Management of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) with early seeding dates and high seeding rates

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
W E May ◽  
S J Shirtliffe ◽  
D W McAndrew ◽  
C B Holzapfel ◽  
G P Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Density Treatment

Traditionally, farmers have delayed seeding to manage wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) crops, but this practice can adversely affect grain yield and quality. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of using high seeding rates with early-seeded oat to maintain grain yield and quality, and (2) to determine an optimum seeding rate to manage wild oat and maximize grain yield and quality. The factors of interest were wild oat density (low and high density), seeding date (early May, mid May, early June and mid June), and tame oat seeding rate (150, 250, 350 and 450 viable seeds m-2). The study was conducted at Indian Head and Saskatoon, SK, in 2002, 2003 and 2004, at Winnipeg, MB, in 2002, and at Morden, MB, in 2003 and 2004. Wild oat biomass, wild oat panicle density and wild oat seed in the harvested sample decreased as seeding rate increased, while tame oat biomass and grain yield increased. Wild oat density ranged between 0 and 100 plants m-2 with averages of 10 plants m-2 in the low density treatment and 27 plants m-2 in the high density treatment. At low seeding rates, grain yield decreased with increasing wild oat density. The difference in grain yield between the two wild oat densities decreased as the seeding rate increased. There was a curvilinear decrease in grain yield as seeding was delayed. A seeding date × seeding rate interaction was noted for test weight, plump seed, thin seed and groat yield. Seed quality improved as seeding rate increased for only the mid-June seeding date. Even though the mid-June test weight increased as the seeding rate increased it was always lower than the early May test weight at any seeding rate. The results from this study established that in the presence of wild oats, early seeding of tame oat is possible providing high seeding rates, 350 plants m-2 are used.Key words: Wild oat competition, wild oat density, wild oat biomass, grain yield, grain quality

Altering the competitiveness of tame oat (Avena sativa L.) versus wild oat (Avena fatua L.) with phosphorus and seeding rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-590
Author(s):  
W.E. May
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Plot Design

Currently, no in-crop herbicide is registered to control wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.). Wild oat must be controlled in tame oat using other agronomic practices. The objective of this research was to determine if side-banded phosphorus (P) in combination with seeding rate would increase the competitiveness of tame oat with wild oat, increasing yield and quality. An experiment was conducted from 2003–2005 at Indian Head, SK. The experimental design was a strip-plot design with four replications. The strips were low and high wild oat density. A two-way factorial, seeding rate (150, 250, 350, and 450 plants m−2), and P rate (0, 15, and 30 kg P2O5 ha−1) were seeded across the strips. Phosphorus affected seed density, grain yield, oat biomass, and wild oat fecundity. Seeding rate affected most of the measured variables and interacted with wild oat and year. The application of P increased the competiveness of oat by increasing crop biomass by 7.6% and grain yield by 3.4% and decreasing wild oat seed from 1.26% to 0.76% in the harvested grain. Wild oat decreased grain yield by 23% in 2003, 4.4% in 2004, and 11% in 2005. Increasing the seeding rate increased grain yield by 5% when wild oat was present. Wild oat did not interfere with the uptake of side-banded P. Producers need to use both P fertilization and higher seeding rates to improve the competitiveness of tame oat and the management of wild oat in tame oat.

Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Interference with Oat (Avena sativa)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Manthey ◽  
Gary A. Hareland ◽  
Richard K. Zollinger ◽  
Donna J. Huseby
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Yield And Quality

A field experiment was conducted over five years to determine the effect of season-long kochia interference on oat yield and quality. Kochia interference did not affect oat height, test weight, 500-kernel weight, or groat percentage. Similarly, ash, starch, and total β-glucan percentages in oat groat were not affected by kochia interference. Oat grain yield was reduced in 1991 and 1994 by 30 kochia plants/m2, the highest density. Lipid and protein content were not affected by kochia except in 1992 where protein content was reduced and lipid content was increased by kochia.

Fertilization, seeding date, and seeding rate for malting barley yield and quality in southern Alberta

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Viable Seeds

Weather conditions are often unfavourable for malting barley quality in southern Alberta, but agronomic practice may improve the probability of attaining acceptable quality. The objective of this study was to determine optimum agronomic practice (cultivar, fertilization, seeding date and seeding rate) for yield and quality of malting barley in southern Alberta. Field trials were conducted at 12 dryland sites and 2 irrigated sites over a 3-yr period (2001–2003). At each site, five experiments were conducted with the following treatments: (1) N rate (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha-1), (2) P rate (0, 6.5, 13 and 19.5 kg P ha-1), (3) K rate (0, 25 and 50 kg K ha-1), (4) S rate (0, 10, and 20 kg S ha-1), and (5) seeding date (three dates at 10-d intervals) and seeding rate (150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 viable seeds m-1). Seven cultivars were included in the first experiment and two cultivars were included in the remainder of the experiments. Maximum grain yields were achieved when fertilizer + available soil N (estimated from unfertilized grain N yield) exceeded 31 kg N Mg-1 maximum grain yield, whereas protein concentrations were usually acceptable if fertilizer + available soil N was between 25 and 40 kg N Mg-1 maximum grain yield. Higher N rates generally reduced kernel size. Cultivar differences in N response were negligible. Application of P, K, or S did not affect malt yield or quality. Seeding delays of ≈ 20 d reduced grain yields by an average of 20%, with relatively greater yield declines under drought stressed conditions. Delayed seeding did not affect or slightly increased grain protein concentration. Kernel size was both increased and decreased by delayed seeding. Increased seeding rates from 150 to 350 viable seeds m-2 generally provided small yield gains, slight reductions in grain protein concentration and reduced kernel size. The most beneficial agronomic practices for malt barley production in southern Alberta were early seeding and application of N fertilizer at rates appropriate to the expected availability of moisture and soil N. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, protein, plump kernels

The Response of Fusarium graminearum-Infected Seed of Hard Red Spring Wheat to Vitavax Extra RTU and Dividend XL Seed Treatments

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochum J. Wiersma ◽  
Herman J. Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum can severely impact seed quality and limit the availability of seed. Repeated outbreaks of FHB in the hard red spring wheat (HRSW) production areas of Minnesota and North Dakota since 1993 has forced seed dealers and producers, on occasion, to use FHB-infected wheat as seed. In this experiment, two FHB-infected seed lots, one of the variety Verde and one of the variety 2375, were used to determine the effect of Vitavax Extra RTU (16.7% carboxin : 1.2% imazalil : 1.5% thiabendazole) and Dividend XL (16.5% difenoconazole : 1.38% mefenoxam) on initial plant population, grain yield, and quality. The standard laboratory germination tests indicated that germination of Vitavax Extra RTU-treated seed increased germination from 64 to 84% for both seed lots. Using a four-by-two factorial design, the effect of the brand of seed treatment, the effect of using either brand of seed treatment versus not using a seed treatment at all, and the attained germination percentages from the laboratory tests were used to determine the effects on the initial plant population, grain yield, test weight, and grain protein content. In three field trials, there was no significant interaction between the use of either Vitavax Extra RTU or Dividend XL and seeding rate for initial plant population, grain yield, and test weight. Although a treatment of FHBinfected wheat seed with Vitivax Extra RTU increased germination in a laboratory test, there was no increase in initial plant population or grain yield and quality compared to untreated seed. However, increasing the seeding rate in field trials compensated for poor germination results in the laboratory test and resulted in higher initial stands. Consequently, results of the laboratory test of the untreated seed needed to be used to calculate a proper seeding rate for both seed lots. Accepted for publication 2 April 2004. Published 16 April 2004.

Improving grain yield and quality traits of oats in northern growing conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio ◽  
Jari Peltonen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Growing Conditions

This study on 29 oat cultivars and breeding lines (Avena sativa L.), evaluates the correlations of grain yield and 13 morpho-physiological traits — characteristics such as maturity class and architecture of the oat stand, with grain quality properties such as grain protein concentration, protein quality, crude fat concentration, fiber concentration, and husk content. Field experiments were conducted in two contrasting growing seasons, 1988 and 1989.Under northern growing conditions high yielding ability was not associated with lower quality traits, but grain yield correlated positively with fat concentration, and negatively with both fiber concentration and husk content. In addition, there was no association between grain yield and protein concentration. Closer examination indicated that earliness, one of the most important traits of oats in northern growing conditions, correlated negatively with fat and grain protein concentration and positively with fiber concentration, thereby limiting both grain yield and quality performance. On the basis of this study, selection for productive oat ideotype does not necessarily lead to cultivars with weakened quality properties. Key words: Avena sativa, ideotype, productivity, grain quality, northern growing conditons

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