A protocol for spring milling wheat production in the Maritimes

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
C. D. Caldwell ◽  
D. F. Walker ◽  
M. Price ◽  
J. B. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

Maritime cereal producers have had difficulty in producing spring milling wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops of 13.5% grain protein with consistency. A 3-yr study was conducted from 1999 to 2001 to develop a nitrogen management protocol to produce spring milling wheat with 13.5% grain protein. Experiments were conducted at three locations: Harrington, Prince Edward Island; Hartland, New Brunswick; and Truro, Nova Scotia. Ten split nitrogen treatments were applied to four spring milling wheat cultivars, AC Walton, Glenlea, Grandin and SS Maestro. Generally, any split nitrogen application of 75 to 100 kg ha-1 or greater produced grain protein of 13.5%. However, 10 cultivars out of 36 cultivar × site combinations failed to reach the desired 13.5% grain protein at any nitrogen treatment. Moisture stress after flowering, excessive precipitation during early plant development and protein dilution due to high grain yield were some of the possible reasons why 13.5% grain protein was not obtained. Milling quality was enhanced with increasing amounts of applied nitrogen because as grain protein increased, water absorption, development time, dough stability and time to dough breakdown increased while mixing tolerance index and 20-minute drop decreased. There was little or no improvement in milling quality with nitrogen applications greater than 75 to 100 kg ha-1. Maritime grain producers can produce high-quality, high-yielding spring wheat with relatively low levels of nitrogen input; however, environmental factors may override management in determining the ultimate product quality. Key words: Spring wheat, Triticum aestivum, protein, milling quality, nitrogen

Nitrogen management of spring milling wheat underseeded with red clover

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
Y. Papadopolous ◽  
J. A. MacLeod ◽  
C. D. Caldwell ◽  
D. F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

The benefits of underseeding cereals with legumes and grasses have been established. However, research is required to determine the effects of underseeding spring wheat with red clover on yield and milling quality. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the rates of supplemental N required to obtain 13.5% or greater grain protein of three spring milling wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) cultivars underseeded to red clover (Trifolium pratense L.); (2) to determine the effect of supplemental N on establishment of red clover , and (3) to relate the N status of the soil after harvest to grain protein. Field experiments were conducted from 1998 to 2000 on three sites: Hartland, New Brunswick; Truro, Nova Scotia; and Harrington, Prince Edward Island. Grain yield and protein content increased with increasing amounts of supplemental N. In most years, supplemental N above a base application of 55 kg N ha-1 applied at 52.5 kg N ha-1 at Zadoks GS 30 resulted in 13.5% protein in the grain of Grandin and AC Barrie, but 70 kg N ha-1 was r equired for AC Walton. Based on the N content of the straw, Grandin was less effective in partitioning N into the grain than AC Barrie and AC Walton. Increasing rates of supplemental N caused a reduction in red clover establishment. Soil pH decreased with increasing rates of supplemental N. Nitrate N in the soil at 0–5 and 0–20 cm depths increased with supplemental N, but there was no effect on ammonium N. Differences in pH or levels of soil N after harvest did not account for differences in grain protein. In the Maritime provinces, to reach a desirable milling protein level in spring wheat of 13.5%, producers will need to add supplemental N at a rate of at least 100 kg N ha-1 over and above background levels; however, this will be at the risk of reducing red clover establishment and increasing levels of soil N available for leaching. Key words: Spring wheat, Triticum aestivum, red clover, Trifolium pratense, underseeding, protein, nitrogen

EFFECTS OF DILUTE SPRAYS OF SIMAZINE ON SPRING WHEAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McNeal ◽  
J. M. Hodgson ◽  
M. A. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
R Value

In 1967, 18 spring wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) were grown in the field at Bozeman, Montana, and sprayed on three dates with low rates of 2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino) -s-triazine (simazine).The simazine treatments significantly affected both yield and percent protein. Yields decreased as rate of simazine increased and as wheat plants were more mature when treated. The May 16 and June 16 simazine treatments resulted in grain protein about 2% higher than the control, but this increase was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in yield of grain.A highly significant r value of 0.77 between grain protein and the grain to straw ratio suggests that grain protein is heavily dependent on total foliage production.

Floret sterility and outcrossing in two spring wheat cultivars

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith G. Briggs ◽  
Oliver K. Kiplagat ◽  
Anne M. Johnson-Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Morphological Phenotype

A tendency for higher outcrossing potential in Canadian semidwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars compared with tall Canadian cultivars has been postulated by breeders and seed growers. In the present study, the outcrossing potential of a semidwarf Canada Prairie Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Cutler and a conventional height Canada Western Red Spring wheat, cv. Roblin was determined under controlled greenhouse conditions. Outcrossing of each cultivar was induced by applying moisture stress followed by exposure to pollen from a phenotypic marker stock, cv. P8901. In the controlled absence of external pollen, moisture stress significantly reduced seed set in both cultivars. Application of external pollen following moisture stress increased seed set significantly in Cutler and nonsignificantly in Roblin, and was associated with a higher level of floret opening in Cutler. Outcrossing frequency was also assessed by analysing progeny seed (selfed or outcrossed) using acidic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of seed protein, RAPD markers and morphological phenotype, including height, awnedness, black chaff and time to maturity. All three assay techniques demonstrated a higher outcrossing frequency in Cutler than in Roblin under this protocol. The frequency of outcrossing in different parts of the spike was also determined for both cultivars. In both cultivars the highest proportion of outcrossing was found in the mid-upper region of the spike, followed by the mid-lower region. Key words: Floret sterility, moisture stress, outcrossing, Triticum aestivum

AC Taber red spring wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1241-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. De Pauw ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gluten Strength ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Tilletia Laevis ◽  
Cultivar Description

AC Taber, red-kernelled spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), resembles Biggar but has improved resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust (caused by Puccinia recondita Roberge ex Desmaz.) and common bunt [caused by Tilletia laevis Kuhn in Rabenh. and Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.]. AC Taber also has a higher protein content, better milling quality and more gluten strength than Biggar. AC Tabor is eligible for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring (red) wheat class.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, disease resistance, high yield

Infinity hard red spring wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Infinity hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has exhibited adaptation to a wide range of growing season temperatures and moisture availability. Infinity averaged significantly more grain yield than most other presently registered cultivars, and its grain protein concentration was significantly higher than that of Superb in the Saskatchewan Advisory Council trials. It matured significantly earlier than Superb. The straw length and strength, and volume weight of Infinity was intermediate to the check cultivars. Its seed size was smaller than that of AC Barrie and Superb. Infinity expressed resistance to prevalent races of stem rust and loose smut, moderate resistance to leaf rust and common bunt, and susceptibility to fusarium head blight. Infinity is eligible for all grades of the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, adaptation, grain yield, grain protein, disease resistance

DISPOSITION OF NITROGEN AND SOLUBLE SUGARS IN MANITOU SPRING WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY N FERTILIZER, TEMPERATURE AND DURATION AND STAGE OF MOISTURE STRESS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. R. DAVIDSON ◽  
T. N. McCAIG
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Concentration

Manitou spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown at combinations of three different day/night temperatures (27/12 °C, 22/12 °C and 17/12 °C), three levels of fertilizer N (58, 116 and 174 kg N/ha), and three moisture stresses (nominally −0.03, −1.5 and −4.0 MPa) applied for four durations (viz., no stress throughout, stress from (i) four-tiller (Tg), (ii) boot (Bt), or (iii) flowering (Fl) stages to harvest (Hvst)). Plant and soil samples were analyzed at eight growth stages. Plants grown at 22/12 °C or 17/12 °C and given 116 or 174 kg N/ha lost some N between heading and flowering. Plant N content (dry weight × % N) was depressed by moisture stress in proportion to the duration of the stress even though N concentration was increased. Plant N content was not greatly affected by temperature due to the compensating effects of temperature on dry matter and N concentration. N content of heads was depressed most by moisture stress applied from the Bt stage. Between Fl and Hvst the roots, leaves and stems lost an average 27, 39 and 63% of their N content, respectively. Stems could have contributed a maximum of about 30%, roots 14%, leaves 10% and chaff 7% of the grain N content at Hvst; thus, almost 40% of the grain’s N was taken up during grain filling. An average 75% of the aboveground plant N was located in the grain. At 27/12 °C nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration in stems reached a maximum at Fl compared to dough stage at 22/12 °C, but it decreased rapidly thereafter. In contrast to N concentration, NSC concentration in stems was lowest at 27/12 °C; also, moisture stress from Bt or Tg stages decreased NSC concentration. Like N content, NSC content was reduced in proportion to the duration of moisture stress. High temperature, N fertilizer, and moisture stress from Tg or Bt stages (conditions favoring high grain protein) increased the proportion of the vegetative organs’ weight loss, between Fl and Hvst, that was N-linked. The amount of NSC-associated dry matter lost from stems during grain filling was generally greater for late or low moisture stressed plants, for plants grown under cooler conditions, and for plants grown at higher N rates (conditions favoring greater grain yields). Of the moisture treatments, stress applied from Fl increased NSC-associated dry matter lost from stems the most, probably suggesting that assimilate translocation was used by the plant to compensate for reduced flag-leaf-produced photosynthate. Respiration losses associated with NSC translocation from stems to heads was greater at 22/12° than at 17/12 °C; there was little NSC translocation apparent at T27/12 °C.Key words: Plant nitrogen, soluble sugars, nitrogen effect, temperature effect, moisture stress effect, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Recovery of tagged fertilizer nitrogen applied to rainfed spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) subjected to severe moisture stress

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sala Feigenbaum ◽  
N. G. Seligman ◽  
R. W. Benjamin ◽  
Dvorah Feinerman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen
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