Allelic studies of new sources of scald (Rhynchosporium secalis Davis) resistance in barley

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
R. A. Pickering ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Disease Management Strategy ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Resistant Lines

The use of genetic resistance is a desirable disease management strategy for controlling scald (Rhynchosporium secalis Davis) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); thus, it is essential to screen for new sources of resistance. The objectives of this study were to test the novelty of scald resistance in two barley lines from New Zealand, 145L2 and 4176/10/n/3/2/6, relative to a number of resistance sources available to western Canadian breeding programs, and to determine the source of this resistance. 145L2 and 4176/10/n/3/2/6 were resistant in New Zealand and in scald screening nurseries in Alberta, Canada, in 1998. 145L2 was crossed with 4176/10/n/3/2/6 and with four local resistant lines to determine allelic relationships between 145L2 resistance, 4176/10/n/3/2/6 resistance and the resistance(s) in the local lines. To determine the source of the resistance, all H. vulgare L. lines in the pedigree of the New Zealand lines were evaluated in the same nurseries. The resistance gene in 145L2 was not allelic to that in 4176/10/n/3/2/6 or the other barley lines tested. All lines in the pedigree of the two New Zealand lines were susceptible, suggesting that their resistance is derived from unknown parents in their pedigrees. These New Zealand lines provide new sources of scald resistance that can be incorporated into western Canadian breeding lines. Key words: Barley, scald, resistance

scholarly journals Reaction of a Bean Germplasm Collection Against Five Races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Identified in Northern Spain and Implications for Breeding

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Ferreira ◽  
Ana Campa ◽  
Elena Pérez-Vega ◽  
Ramón Giraldez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Seed Phenotype

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is one of the most serious diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The pathogenic variability of this fungus in northern Spain and the response of a bean germplasm collection maintained at Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain) were screened in order to identify potential resistance sources. Races 3, 6, 19, 38, and 102 were identified from 55 isolates collected in this area, race 38 being the most common one. In all, 246 landraces and 42 lines derived from breeding programs were evaluated in search of resistant lines. No local accession showed adequate resistance to the five races. However, three local accessions were resistant to four races and presented intermediate or mixed reactions against the fifth one: accession V225, with a large great northern seed phenotype (R3R6I38R102R19); accession V369, with a great northern seed phenotype (R3R6R38R102R/S19); and accession V309, with a navy seed phenotype (R3R6R38R/S102R19). The results revealed a wide variation in the resistance spectra or resistance combinations, although not all the possible resistance spectra were present in the evaluated accessions. Among the breeding lines, nine materials were resistant to five races and three lines (A252, A321, and A493) were selected as resistance sources to transfer genetic resistance to Andecha bean cultivar. The results indicated that lines A252 and A321 have two dominant and independent genes involved in the resistance to race 38 whereas line A493 has a single locus.

scholarly journals Sources of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Barley Landraces from Turkey

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Jerzy H. Czembor ◽  
Elżbieta Czembor
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Barley Landraces

Powdery mildew on barley, caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, occurs worldwide and can result in severe yield loss. Germplasm of barley, including landraces, commercial cultivars, wild relatives and breeding lines are stored in more than 200 institutions. There is a need for characterization of this germplasm in terms of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This is necessary in order to use specific accessions in breeding programs. In the present study, 129 barley landraces originated from Turkey and provided by the ICARDA genebank were tested for resistance to powdery mildew. Seedling resistance tests after inoculation with 19 differentiated isolates of B. graminis f. sp. hordei were used to postulate the presence of resistance genes. From the 129 landraces studied, plants of 19 (14.7%) of them showed resistance to infection with powdery mildew. Based on preliminary tests from these 19 landraces, 25 resistant single plant lines were selected for testing with differential powdery mildew isolates. Seven lines were resistant to all 19 isolates used. However, only one line (5583-1-4) showed resistance scores of zero against all isolates used. It is likely that this line possesses unknown, but highly effective genes for resistance. In five resistant lines it was not possible to postulate the presence of specific resistance genes. In 19 lines the presence of the genes Mlp, Mlk, Mlh, Mlg, Ml(CP), Mlat, Mla3, Mla6, Mla7 and Mla22 were postulated. These new sources of highly effective powdery mildew resistance in barley landraces from Turkey could be successfully used in breeding programs.

Flavor Profiles of Wild Species-Derived Peanut Breeding Lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Tallury ◽  
H. E. Pattee ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Important Quality

Abstract Several diploid wild species of the genus Arachis L. have been used as sources of resistance to common diseases of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Because flavor is among the most important quality attributes for commercial acceptance of roasted peanuts, sensory attributes of interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines were evaluated to determine if transfer of disease resistance from wild species is associated with concomitant changes in flavor. Sixteen interspecific hybrid derivatives with five diploid species in their ancestries and the commercial flavor standard, NC 7 were evaluated for sensory quality. Significant variation among entries was found for the roasted peanut, sweet, and bitter sensory attributes, but not for the overall contrast between NC 7 and the wild species-derived breeding lines. The variation was either between two groups of wild species-derived breeding lines or within one or both groups. Introduction of disease and pest resistance traits from Arachis species did not result in degradation or improvement of the flavor profile. This suggests that flavor of wild species-derived germplasm will not prevent its use either as parents in peanut breeding programs or as cultivars.

scholarly journals Resistance to Belly Rot in Cucumber Identified through Field and Detached-fruit Evaluations

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Uchneat ◽  
Todd C. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Pickling Cucumbers

Belly rot, caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn., is a severe disease in many regions that produce cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Annual crop loss to belly rot is commonly 5% to 10%, but losses as high as 80% can occur in individual fields. There are no resistant cultivars, so fungicides are used to provide partial control. Genetic resistance in an acceptable cultivar would be more desirable and economical. Studies were conducted in Summers 1991 and 1992 to screen promising germplasm for belly rot resistance using field and detached-fruit screening methods. In 1991, 105 cultigens (cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introduction accessions) were evaluated for belly rot resistance. The tests were repeated in 1992 with 63 cultigens, including the most resistant cultigens identified in 1991 and appropriate controls. Several cultigens were identified as potential sources of resistance genes. Pickling cucumbers showing resistance included PI 197085, PI 271328, and an F4 selection of PI 197087 × PI 280096. Slicing cucumbers with resistance included `Marketmore 76' and the F1 of Gy 14 × PI 197087. Belly rot resistance was not correlated with other horticultural traits measured, including fruit type, skin type, spine color, and firmness. The resistant cultigens identified should be useful for developing cucumber cultivars with enhanced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani.

scholarly journals Genetic Resistance of Lactuca spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Race 1

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jesse J. Murray ◽  
Gulnoz Hisamutdinova ◽  
Germán V. Sandoya ◽  
Richard N. Raid ◽  
Stephanie Slinski
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Soil Pathogen ◽  
Race 1

Fusarium wilt of lettuce is caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (Fol) and is a growing threat to global lettuce production. Fol was first detected in Florida in 2017 and was subsequently confirmed as race 1. Management strategies for this long-persisting soil pathogen are limited, time-consuming and expensive, and they may lack efficacy. Identifying diverse sources of genetic resistance is imperative for breeding adapted cultivars with durable resistance. The objectives of this study were to identify sources of resistance against a race 1 isolate of Fol in Florida, delineate the relationship between foliar and taproot symptoms, and investigate the inheritance of resistance and partial resistance in two F2 populations. Thirteen experiments were conducted in greenhouse and field locations to characterize the diversity of genetic resistance in the genus Lactuca. Leaf cultivars Dark Lollo Rossa and Galactic; romaine breeding lines 43007, 60182, and C1145; and iceberg breeding line 47083 consistently exhibited low foliar and taproot disease symptoms. Resistance was not identified among the wildtype Lactuca or primitive plant introductions (PI) in this study based on taproot symptoms. An additional test was conducted to study the segregation pattern of Fol resistance between one resistant and one susceptible accession (R × S) and one partial resistant and one susceptible accession (PR × S). The F2 population from ‘60182 × PI 358001-1’ fit the expected segregation ratio for a single recessive locus model, whereas the ratio for ‘Dark Lollo Rossa × PI 358001-1’ did not fit either recessive or dominant single locus models. These sources of resistance are potential candidates for developing commercial cultivars with multiple resistance loci against Fol race 1, especially for the Florida lettuce production system.

Reactions of eastern Canada oat genotypes to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Jim Menzies ◽  
Yuanhong Chen ◽  
Weikai Yan ◽  
Bao-luo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca), is the most important disease and yield limiting factor of oat production in eastern Canada. In this study 101 oat genotypes composed of 51 cultivars and 50 breeding lines from eight oat breeding programs across Canada were evaluated for seedling reactions to six common Pca races, as well as reactions to a bulk inoculum of Pca in greenhouse trials and for adult plant resistance (APR) to natural populations of Pca in field trials in 2014 and 2015. Sixty-six genotypes showed resistant reactions to at least one of the six races; of these, 22 were resistant to all six races. These 22 genotypes also showed resistance to the bulk inoculum at the seeding stage and to the natural populations of Pca at the adult plant stage, suggesting that these current and future oat varieties have effective resistance against the common races and Pca populations in the region. Eleven genotypes, including 12ANS03, AAC Bullet, CFA1213, CFA1306, Idaho, OA1301-1w-3, OA1369-5, OA1370-2, OA1371-2, OA1383-2, and Oscar, were susceptible as seedlings but resistant as adult plants. APR is proven to be long lasting and provides broad-spectrum resistance to Pca populations. The 11 oat genotypes identified with APR in the present study are more desirable as sources of resistance for breeding programs developing durable crown rust resistant cultivars for eastern Canada.

Screening Exotic Sorghum Germplasm, Hybrids, and Elite Lines for Resistance to a New Virulent Pathotype (P6) of Peronosclerospora sorghi Causing Downy Mildew

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada L. Radwan ◽  
Ramasamy Perumal ◽  
Thomas Isakeit ◽  
Clint W. Magill ◽  
Louis K. Prom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Peronosclerospora Sorghi ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines

A recent outbreak of sorghum downy mildew (SDM) in Texas has led to the discovery of both metalaxyl fungicide resistance and a new pathotype, P6, in the causal organism Peronosclerospora sorghi. New and alternate sources of host plant resistance are needed for successful management of SDM. To identify sources of resistance, a total of 333 (242 minicore lines representing diverse germplasm from India, 67 commercial hybrids from Kansas, and 24 elite breeding lines from Texas) were inoculated in the greenhouse. Using an established sandwich inoculation technique, artificial inoculation of test lines with P. sorghi conidia, resulting in < 10% infection, were scored as “resistant.” Fifty-two minicore and 20 accessions from Kansas exhibited ≤ 10% infection and were selected as resistant. Out of 52 resistant minicore accessions, 28 were photoinsensitive. Eleven of 20 commercial hybrids from Kansas showed zero percent infection. Thirteen of 24 elite breeding lines from Texas were also resistant. In this study, resistance sources for the new P6 SDM pathotype were identified. The diversity among these materials is expected to provide different single-gene sources as well as quantitative sources of SDM resistance for use in breeding programs. Accepted for publication 13 January 2011. Published 23 March 2011.

scholarly journals Identification of sources of winter barley resistance to smut (Ustilago hordei)

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
T. G. Derova ◽  
E. S. Doroshenko ◽  
O. S. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Barley ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Ustilago Hordei ◽  
Barley Resistance

The current paper presents the 3-year assessment results of domestic and foreign winter barley varieties and lines for smut resistance. The smut pathogen in the Rostov region causes one of the most harmful diseases, which, in addition to direct crop losses (head destruction), causes the so-called hidden losses, which can several times exceed direct ones. An effective way to counteract the disease is to cultivate resistant varieties, and farmers need the reliable sources of resistance to the pathogen. The immunological properties of winter barley varieties were studied in an infectious nursery (2016–2018). Seed infection with spores was carried out by S. Dimitrov’s method (1968) using a nutrient medium. Inoculated seeds were sown at the end of the optimal time. There was estimated a number of infected stems. The variety “Dobrynya 3” was used as a susceptible test-variety, which percentage of infection throughout the years ranged from 20.6 to 71.8%. There were studied 115 domestic and foreign varieties and lines. Among 69 domestic commercial varieties and breeding lines, 11 ones (15.9%) showed good resistance, 21 ones (30.4%) showed weak susceptibility, 30 ones (43.5%) possessed average susceptibility and seven varieties (10.1%) were severely affected by the pathogen. Among foreign varieties, resistance to barley smut has been established in seven German varieties, in three French varieties, in two Swiss varieties, one Czech variety and one Ukrainian variety. The varieties “Rocca”, “Nixe” (Germany), “Metelitsa” (Ukraine) are classified as the best ones in resistance to the pathogen during the artificial infection. The French variety “18513 ЕН11” had no affected plants during the study and was identified as an immune variety. The identified sources of winter barley resistance to smut are recommended for use in breeding programs for immunity.

New sources of resistance in Trifolium subterraneum L. to root rot caused by two races of Phytophthora clandestina Taylor, Pascoe and Greenhalgh

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. You ◽  
M. J. Barbetti ◽  
P. G. H. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
New Cultivars

Eighty-four genotypes, comprising 71 ssp. subterraneum and ssp. yanninicum breeding lines of Trifolium subterraneum and 13 cultivars commonly used at the time of commencement of the experiment, were screened in the glasshouse for resistance to root rot caused by 2 races of Phytophthora clandestina that occur most widely in Australia. Resistance to race coded 001 was identified in 7 mid-season genotypes of ssp. subterraneum, including the new cultivar, Coolamon, and one genotype also showed resistance to race coded 373. Of the late flowering ssp. subterraneum genotypes tested, 13 showed resistance to race coded 001 and 4 of them also showed resistance to race coded 373. In the late flowering ssp. yanninicum group, 12 of 13 genotypes tested, including the new cultivar, Napier, showed resistance to both races. Of the mid-season ssp. yanninicum genotypes, all but 2 of 19 tested showed resistance to both races. The resistance observed in the majority of ssp. yanninicum and in some ssp. suberraneum genotypes, indicates that these are useful sources of resistance that can be exploited, either directly as new cultivars to minimise damage from this disease, or as parents in breeding programs to develop cultivars with improved resistance to P. clandestina. This study established the availability of 51 advanced lines and 11 cultivars as sources of resistance against P. clandestina race coded 001 and 36 lines and 4 cultivars for race coded 373, among which 36 lines and 4 cultivars were resistant against both races.

Biplot evaluation of test environments and identification of lentil genotypes with durable resistance to fusarium wilt in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Parihar ◽  
Ashwani K. Basandrai ◽  
D. R. Saxena ◽  
K. P. S. Kushwaha ◽  
S. Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Testing Site ◽  
Natural Incidence

Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis) is the most crucial limiting variable for decreasing yield levels of lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.) around the world. A set of 20 diverse lentil genotypes comprising breeding lines and released varieties was evaluated, along with susceptible controls, for resistance to fusarium wilt through natural incidence for two continuous years (2010–11 and 2011–12) in six diverse lentil-growing environments in India. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of genotype (G) and environment (E) for disease incidence was highly significant. Among the three sources of variation, the biggest contribution in disease occurrence was accounted for by environment (54.68%), followed by G × E interaction (17.32%). The high G × E variation necessitated assessment of the genotypes at different locations (environments). GGE biplot analysis of the studied genotypes revealed that genotype PL 101 and released cultivar L 4076 had low levels of disease incidence. The sources of resistance to fusarium wilt have great potential for use in lentil-breeding programs. Another biplot of relationships among environments demonstrated that, among the test locations, Sehore and Faizabad, were the most effective for differentiation of genotypes. On the basis of discriminating ability and representativeness, the Sehore location appeared an ideal testing site for natural incidence of F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis.

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