Impact of crop sequence decisions in the Saskatchewan Parkland

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
H. R. Kutcher ◽  
K. L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Sequence

Rotations are constantly being adapted to current economic and management realities. As a result, the crop sequence used tends to depend more on the economic value of particular crop types, principally cereals, oilseeds and pulse crops in the Saskatchewan Parkland, than on the best management practices for optimizing crop productivity. A study was conducted from 1999 to 2001 at Melfort, SK, to assess the effects of growing barley, wheat, canola, flax, and field pea on their own and the other crop stubbles. When a crop was seeded on its own stubble, the poorest grain yield and quality were recorded, a difference that often was related to major pathogens affecting crop productivity. In the first 2 yr of this study, when near normal temperature and precipitation were recorded, little difference was observed in the average crop yield response when any of the crops were seeded on the other broadleaf and cereal stubbles considered in the study. The exception was flax, which performed poorer when seeded on canola than flax stubble, a reflection of the negative impact canola has on arbuscular mycorrhizae populations on subsequent flax in rotation. In 2001, a year with below-normal precipitation and above-average temperature, crops seeded into pea and flax stubble had yields that were 15–40% of the best stubble treatments. Under these drought conditions, field pea was the best crop choice for flax stubble, while wheat was the best choice for pea stubble. The results of this study indicate that for the Saskatchewan Parkland, the lowest risk crop sequence decision is to avoid seeding a crop in its own stubble. Key words: Malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), pea, (Pisum sativum L.), crop rotation, disease management

Solid/liquid partition coefficients to model trace element critical loads for agricultural soils in Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M I Sheppard ◽  
S C Sheppard ◽  
C A Grant
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
National Level ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Solid Liquid

Canadian consumers are demanding a sustainable agricultural industry as well as products delivered under Best Management Practices (BMPs). Trace element accumulation in soils may influence crop productivity, food quality and ecosystem and human health. Canada’s feed and foodstuff export industry has already faced cases of penalties for high trace element content [cadmium (Cd) in durum wheat]. Thus, it is imperative to be able to estimate the accumulation and potential short- and long-term impacts of trace elements in soil. A national-level Trace Element Indicator (TEI) based on present loadings of trace elements to agricultural land is in progress. An Expert Panel including Canadian, American and Australian experts guided the assembly of a proposed methodology for this TEI. The proposed TEI, described briefly here, is a critical load approach with a single expression of the risk of impact from single or multiple trace elements from multiple sources (manures, biosolids, effluents and fertilizers and natural processes), invoked in a stochastic manner. Two key data requirements are the current background levels of trace elements in soil, and the leachability of these trace elements. A survey of total and soluble concentrations of 54 elements in up to 112 soils was completed. Although preliminary in scope, these represent key soil series in Canada. From this, a database of the solid/liquid partition coefficient, Kd, was computed. These Kd values will be used to characterize the leachability of the trace elements. Key words: Cadmium, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, uranium, metals, Kd, distribution coefficient

scholarly journals Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Zinc Biofortification in Grains and Straw of Coarse vs. Fine Rice Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Inamullah ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility and reduce crop productivity as well as zinc (Zn) concentrations in rice grains and straw. Low Zn concentrations in rice grains have a negative impact on human health, while low Zn concertation in rice straw creates a nutritional problem for animals. The current high yielding rice varieties and hybrids remove large quantities of Zn from the soils, lowering the residual concentrations of soil Zn for the subsequent crop (e.g., wheat). Field experiments were conducted on farmers field in Malakand with the objective to evaluate the impact of various combinations of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1) and Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha−1) on biofortification of Zn in grains and straw of rice genotypes [fine (Bamati-385) vs. coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)]. The results revealed that Zn biofortification in rice genotypes increased with the integrated use of both nutrients (P + Zn) when applied at higher rates (80 and 120 kg P ha−1, and 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1, respectively). The biofortification of Zn in both grains and straw was higher in the coarse than fine rice genotypes (Pukhraj > Fakhre-e-Malakand > Basmati-385). It was concluded from this study that the application of higher P and Zn levels increased Zn contents in rice parts (grains and straw) under the rice-wheat system. We also concluded from this study that Zn concentrations in rice grains and straw are influenced by plant genetic factors and Zn management practices.

scholarly journals Unlocking maize crop productivity through improved management practices in northern Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 17095-17112
Author(s):  
Job Kihara ◽  
◽  
F Kizito ◽  
M Jumbo ◽  
M Kinyua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Available N ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
P Application

Addressing the problem of low crop productivity and food insecurity can be accelerated through community-centered implementation of good agricultural management practices. This study was conducted in Babati,Northern Tanzania. The objective of the study was to determine nitrogen (N)and phosphorus (P)application requirements for maize,and demonstrate economically viable best bet yield-improving management technologies under three ecozones namely; ‘low elevation low rainfall’, ‘medium elevation high rainfall’ and ‘medium elevation low rainfall’ ecozone. Two sets of trials were conducted: N (0, 45, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1) and P (0, 15, 30, 40 kg ha-1) response trials in 16 representative fields in three seasons of 2013/14, 2014/205 and 2015/16 and; demonstrations trials in 8 farmer-selected fields in 2015/16 season. Combined N and P application increased maize yields by 32 to 62% over single nutrient applications.In the medium elevation low rainfall ecozone, 60-86%yield response to nitrogen was observed.Largely, modest applications of 50 kg N ha-1and 20 kg P ha-1resultedin profitable (marginal rate of return (MRR) of 2.4 to 3.0) yield increases of upto 214% over the farmers practice (unfertilized), varying with variety and ecozone. The source of P (DAP or Minjingu Mazao) had little influence on maize productivity except under low altitude low rainfall where Minjingu Mazao is unprofitable. Farmer rankings and agronomic indices showed new maize hybrids namely Meru H513, Meru H515 and SC627 as priority across the ecozones; Mams H913 is suitable mainly in medium elevation low rainfall ecozone. The conclusion is that use of new maize hybrids and appropriate rates of locally available N and P nutrient sources can bridge existing yield gaps and reduce food insecurity. Technologies from community-driven research in development are easily adopted by a large number of farmers and could result in a quick,yet lasting productivity gains.

scholarly journals 36 Best Management Practices for Manaus-Amazon Urban Afforestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 696-743
Author(s):  
Jonas Gomes da Silva ◽  
Juliana Assunção de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The City

In 2010, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics published a survey on urban afforestation in Brazil and Manaus city occupied the 4493rd place among the 5565 municipalities analyzed. Concerning the cities with more than 1 million habitants, Manaus was in the penultimate place, a frustrating result, since the city is the Amazon' capital, surrounded by the largest rainforest in the World. On the other hand, the cities with the best performances were Goiânia, Campinas, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, and Curitiba. Given this context, the research aims to investigate the urban afforestation's best management practices to propose suggestions for Manaus' public managers. The data collection and analysis are based in the study "Urbanistic Characteristics of the Surroundings of the Domiciles", besides obtaining information and documents from articles and websites of the governments and partners of the best city investigated. After the intersection of information, 36 good urban management practices were cataloged and proposed to Manaus' public managers.

Best management practices applied to urban runoff quantity and quality control

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Braune ◽  
A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Accumulation Of Pollutants ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

South Africa currently has one of the highest rates of urbanisation in the world causing a significant increase in surface water runoff. This, in turn, causes increased flooding and a significant decrease in water quality due primarily to the accumulation of pollutants. The need exists to manage urban stormwater runoff on an integrated catchment basis, thereby reducing the negative impact of urbanisation on the environment and quality of life. In this paper, details on how existing problem areas can be identified and ranked, the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) to reduce the impacts of urbanisation on the environment and the effectiveness of BMP's are discussed and illustrated, based on expertise gained from studies in South Africa as well as visits to the USA and Australia.

Agronomic response of six-row barley cultivars to supplemental fertilization and late-season fungicide treatments

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Jedel ◽  
J. H. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Positive Effects

Management practices such as the use of fertilizers and fungicides can have positive effects on grain yield and quality of cereals, especially where diseases are a concern. Six cultivars of six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were tested at two fertility levels (standard and high) with a late-season application of the foliar fungicide Tilt (propiconazole) to determine their agronomic responses to these management practices. In 1988, when yields were limited because of early season drought, only Leduc showed a positive yield response to the Tilt, even though it has the highest level of genetic resistance to scald and net blotch of the cultivars tested. In 1989, when yields were again limited by adverse environmental conditions, no response to Tilt was found. In 1990, when growing conditions during the season were excellent, Empress, Noble and Samson had positive responses to Tilt application. Tilt had no effect on grain protein, maturity, or harvest index; it slightly improved test weights and kernel weights and decreased percent thins; and it had variable effects on height, number of viable tillers m−2, and kernel number spike−1. Yield response to Tilt was not affected by fertility regime. High fertility (112 kg ha−1 N 37 kg ha−1 P) resulted in an overall increase in yield of 0.62 t ha−1 from the standard fertility treatment (84 kg ha−1 N 27 kg ha−1 P); decreased harvest index; delayed maturity in 1989 only; increased height, number of viable tillers m−2, and kernel number spike−1; increased protein content of the grain in 1988 only; and had no effect on test weight, kernel weight and percent thins. Because of the variability of response from year to year and cultivar to cultivar, the economic feasibility of Tilt application may be limited.Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., propiconazole, soil fertility, management

Wheat yield response to rainfall in a long-term multi-rotation experiment in the Victorian Wimmera

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Hannah ◽  
GJ O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Crop Sequence

Seventy-six years of wheat yield data from a long-term rotation experiment at Dooen in the Victorian Wimmera were analysed to describe the response of wheat yield to seasonal rainfall, crop sequence, and time. Wheat yields from 7 different 1- to 4-course rotations involving wheat, barley, oat, field pea, grass pasture and fallow were compared as a function of growing-season (May-November) rainfall. The field layout had no within-year replication, but each phase of each rotation was represented once in each year. An approximate quadratic response of wheat yield to both current year and previous year May-November rainfall was observed for each rotation. Previous year May-November rainfall boosted wheat yields grown on fallow, but decreased the yield of wheat grown on field pea or wheat stubble. Highest wheat yields followed fallow preceded by pasture, high yields followed fallow preceded by a cereal, moderate yields followed field pea, and low yields occurred for continuous wheat. Long-term trends in wheat yields adjusted for rainfall depended on crop sequence and fluctuated more in the non-fallow, 3-course rotations. Over the 76 years, average yield declined in all rotations except the continuous wheat, which was always low, but there was evidence that yield of all continuous cropped rotations had increased during the last 2 decades.

scholarly journals Florida Nurseries: Why Some Struggle and Some Sail Through Economic Hard Times

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-846
Author(s):  
Teresa Olczyk ◽  
Juanita Popenoe ◽  
Ed Skvarch ◽  
Alejandro Bolques
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Hard Times

The Florida nursery industry generated $3 billion in farm gate sales in 2005, positioning Florida as the nation's second largest nursery crop production state after California. The recent downturn in the economy and collapse of the housing market has had a negative impact on some sectors of the industry, forcing many of the nurseries producing landscape plant material out of business, but leaving some nurseries untouched. An informal survey by extension agents indicated that nurseries are coping by using various strategies, including reductions in labor force, increased efficiencies in irrigation and fertilizer, the adoption of best management practices, creative marketing strategies, specialization in the production of unique crops, and innovative production and business techniques.

scholarly journals Tropical agriculture and global warming: impacts and mitigation options

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo P. Cerri ◽  
Gerd Sparovek ◽  
Martial Bernoux ◽  
Willian E. Easterling ◽  
Jerry M. Melillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Sustainability

The intensive land use invariably has several negative effects on the environment and crop production if conservative practices are not adopted. Reduction in soil organic matter (SOM) quantity means gas emission (mainly CO2, CH4, N2O) to the atmosphere and increased global warming. Soil sustainability is also affected, since remaining SOM quality changes. Alterations can be verified, for example, by soil desegregation and changes in structure. The consequences are erosion, reduction in nutrient availability for the plants and lower water retention capacity. These and other factors reflect negatively on crop productivity and sustainability of the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Conversely, adoption of "best management practices", such as conservation tillage, can partly reverse the process - they are aimed at increasing the input of organic matter to the soil and/or decreasing the rates at which soil organic matter decomposes.

scholarly journals Weed Management under Phosphorus Enrichment in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harikesh Jat ◽  
M.K. Kaushik ◽  
S.K. Sharma ◽  
V.K. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Crop Weed Competition ◽  
Quizalofop Ethyl

Background: Weeds infestation is one of the major threats to crop production and leads to severe crop-weed competition which finally reduce the crop productivity in term of quality and quantity. To enhance crop productivity therefore efficacy of various pre and post-emergence herbicides were evaluated on the basis of Amaranthus viridis, Commelina benghalensis and Cynodon dactylon population reduction, nutrient concentration and their uptake by groundnut. Methods: The present investigation was conducted consecutively for two kharif seasons of 2016 and 2017, at Instructional Farm, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur with six weed management practices and four phosphorus levels thus, 30 treatment combinations; all were evaluated in split-plot design with three replications. Result: The experimental results revealed that all herbicidal treatments as well as weed free recorded significantly lowest weed density as well as highest weed control efficiency, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration and also their uptake by groundnut as compared to weedy check except quizalofop-ethyl at 30 DAS in respect to control Cynodon dactylon. Further, pod yield response to phosphorus was found quadratic. The results also showed that phosphorus exhibit significantly increase nutrients concentration and their uptake by groundnut over control during the experimentation.

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