Agronomic characteristics and nutritive value of 11 grasses grown with irrigation on a saline soil in southwestern Saskatchewan

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Glover ◽  
G. A. Kielly ◽  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Agronomic and nutritive characteristics of 11 grasses were studied at Swift Current, Saskatchewan on a moderately saline irrigated soil: [smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehmann), tall wheatgrass (Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.), intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski), slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus (Linke) Gould ex Shinners), Altai wild ryegrass (Leymus angustus (Trin. Pilger), Russian wild ryegrass (Psathyrostachys junceus (Fisch.) Nevski), Dahurian wild ryegrass (Elymus dahuricus Turcz ex Grieseb), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arudinaceae L.) and creeping foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir.)]. Grasses were clipped at threeleaf, heading and seed set. Yield, leaf-to-stem ratio (LSR), botanical composition (BC), crude protein (CP), phosphorus, fibre and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined. There were differences (P < 0.05) between the grasses in yield at each growth stage with smooth bromegrass and creeping foxtail having high yields and meadow bromegrass low yields at all growth stages. The BC of most target grasses was greater than 60%. Exceptions were Dahurian wild ryegrass, crested wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass and meadow bromegrass. There were few significant differences between the grasses for LSR, except that Russian and Altai wild ryegrasses and meadow bromegrass had higher LSR (P < 0.05) than the other grasses. Differences in CP, P, neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibres were inconsistent and small at each growth stage but CP and P declined (P < 0.05) while NDF and ADF increased (P < 0.05) with plant maturation. There were differences (P < 0.05) between years and cuts for all traits except between years for yield, BC and LSR at seed set (P > 0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) NDF and in vivo dry matter digestibility (DMD) were determined for hay cut from each plot using sheep. The relationship between forage NDF and DMI: DMI g kg BW-1 d-1 = 86.5 – 0.09 NDF (r2 = 0.87; RSD = 1.16; P < 0.001)]

Divergent Selection for In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility in Smooth Bromegrass 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Ehlke ◽  
M. D. Casler ◽  
P. N. Drolsom ◽  
J. S. Shenk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Selection For

Nutrient digestibility of alfalfa at different growth stages on sheep and goat

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
M. M. Moeini ◽  
M. Souri ◽  
F. Hozabri ◽  
M. R. Sanjabi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The nutritive values of animal feed are dependents on plant species, stages of maturity, harvesting and preparation methods. Legumes provide maximum yield, high forage quality (protein, mineral and digestible energy). Legumes decrease in protein and digestible dry matter and increase in fibre as they increase in growth or in maturity (Hochensmith et al., 1997). Alfalfa (medica sativa) is world unique forage in livestock food. This study was conducted to examine the chemical composition and nutrient digestibility of Hamadanian alfalfa forage at different growth stage on two local Iranian sheep and goat breeds.

Leaf development of eight grass species following grazing

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
S. B. M. Wright ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Grazing by herbivores affects grass species both morphologically and physiologically. A study was conducted on an irrigated pasture near Outlook, Saskatchewan, Canada during the summer of 1991 to determine leaf regrowth after grazing of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), slender wheatgrass [Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. trachycaulus], intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey subsp. intermedium], orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus beibersteinii Roem. & Schult.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) Wimm.] and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in order to evaluate the suitability of these species for grazing. All eight species were mob-grazed by sheep at a stocking density of 30 animals ha-1. Physiological stage of leaf development was determined at 7, 14 and 21 d following defoliation. Smooth bromegrass and timothy consistently produced the greatest number of leaves for all regrowth periods. Tall fescue produced the least number of leaves at all time periods. Fifty-five percent of slender wheatgrass tillers and 19% of intermediate wheatgrass tillers were reproductive 21 d after defoliation. Based on leaf regrowth after grazing measured by leaf appearance, the grasses were ranked into three groupings – meadow bromegrass, smooth bromegrass and reed canarygrass ranked highest; intermediate wheatgrass, slender wheatgrass and orchardgrass ranked intermediate; and timothy and tall fescue ranked lowest. Key words: Leaf, regrowth, grass, grazing

Effect of N fertilizer on the productivity and nutritive values of perennial grass mixtures in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Dong ◽  
Z. F. Yang ◽  
R. J. Long ◽  
Z. Z. Hu ◽  
M. Y. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
N Application ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Nutritive Values

A study was conducted on grass mixtures that included smooth bromegrass (SB) + drooping wild ryegrass (DW), smooth bromegrass + Siberian wild ryegrass (SW) + crested wheatgrass (CW) and smooth bromegrass + Siberian wild ryegrass + drooping wild ryegrass + crested wheatgrass in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The study was conducted from 1998 to 2000 to investigate the effects of N application rates and growing year on herbage dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive values. Herbage DM production increased linearly with N application rates. The effect of N application on DM yields was greater (P < 0.05) in the 2nd and 3rd production years than in the establishment year. Dry matter yields of SB + SW + CW and SB + SW + DW + CW can reach as high as 15 000 kg ha-1 at 345 kg ha-1 N rate in the 3rd growing year. With increased N application rates, crude protein (CP) contents and 48 h in sacco DM degradability of grasses increased (P < 0.05). No effect (P > 0.05) of N application was detected on organic matter (OM) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentration. It can be concluded that for increased biomass production in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, a minimum of 345 kg N ha-1 should be applied to grass stands in three split application of 115 kg N ha-1, in early June, early July and late July. Key words: Nitrogen levels, herbage dry matter yield, leaf shoot ratio, crude protein contents, dry matter degradability

Feeding behavior and dry matter digestibility in sheep fed first and second cut reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tokita, ◽  
I. Yoshimura ◽  
T. Tokita
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Female Sheep

We investigated the intake and digestibility of different reed canarygrass (RCG) growth stages by sheep. RCG was cultivated in an experimental field and harvested at the first and second cuts at each pre-blooming stage. Feeding behavior was monitored on adult female sheep, fed 3 kg each of fresh RCG three times daily. While the crude protein content and dry matter digestibility of RCG were significantly higher in leaf than in stem tissue of both first and second cut in harvesting times, neutral and acid detergent fiber contents were higher in stem than in leaf. The dry matter intake of RCG at the second cut (296.1g) was significantly higher than at the first cut (214.1 g). The eating time for consumption of RCG on dry matter at the second cut (54.9 min) was shorter than at the first cut (69.4 min). Consequently, at the second cut, the rate of biting (54.6 bites/min) was lower than at the first cut (64.8 bites/min). Bite size, expressed as dry matter intake per bite, ranged from 0.05 g at first cut to 0.10 g at second cut.

Growth Stage-Influenced Differential Response of Foxtail and Pigweed Species to Broadcast Flaming

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago M. Ulloa ◽  
Avishek Datta ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail

Propane flaming could be an effective alternative tool for weed control in organic cropping systems. However, response of major weeds to broadcast flaming must be determined to optimize its proper use. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, Concord, NE in 2007 and 2008 using six propane doses and four weed species, including green foxtail, yellow foxtail, redroot pigweed, and common waterhemp. Our objective was to describe dose–response curves for weed control with propane. Propane flaming response was evaluated at three different growth stages for each weed species. The propane doses were 0, 12, 31, 50, 68, and 87 kg ha−1. Flaming treatments were applied utilizing a custom-built flamer mounted on a four-wheeler (all-terrain vehicle) moving at a constant speed of 6.4 km h−1. The response of the weed species to propane flaming was evaluated in terms of visual ratings of weed control and dry matter recorded at 14 d after treatment. Weed species response to propane doses were described by log-logistic models relating propane dose to visual ratings or plant dry matter. Overall, response of the weed species to propane flaming varied among species, growth stages, and propane dose. In general, foxtail species were more tolerant than pigweed species. For example, about 85 and 86 kg ha−1were the calculated doses needed for 90% dry matter reduction in five-leaf green foxtail and four-leaf yellow foxtail compared with significantly lower doses of 68 and 46 kg ha−1of propane for five-leaf redroot pigweed and common waterhemp, respectively. About 90% dry matter reduction in pigweed species was achieved with propane dose ranging from 40 to 80 kg ha−1, depending on the growth stage when flaming was conducted. A similar dose of 40 to 60 kg ha−1provided 80% reduction in dry matter for both foxtail species when flaming was done at their vegetative growth stage. However, none of the doses we tested could provide 90% dry matter reduction in foxtail species at flowering stage. It is important to note that foxtail species started regrowing 2 to 3 wk after flaming. Broadcast flaming has potential for control or suppression of weeds in organic farming.

The influence of harvest management and fertilizer application on seasonal yield, crude protein concentration and N offtake of grasses in northeast Saskatchewan

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
W. F. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

The goal of pasture management is to match quantity and quality of herbage to the requirement of the grazing animal. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of harvest management and fertilizer application on annual and seasonal production, protein concentration and N-offtake by eight grass species adapted to the central Aspen Parkland. In this 3-yr splitsplit- plot experiment, grasses were either fertilized annually (50 and 13 kg ha-1 of N and P, respectively) or left unfertilized, and cut either twice annually (two-cut) in early July and late September, or three to four times annually (multi-cut), in early June, early July, early August and late September if there was sufficient herbage. The grasses used in this study were Altai wildrye [Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilger], creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra), meadow bromegrass [Bromus riparius (Rehmann)], Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.), intermediate wheatgrass [Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski] and green needlegrass [Nassella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth]. Fertilizer increased yield of the two-cut treatment 15% (P < 0.05) more than the multi-cut treatment. On average, the multi-cut treatment had 32% higher protein concentration than the two-cut treatment throughout the season. Fertilizer significantly increased protein concentration only in the first harvest of the multi-cut clipped plots, probably because the application rate was low. Nitrogen offtake of the multi-cut treatment averaged 24% higher than the two-cut treatment, even though the latter yielded more. Meadow bromegrass showed the most uniform seasonal distribution of yield among the high-yielding grasses under all management systems while smooth bromegrass and crested wheatgrass were generally the poorest. Crested wheatgrass had significantly more first cut production than all other grasses. Meadow bromegrass herbage also had the lowest protein concentrations throughout the growing season among the high producing grasses. Since the protein concentrations were generally higher than required by grazing beef cattle, the meadow bromegrass herbage was the most suitable for this class of cattle. Green needlegrass also showed potential for use in pastures. Key words: Pasture, hay, protein yield, Bromus, Elytrigia, Nassella, Agropyron, Festuca, Psathyrostachys, Leymus

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