Effect of photoselective filters on the physical and chemical traits of vine-ripened tomato fruits

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Gautier ◽  
Aline Rocci ◽  
Michel Buret ◽  
Dominique Grasselly ◽  
Yvon Dumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Β Carotene

The effects of several wavelength selective light filters placed on developing mature green tomato fruits were studied to determine whether light environment during fruit ripening has an impact on fruit composition. Juice titratable acidity and fruit fresh and dry weight varied little with the different filters. Reducing the red/far-red light ratio with a green filter to simulate vegetation shade slightly delayed ripening. Reducing infrared light (700-1100 nm) reduced vitamin C and soluble sugars content. A drastic reduction in photosynthetic light (97%) reduced both β-carotene (-23%) and lycopene (-29%) contents and red coloration (-21%). Significant correlations were found among the content of soluble sugars, vitamin C and lycopene, but these components increased differently according to the spectral composition of the light transmitted to the fruit. The content of lycopene and β-carotene increased with exposure to photosynthetic radiation and more precisely with exposure to blue light. In contrast, the content of vitamin C and sugar increased with infrared light exposure. Key words: β-carotene, photoselective filters or shading, fruit ripening, fruit environment, lycopene, Lycopersicon esculentum, tomato, vitamin C

scholarly journals Accuracy of the GENEActiv Device for Measuring Light Exposure in Sleep and Circadian Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Julia E. Stone ◽  
Elise M. McGlashan ◽  
Elise R. Facer-Childs ◽  
Sean W. Cain ◽  
Andrew J. K. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
The Impact

Light is a variable of key interest in circadian rhythms research, commonly measured using wrist-worn sensors. The GENEActiv Original is a cost-effective and practical option for assessing light in ambulatory settings. With increasing research on health and well-being incorporating sleep and circadian factors, the validity of wearable devices for assessing light environments needs to be evaluated. In this study, we tested the accuracy of the GENEActiv Original devices (n = 10) for recording light under a range of ecologically relevant lighting conditions, including LED, fluorescent, infrared, and outdoor lighting. The GENEActiv output had a strong linear relationship with photopic illuminance. However, the devices consistently under-reported photopic illuminance, especially below 100 lux. Accuracy below 100 lux depended on the light source, with lower accuracy and higher variability under fluorescent lighting. The device’s accuracy was also tested using light sources of varying spectral composition, which indicated that the device tends to under-report photopic illuminance for green light sources and over-report for red light sources. Furthermore, measures of photopic illuminance were impacted by infrared light exposure. We conclude that the GENEActiv Original is suitable for mapping light patterns within an individual context, and can reasonably differentiate indoor vs. outdoor lighting, though the accuracy is variable at low light conditions. Given the human circadian system’s high sensitivity to light levels below 100 lux, if using the GENEActiv Original, we recommend also collecting light source data to better understand the impact on the circadian system, especially where participants spend prolonged periods in dim lighting.

scholarly journals Do NH4:NO3 ratio and harvest time affect celery (Apium graveolens) productivity and product quality?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Saleh ◽  
Guangmin Liu ◽  
Mingchi Liu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Hongju He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Nitrate Level ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractDue to the remarkable health benefits of celery (Apium graveolens), its consumption has increased over time. A partial substitution of NO3− with NH4+ is recommended to limit the accumulation of NO3− in leafy vegetables. Hence, a factorial experiment with two factors, consisting of six treatments as combinations of three NH4:NO3 ratios (0:100, 20:80 and 40:60) in nutrient solutions and two harvesting times (in the morning and in the evening), was conducted on celery plants in a soilless culture system. The results showed that 100% NO3 as a sole N source significantly increased plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll, fresh weight, N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, protein, dietary fibre, soluble sugars, nitrate, vitamin C, α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein of celery plants compared to either 80 or 60% NO3. However, this increase was not significant compared to 20% NH4:80% NO3 in terms of leaf number, fresh yield, N, Mg, Mn, protein, soluble sugars, vitamin C and α-carotene. Harvesting in the evening significantly increased K, Mg, Fe, soluble sugars, α-carotene and β-carotene, and lowered the nitrate level in celery plants. In conclusion, partial replacement of 20% NO3-N with 20% NH4-N and evening harvesting are recommended for a greater fresh yield, higher quality, and lower nitrate level.

scholarly journals Phytochemical changes in heated Rosa species fruits and seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
Güneş Mehmet ◽  
Dölek Ümit ◽  
Elmastaş Mahfuz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Rosa Species ◽  
Β Carotene

The phytochemical changes in heat-treated Rosa species fruits and seeds were determined. Fruits and seeds of five advanced genotypes belonging to Rosa dumalis, R. canina, and R. villosa were used. Fruits were harvested at optimal maturity and boiled in distilled water for 30 min, followed by analysis of soluble solid content, dry matter, pH, titratable acidity, total sugar, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and vitamin C. Total phenolic content and the antioxidant activities of fresh and boiled fruits were also analyzed, and fatty acid levels in fresh and heated seeds were determined. Total sugar, pH, and antioxidant activities were not affected, but β-carotene was affected significantly by heating in all species. The losses in β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and vitamin C were between 78–86, 29–51, and 12–60%, respectively. Heat treatment did not affect significantly the ratios of major fatty acids except for R. dumalis (MR-12 and MR-46).

scholarly journals Internal Bruising Affects Chemical and Physical Composition of Tomato Fruit

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 522C-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso L. Moretti ◽  
Steven A. Sargent ◽  
Donald J. Huber ◽  
Rolf Puschmann
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Polygalacturonase Activity ◽  
Locule Tissue

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) fruits, cv. Solarset, were harvested at the mature-green stage and treated with 50 μL/L ethylene at 20C. Breaker fruits (<10% red coloration) were dropped from 40 cm onto a smooth, solid surface and held along with undropped fruits at 20°C and 85% relative humidity. At table-ripe stage, pericarp, placental, and locular tissue were individually excised and analyzed for total carotenoids, total soluble sugars, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, density (locule tissue), polygalacturonase activity, and electrolyte efflux (pericarp tissue). Internal bruising caused by impact forces significantly affected pericarp and locule tissues, but not placental tissue. For bruised locule tissue, total carotenoids content decreased by 37.1%, vitamin C content by 15.6%, and titratable acidity by 15.3% as compared to control. However, density was increased by 3.0%. For bruised pericarp tissue, vitamin C content decreased by 16.5%, while polygalacturonase activity and electrolyte efflux increased by 33.3% and 24.8%, respectively. The development of abnormal ripening following an impact was confined to locule and pericarp tissues and appears to be related to the disruption of cellular structure and stimulation of enzymic activity.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical and sensory properties of strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) grown in conventional and hydroponic systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 671-677
Author(s):  
Maria Lucilania Bezerra Almeida ◽  
Carlos Farley Herbster Moura ◽  
Renato Innecco ◽  
Deborah dos Santos Garruti ◽  
Fábio Rodrigues de Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Overall Acceptability

Strawberry is considered a fruit of great commercial interest in many countries due to its color, aroma, flavor, and nutritional properties. However, it is possible that the differences among the cultivation systems could affect the production of photoassimilates in the plant and, consequently, their partitioning into the fruits composition, influencing its quality. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the cultivation systems (hydroponics in gutters and slabs, and conventional) and genotype on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant and sensory activity in strawberry fruits. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design in a factorial 4 × 3 scheme with four replications, represented by trays of approximately 200 g of fruit. In the Laboratory, the strawberries (cv. Oso Grande, Festival, Camarosa, and Albion) were analyzed for their physicochemical properties and sensory variables: titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), SS/TA ratio, soluble sugars, vitamin C, polyphenol, and antioxidant activity. It was observed that cultivation systems and genotype studied influence the antioxidant activity, physicochemical and sensory properties of strawberries. The conventional system shows higher values for physicochemical variables and antioxidant activity, with cultivar variation within each system. The antioxidant activity attributed to strawberry is strongly related to the content of extractable polyphenols and vitamin C. Regarding the sensory properties, cultivars show good overall acceptability in all production systems studied, no presenting difference among systems.

scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid, Sugars, Phenols, and Nitrates Concentrations in Tomato Grown in Animal Manure Amended Soil

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Antonious ◽  
Eric Turley ◽  
Mohammad Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Amended Soil

We studied the impact of animal manure that was mixed with biochar (a product of wood pyrolysis) on the nitrates (NO−3), vitamin C, total phenols, and soluble sugars concentrations in tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum var. Marglobe) of plants that were grown in raised plastic-mulch of freshly tilled soils. Sewage sludge (SS), horse manure (HM), chicken manure (CM), vermicompost (worm castings), commercial inorganic fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer, and bare soil used for comparison purposes were the soil amendments. Each of the seven treatments was mixed with 10% (w/w) biochar to make a total of 42 treatments. Chemical analysis of mature tomato fruits revealed that the fruits of plants grown in SS amended soil contained the greatest concentration of NO−3 (17.2 µg g−1 fresh fruits), whereas those that were grown in SS biochar amended soils contained the lowest concentrations of nitrate (5.6 µg g−1 fresh fruits) compared to other soil treatments. SS that was amended with biochar increased vitamin C and total phenols in tomato (22 and 27 µg g−1 fresh fruits, respectively) when compared to SS alone (11µg g−1 fresh fruits). Growers and scientists are seeking strategies to increase antioxidants and reduce anti-nutritional compounds, like nitrates in food, while recycling animal waste. The results of this investigation revealed the role of biochar in reducing nitrates and optimizing the nutritional composition of tomato.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Ethephon in Postharvest Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Urmi Rani Devi ◽  
Ayesha Begum ◽  
Nilufa Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Total Soluble Solid ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Β Carotene

Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of applying ethephon on postharvest tomato. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Applied Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Food Processing and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh. It was conducted for a period of six months from 1st January, 2018 to 30th June, 2018. Methodology: TSS (Total Soluble Solid) was determined by using hand refractometer, proximate composition by standard AOAC method, vitamin C and β-carotene by UV-spectrophotometric method, sodium and potassium by flame photometric method, titratable acidity, calcium and magnesium by titremetric method. To compare differences in control and treated group, significant difference was considered at the level of P<0.05.   Results: Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control). Physico-chemical properties including total soluble solid and titratable acidity increased significantly (P<0.05) in treated group (4.66±0.57°B; 0.32±0.01% respectively) than control (3.33±0.57°B; 0.28±0.01% respectively). Moisture content also significantly (P<0.05) increased in ethephon treated tomato (94.15±0.27g/100g) than non-treated (85.54±0.23g/100g). But significantly lower amount of carbohydrate, ash, crude fiber were observed in artificially ripened tomato by ethephon (2.5±0.45g/100g; 0.51±0.02g/100g; 0.82±0.03g/100g respectively) than naturally ripened (3.7±0.26g/100g; 0.59±0.01g/100g; 0.90±0.01g/100g respectively). Apparently protein and fat content were found insignificantly less amount in artificially ripened tomato by ethephon. The significant lowest concentration of vitamin C and β-carotene were observed in ethephon ripened tomato (16.65±0.01mg/100g; 413.33±1.15μg/100g respectively). Mineral contents of ethephon treated tomato (Na 3.65±0.47mg/100g; K 199±1.00mg/100g; Ca 4.75±0.07mg/100g; Mg 8.57±0.19mg/100g) found significantly (P<0.05) fewer amounts than control tomato (Na 3.96±0.01mg/100g; K 213.67±0.57 mg/100g; Ca 5.57±0.15mg/100g; Mg 9.96±0.04mg/100g). Conclusion: Application of ethephon on postharvest tomato hastens ripening time and physico-chemical properties but reduces shelf life and nutritive value of tomato.

scholarly journals Improving Quality Attributes of Tomato during Cold Storage by Preharvest Foliar Application of Calcium Chloride and Potassium Thiosulfate

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Wael M. Semida ◽  
Ahmed E. Emara ◽  
Mohammed A. Barakat
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars

The aim of this trial was to investigate the pre-harvest foliar application of calcium chloride and potassium thiosulfate each at 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 % on some quality of tomato fruit (hybrid 65010) during cold storage. The experimental layout of cold storage experiments was a split-split-plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks design with three replications. Time of cold storage, calcium chloride and potassium thiosulfate levels were randomly distributed in the main, sub-and sub-sub plots, orderly. At the termination of cold storage, effect on tomato fruit titratable acidity, vitamin C and lycopene contents while, negative impact on firmness and total soluble sugars contents was obtained. At termination of cold storage, pre-harvest foliar calcium chloride at 0.2 and/or 0.4 % caused increments in fruit titratable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents. In addition, pre-harvest foliar potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % enhanced fruit vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents and also increased titratable acidity content. Generally, the interaction between cold storage × pre-harvest foliar calcium chloride or potassium thiosulfate at 0.2 and/or 0.4% increased fruit total titratable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents. Also, the interaction between pre-harvest calcium chloride × potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % was distinguished and increased all studied fruit quality at the end of cold storage. The interaction treatment of cold storage × calcium chloride at 0.4 % × potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % was the best that improved fruit quality more than others.

scholarly journals Effects of High-Temperature Stress during Plant Cultivation on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Fruit Nutrient Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hayriye Yildiz Dasgan ◽  
Sultan Dere ◽  
Yelderem Akhoundnejad ◽  
Bekir Bülent Arpaci
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Agriculture is among the sectors that will be impacted first and most by the adverse effects of climate change. Therefore, developing new high-temperature tolerant varieties is an essential economic measure in adaptation to near-future climate change. Likewise, there is a growing interest in increasing the antioxidant content of crops to improve food quality and produce crops with high-stress tolerance. Tomato is the most grown and consumed species in horticultural plants; however, it is vulnerable to 35°C and above high temperatures during cultivation. This study used twenty high-temperature tolerant, two susceptible genotypes, and two commercial tomato varieties in the open field. The experiment was applied under control and high-temperature stress conditions based on a randomized block design with 4 replications and 12 plants per repetition. The study investigated the fruit’s selected quality properties and antioxidant compounds, namely, total soluble solutes (Brix), titratable acidity, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), lycopene, β-carotene, and vitamin C, along with total phenols and total flavonoids under control and stress conditions. As a result, in general, total soluble solutes, titratable acidity, total phenol, and vitamin C contents under high-temperature conditions were determined to increase in tolerant tomato genotypes, while decreases were noted for pH, EC, total flavonoids, lycopene, and β-carotene. However, different specific responses on the basis of genotypes and useful information for breeding studies have been identified. These data on fruit nutrient content and antioxidants will be helpful when breeding tomato varieties to be grown in high-temperature conditions.

scholarly journals Functional and Quality Characteristics of Ginger, Pineapple, and Turmeric Juice Mix as Influenced by Blend Variations

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Akama Friday Ogori ◽  
Julius Amove ◽  
Precious Aduloju ◽  
Giacomo Sardo ◽  
Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sensory Analyses ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Β Carotene

In this current work, the functional and quality characteristics of ginger, pineapple, and turmeric juice mix as influenced by blend variations were investigated. Specifically, the blends had constant ginger amounts, decreased pineapple, and increased turmeric proportionally. Additionally, the functional properties involved physicochemical (pH, soluble solids (SS), total titratable acidity (TA) and viscosity), proximate (moisture, protein, fat and ash), minerals (Ca, and Mg) and vitamin C and β-carotene analyses, whereas quality properties involved microbiological and sensory analyses. The results showed that as quantities of pineapple and turmeric respectively decreased and increased, there was significant increases in Ca, Mg, vitamin C, and β-carotene contents (p < 0.05). Across the blends, the degree of significant differences (p < 0.05) in the protein, fat, and ash seemed more compared to those of moisture contents. Despite the increases in pH and viscosity, and decreases in SS and TA, the increases in turmeric potentially reinforced by ginger most likely decreased the bacterial/fungi counts, as well as inhibition zones. Increasing and decreasing the respective amounts of turmeric and pineapple might not necessarily make the blends more acceptable, given the decreases in appearance, taste, aroma, and mouthfeel scores.

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