigour relative to mid-May (May) seeding dates. We compared seed size, seed maturity, germination percentage, and seedling emergence under controlled-environment conditions from six seed lots obtained from fall-sown (1997, 1998), April-sown (1998, 1999) and May-sown canola (1998, 1999) cv. Quest. On average, 80% of fall-derived seed for both years was larger than 1.7 mm compared to only 32% for May-derived canola seed. April-derived seed was intermediate. Fall and April derived seed were considered 40% mature compared to 16% for May-derived seed. In germination tests at 8°C, May derived seed germinated and emerged slower with a lower total germination percentage compared to falland April-derived seed lots. Priming reduced differences in emergence between the seed lots. Field studies at Scott, SK, sown in the fall of 1999 and 2000, and in early May of 2000 demonstrated that seed derived from fall- and April-sown canola produced higher plant densities, higher biomass at bolting, and higher seed yield than seed derived from May-sown canola. Yield was 10 to 45% less from seed derived from May-sown canola than seed derived from fall- and April-sown canola. This study established the impact of seeding date on seed quality and vigour, which in turn affected emergence, seedling vigour and yield. Also, seed vigour slowly declined within 1 yr, primarily with seed derived from the May-sown canola. Key words: Canola, Brassica napus, vigour (seed), seeding (fall), emergence, yield (quality)

Alternative seeding dates (fall and April) affect Brassica napus canola yield and quality

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken J. Kirkland ◽  
Eric N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant

Brassica napus L. canola production on the Canadian prairies often is limited by hot, dry growing conditions in early July and a short growing season. Brassica napus canola seeded in the fall just prior to freeze-up or in the early spring as soon as fields are passable may allow canola to avoid these adverse conditions. Our objective was to determine if late October (fall), or mid- to late April (April) seeding dates improve canola yield and quality relative to a mid-May (15 to 20 May) seeding date. Plant density and height, phenological development, seed yield, seed weight and seed oil content were assessed in plots sown to herbicide-tolerant B. napus canola at three seeding dates on five fallow sites and three stubble sites at Scott, SK, from 1994 to 1998. A thinner plant stand occurred for the fall compared with spring seeding dates; however, this difference rarely corresponded with less canola yield. Fifty percent flowering occurred 20 d earlier (June rather than July), reproductive growth (50% flowering to maturity) was 10 d longer, plants were 23 (fall) or 8 (April) cm shorter, and maturity occurred 13 d earlier when canola was seeded in the fall and April compared with mid-May seeding. Canola seed yield was 38% greater when seeded on the alternative dates rather than the more traditional mid-May seeding date. The yield advantage for alternative seeding dates was greater and more consistent on stubble than on fallow likely because of lack of soil crusting and temperature and wind protection from stubble. The response of seed weight to seeding date was similar to that for seed yield, indicating that a portion of the positive yield response to alternative seeding dates was associated with larger seed size. Oil content also was greater for the fall and April compared with mid-May seeding dates, but the improvement was smaller (6%) than that for seed yield. Fall- and April-seed-ed canola tolerated spring frosts and avoided adversely hot, dry weather during the flowering period, thus improving canola seed yield and quality. Alternative seeding dates provide canola producers in semi-arid regions with a sustainable option to diversify their cropping systems. Key words: Seeding date, dormant, stubble, fallow, herbicide tolerant, alternative cropping practice

CHARACTERISTICS OF FERA ELUVIATED GLEYSOLS DEVELOPED FROM ACID SHALES IN NORTHWESTERN ALBERTA

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PAWLUK
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
High Acidity ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Pedogenic Processes ◽  
Northern Alberta

Fera Eluviated Gleysols developed on highly acidic parent materials are commonly encountered on flat-lying landscapes in the Peace River region of northern Alberta. Characteristics of these soils suggest, a genetic origin, with processes similar to those encountered in Luvisols and Gleysols. Alternation between the two processes has resulted in the formation of a B horizon enriched with clays, principally from the overlying eluviated horizon, and hydrated iron oxides introduced, in part, through groundwater discharge. Goethite, maghemite, and lepidocrocite were identified in horizons containing high concentrations of secondary iron oxides. The unusually high acidity common to these soils is attributed to biogeochemical oxidation of pyrite in the oxidizing zone of the surface geological deposit, and not to pedogenic processes.

Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Yantai ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
H. Randy Kutcher ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Byron Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimal plant density is required to improve plant phenological traits and maximize seed yield in field crops. In this study, we determined the effect of plant density on duration of flowering, post-flowering phase, and seed yield of canola in diverse environments. The field study was conducted at 16 site-years across the major canola growing area of western Canada from 2010 to 2012. The cultivar InVigor® 5440, a glufosinate-resistant hybrid, was grown at five plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m−2) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Canola seed yield had a linear relationship with plant density at 8 of the 16 site-years, a quadratic relationship at 4 site-years, and there was no correlation between the two variables in the remaining 4 site-years. At site-years with low to medium productivity, canola seed yield increased by 10.2 to 14.7 kg ha−1 for every additional plant per square metre. Averaged across the 16 diverse environments, canola plants spent an average of 22% of their life cycle flowering and another 27% of the time filling seed post-flowering. Canola seed yield had a negative association with duration of flowering and a positive association with the days post-flowering but was not associated with number of days to maturity. The post-flowering period was 12.7, 14.7, and 12.6 d (or 55, 68, and 58%) longer in high-yield experiments than in low-yield experiments in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. We conclude that optimization of plant density for canola seed yield varies with environment and that a longer post-flowering period is critical for increasing canola yield in western Canada.

Management of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) with early seeding dates and high seeding rates

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
W E May ◽  
S J Shirtliffe ◽  
D W McAndrew ◽  
C B Holzapfel ◽  
G P Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Density Treatment

Traditionally, farmers have delayed seeding to manage wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) crops, but this practice can adversely affect grain yield and quality. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of using high seeding rates with early-seeded oat to maintain grain yield and quality, and (2) to determine an optimum seeding rate to manage wild oat and maximize grain yield and quality. The factors of interest were wild oat density (low and high density), seeding date (early May, mid May, early June and mid June), and tame oat seeding rate (150, 250, 350 and 450 viable seeds m-2). The study was conducted at Indian Head and Saskatoon, SK, in 2002, 2003 and 2004, at Winnipeg, MB, in 2002, and at Morden, MB, in 2003 and 2004. Wild oat biomass, wild oat panicle density and wild oat seed in the harvested sample decreased as seeding rate increased, while tame oat biomass and grain yield increased. Wild oat density ranged between 0 and 100 plants m-2 with averages of 10 plants m-2 in the low density treatment and 27 plants m-2 in the high density treatment. At low seeding rates, grain yield decreased with increasing wild oat density. The difference in grain yield between the two wild oat densities decreased as the seeding rate increased. There was a curvilinear decrease in grain yield as seeding was delayed. A seeding date × seeding rate interaction was noted for test weight, plump seed, thin seed and groat yield. Seed quality improved as seeding rate increased for only the mid-June seeding date. Even though the mid-June test weight increased as the seeding rate increased it was always lower than the early May test weight at any seeding rate. The results from this study established that in the presence of wild oats, early seeding of tame oat is possible providing high seeding rates, 350 plants m-2 are used.Key words: Wild oat competition, wild oat density, wild oat biomass, grain yield, grain quality

scholarly journals Impact of foliar nutrient sprays, crop and spatial manipulation on seed yield of Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Muneeb Ahmad Wani ◽  
Ambreena Din ◽  
FU Khan ◽  
Raiz Ahmed Lone ◽  
Gazanfer Gani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
China Aster

An attempt was made to study the effect of pinching, plant densities and foliar nutrient sprays on seed yield and quality parameters in China aster cv. Powder puff. The experiment comprised of two levels of pinching (P0 = No pinching, P1 = Pinching), three planting densities (D1 = 30 plants m-2, D2 = 36 plants m-2 and D3 = 42 plants m-2) and three levels of commercial nutrient sprays (S1= 3 sprays, S2= 4 sprays and S3 = 5 sprays), constituting a total of 18 treatment combinations replicated thrice in randomized complete block design (RCBD). Pinching at visible bud stage, significantly increased 1000 seed weight (2.18 g) and seed yield (490.85 kg/ha), Increasing the planting density resulted in increased seed yield (485.55 kg/ha) and 1000 seed weight (2.05 g). On the other hand, 4 and 5 nutrient sprays significantly improved seed yield (463.12 kg/ha-) and 1000 seed weight (1.95 g). The results from the study suggest that increased branching with apical bud removal, wider planting space and 4 to 5 foliar applications of multi-nutrient sprays, significantly improves seed yield and quality attributes of transplanted China aster. While suggesting the best combination of pinching, spacing and nutrient sprays, the economics of flower production was duly considered.

scholarly journals Microclimate Modification and Insect Pest Exclusion Using Agronet Improve Pod Yield and Quality of French Bean

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1298-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha Otieno Gogo ◽  
Mwanarusi Saidi ◽  
Jacob Mugwa Ochieng ◽  
Thibaud Martin ◽  
Vance Baird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

French bean [Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)] is among the leading export vegetable in Africa, mostly produced by small-scale farmers. Unfavorable environmental conditions and heavy infestations by insect pests are among the major constraints limiting production of the crop. Most French bean producers grow their crop in open fields outdoors subject to harsh environmental conditions and repeatedly spray insecticides in a bid to realize high yield. This has led to rejection of some of the produce at the export market as a result of stringent limits on maximum residue levels. Two trials were conducted at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Field, Egerton University, Kenya, to evaluate the potential of using agricultural nets (herein referred to as agronets) to improve the microclimate, reduce pest infestation, and increase the yield and quality of French bean. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used. French bean seeds were direct-seeded, sprayed with an alpha-cypermethrin-based insecticide (control), covered with a treated agronet (0.9 mm × 0.7 mm average pore size made of 100 denier yarn knitted into a mesh impregnated with alpha-cypermethrin), or covered with an untreated-agronet (0.9 mm × 0.7 mm average pore size made of 100 denier yarn knitted into a mesh not impregnated with insecticide). Alpha-cypermethrin and agronets were manufactured by Tagros Chemicals (India) and A to Z Textile Mills (Tanzania), respectively. Covering French bean with the agronets modified the microclimate of the growing crop with air temperature increased by ≈10%, relative humidity by 4%, and soil moisture by 20%, whereas photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and daily light integral (DLI) were decreased by ≈1% and 11.5%, respectively. Populations of silverleaf whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] and black bean aphids [Aphis fabae (Scopoli)] were reduced under agronet covers as contrasted with control plots. Furthermore, populations of both pests were reduced on French bean grown under impregnated agronets compared with untreated agronets, but only on three of the five sampling dates [30, 44, and 72 days after planting (DAP)] for silver leaf whitefly or at only one of the five sampling dates (30 DAP) for black bean aphid. Covering French bean with agronets advanced seedling emergence by 2 days and increased seedling emergence over 90% compared with control plots. French bean plants covered with both agronet treatments had faster development, better pod yield, and quality compared with the uncovered plants. These findings demonstrate the potential of agronets in improving French bean performance while minimizing the number of insecticide sprays within the crop cycle, which could lead to less rejection of produce in the export market and improved environmental quality.

scholarly journals Butterflies of the Peace River Region of Alberta and British Columbia

Blue Jay ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert G. Kondla ◽  
Edward M. Pike ◽  
Felix A. H. Sperling
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region
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