Banded herbicides and cultivation for weed control in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Ground Crack ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Weeds Control

Increasing costs of production have resulted in intensified efforts to reduce the amount of herbicides applied in potato production. This research evaluated the potential of applying herbicides in 30-cm-wide bands over the potato row in combination with cultivation between the potato rows to achieve weed control. At a moderate to high infestation of quackgrass and annual broadleaf weeds, control of quackgrass, corn spurry and wild radish was as effective with the banded herbicide + cultivation treatments as with the broadcast herbicide treatment. Potato marketable yields from the banded herbicide + cultivation treatments were comparable to the broadcast herbicide application treatment. A single cultivation at 21 d after planting (DAP) (at ground crack), 28 DAP (potatoes 5 to 10 cm tall) or 35 DAP (potatoes 10 to 15 cm tall) did not give adequate weed control, and potato yields were reduced by 30% or more at all times of cultivation compared to herbicide treatments. This study shows that acceptable weed control without effects on marketable yield is possible by using a 30-cm-wide herbicide band over the row followed by cultivation to remove weeds between the row. The amount of herbicide used per hectare with this technique is reduced by 66% compared to a broadcast herbicide application. Key words: Herbicide, potato, quackgrass, Elytrigia repens L. (Nevski), corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.), wild radish (Raphanis raphanistrum L.), cultivation

Acetic acid for weed control in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Potato Foliage

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are produced in all Canadian provinces, and interest has increased in the use of non-synthetic chemicals and organic techniques to provide weed control. Acetic acid has been suggested as a chemical that could potentially provide weed control in potato production. We examined glacial acetic acid and Ecoclear (30% acetic acid, 1.0% naptha solvent and 1.0% trimethyl benzene) for effectiveness in controlling weeds in potatoes when applied in a 30-cm-wide band over the potato row as well as their effect on potato yield components in three experiments repeated over 2 yr. The effects of time of application and volume of application were also examined. Glacial acetic acid at 10% concentration did not injure potato foliage, but at 20 and 30% concentration it injured emerged potato foliage. A concentration of 20% acetic acid was needed to provide acceptable weed control levels of lambs-quarters, corn spurry and wild buckwheat. Marketable yield was reduced by 20 and 30% acetic acid to below the standard herbicide treatment. Sequential applications of acetic acid at concentrations of 10, 20 or 30%, applied 7-10 d apart, caused slightly greater injury and yield was 10 to 15% less than in the single application. Ecoclear applied to emerged weeds and before potato emergence did not injure potato foliage, but when applied post-emergence it caused severe, but short lived, potato injury. Ecoclear gave greater than 80% control of lambs-quarters, corn spurry and wild radish. Potato marketable yield was comparable with that achieved with a herbicide and was reduced only in one year by Ecoclear applied post-emergence. Weed control was 18% or less when Ecoclear was applied at 200 L ha-1, 54 to 74% when applied at 400 L ha-1 and 91 to 95% when applied at 800 L ha-1 volume of application. Key words: Potato, acetic acid, EcoClear, weed control, application time, application volume

scholarly journals (414) Evaluation of Potato Leafhopper Control and Plastic Mulch Culture for Organic Potato Production

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071C-1071
Author(s):  
Martha Maletta ◽  
Melvin Henninger ◽  
Kristian Holmstrom
Keyword(s):  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Organic Potato ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
National Organic Program

Potato leafhopper (PLH) control and plastic mulch culture for certified organic potato production were evaluated in 2003 and 2004. The trials were conducted on the Rutgers Snyder Research and Extension Farm's certified organic fields. Production practices conformed to the National Organic Program. The potato cultivar grown was `Superior'. In 2003, PLH controls were: untreated control (UTC); Surround WP, 25 lb/acre; PyGanic EC 1.4, 1 pt/acre; Surround plus PyGanic; and silver plastic mulch. PyGanic and Surround/PyGanic treatment reduced PLH nymph counts and damage (hopperburn–HB), when compared to the UTC. Counts were higher and HB more severe in silver mulch plots than in the UTC, but marketable yield was more than double the UTC. PyGanic and Surround/PyGanic treatment yields were 50% higher than the UTC. In 2004, PLH controls were: PyGanic EC 1.4, 1–2 pt/acre; Diatect V, 2–4 lb/acre; and Surround WP, 25 lb/acre. The crop was grown on bare ground or silver plastic mulch. Nymph counts and HB were lowest on PyGanic- and Diatect-treated plots. Nymph counts and HB for UTC and Surround treatment were higher on plastic mulch than bare ground plots. Marketable yield was highest from PyGanic-treated plots. PyGanic or Diatect treatment yields were higher from plastic mulched than from bare ground plots. The PLH control and plastic mulch culture significantly increased organic potato yields. Marketable yield from the UTC was lower than the New Jersey average for conventional potato (275 hundred wt/acre) by 71% on bare ground and by 39% with plastic mulch in 2003; 59% on bare ground; and 52% with plastic mulch in 2004. PLH control with PyGanic combined with plastic mulch culture resulted in yields just 7% less than the state average; yield on bare ground was 26% less.

scholarly journals Cultivar-specific Weed Management Programs for ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Bannock Russet’ Potato Production in Wisconsin

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata L. Solan ◽  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Richard A. Rittmeyer ◽  
Daniel J. Heider
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Developmental Characteristics

Field trials were conducted at Hancock, WI, in 2008 and 2009 to determine reduced-herbicide weed management programs for ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Bannock Russet’ potato (Solanum tuberosum) based on cultivars’ developmental characteristics. Six treatments applied to each cultivar included: preemergence (PRE) broadcast s-metolachlor and metribuzin (the industry standard); PRE in-row banded s-metolachlor and metribuzin with cultivation at 15% canopy development; postemergence (POST) broadcast rimsulfuron and metribuzin; POST between-row banded glyphosate; POST in-row banded rimsulfuron and metribuzin with cultivation at 15% canopy development; and cultivation alone at 15% canopy development. In 2008 and 2009, for both cultivars, visual assessments indicated weed suppression was reduced when glyphosate was POST between-row banded, compared with other treatments, and weed suppression was consistently high when rimsulfuron and metribuzin were POST broadcast. As expected, in-row weed control was consistently poor when glyphosate was between-row POST banded, providing no in-row weed control. Regardless of cultivar or year, in-row weed control was comparable to or better than the industry standard when herbicides were broadcast or in-row banded with cultivation at 15% canopy development. Potato yield was poor when glyphosate was POST between-row banded and when cultivation was used without herbicide application. Yield was consistently high when herbicides were POST broadcast, which provided no reduction in treated area from the industry standard of PRE broadcast. In both years, ‘Russet Burbank’ yield was greatest when herbicides were POST in-row banded with cultivation at 15% canopy development; ‘Bannock Russet’ yield was greatest when herbicides were PRE in-row banded with cultivation at 15% canopy development. Cultivar-appropriate weed management systems that band herbicides over the crop row in combination with cultivation would provide a two-thirds decrease in herbicide application from the industry standard without risk of yield loss.

Time of hilling and interseeding affects weed control and potato yield

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka M. Rajalahti ◽  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Michael P. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Excessive Competition ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Alternative Weed Control ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The current emphasis on reducing pesticide use has led to increased interest in alternative weed control methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of hilling, in combination with subsequent interseeding of cover crops, to control weeds in potato and to determine the impact of these actions on potato yield and insects. Each cover crop, either hairy or lana vetch, oats, barley, red clover, or a combination of oats and hairy vetch, was interseeded, following hilling, 3, 4, or 5 wk after planting (WAP). Hilling and interseeding treatments were compared to a no-cover treatment and a chemical standard, metolachlor (1.7 kg ai ha−-1) plus linuron (1.7 kg ai ha−-1). Cultivation associated with the interseeding operation and cover crops reduced weed density 20 to 27% by 3 wk after interseeding. To prevent excessive competition, cereals interseeded 3 or 4 WAP and vetches interseeded 3 WAP were controlled at a height of 25 to 35 cm using fluazifop (0.22 kg ai ha−-1) plus metribuzin (0.28 kg ai ha−-1). Because of slow growth, it was necessary to control red clover (interseeded 3 WAP), only in 1996, at a height of 15 cm. Control of cereals resulted in a dead mulch that provided 0 to 95% weed control, whereas legumes regrew after herbicide application and provided 45 to 70% weed control. However, an adequate minimum of 70% weed control was achieved only with the chemical standard, cereals (1995 and 1996), and legumes (1996) interseeded 3 WAP when controlled with herbicides. In a dry season (1995), potato yields were highest with the chemical standard, whereas in a season with adequate precipitation (1996), potato yields equivalent to those of the chemical standard were obtained with early interseeding (3 WAP) of cereals. The observed changes in the densities of potato leafhopper and of its natural enemies were unlikely to have any effect on potato yield because of low overall insect populations. Thus, the results suggest that in good growing conditions, early (3 WAP) interseeding of cover crops supplemented with postemergence herbicides may both suppress weeds with 70% less herbicide (ai ha−-1) and provide yields comparable to those associated with conventional potato production.

scholarly journals Potato Leafhopper Control and Plastic Mulch Culture in Organic Potato Production

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Maletta ◽  
Melvin Henninger ◽  
Kristian Holmstrom
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Organic Potato ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Certified Organic

Control tactics for potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) in certified organic potato (Solanum tuberosum) production were evaluated in 2003 and 2004. The 2004 split plot trial also compared silver plastic mulch culture with bare ground culture. The trials were conducted at the Rutgers Snyder Research and Extension Farm's certified organic fields, and production practices conformed to the standards of the National Organic Program (NOP). `Superior' potato was grown both years. Potato leafhopper (PLH) controls evaluated were: kaolin, pyrethrin, pyrethrin plus kaolin (2003), pyrethrin with silicon dioxide (2004), and silver plastic mulch (2003). Pyrethrin, pyrethrin plus kaolin, and pyrethrin with silicon dioxide reduced PLH nymph counts and PLH damage (hopperburn) ratings compared with the untreated check (UTC). Kaolin did not reduce nymph counts or hopperburn ratings. In 2003, nymph counts and hopperburn ratings were higher in the mulch treatment than in the UTC, yet the mulch treatment produced higher yield than the UTC. In 2004, mulch culture increased total and marketable yield compared with bare ground culture when PLH was controlled. Nymph counts and hopperburn ratings were higher until mid-July in the mulch plots than bare ground plots with the UTC and kaolin treatments. Controlling PLH and using plastic mulch culture significantly increased organic potato yields and tuber size. Marketable yields from the UTC were less than the New Jersey average of 275 cwt/acre for conventionally grown potato: yield was 38% of average on bare ground and 68% of average on mulch in 2003; 33% of average on bare ground and 38% of average on mulch in 2004. Reducing hopperburn with pyrethrin on plants grown on mulch (2004) resulted in marketable yield that was 75% of the New Jersey average.

Potato production on a cat clay soil in relation to stable and uncontrolled water tables

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Barnett ◽  
M. R. Bullen ◽  
C. R. de Kimpe
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
High Water ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Water Tables

To study potato (Solanum tuberosum) response to drainage in a poorly drained high-S de l’Anse clay loam (sulfaquept), five or six cultivars were grown for 3 consecutive years on separate plots where the water table fluctuated naturally or was maintained at 0.46-, 0.76-, or 1.22-m depth during the growing season. As the fixed water table was maintained at progressively lower levels, marketable tuber (> 45 mm) yields declined linearly from 0.46 to 1.22 m in a year with normal July rainfall. Marketable yield plateaued at 0.76 m then decreased in years with wet or dry July periods. Specific gravity of the potatoes declined each year. The reduction was greater from 0.46 to 0.76 than from 0.76 to 1.22 m in the dry and wet years. In the wet year, there was a slight increase in specific gravity from 0.76 to 1.22 m. Soil temperature and soil pH showed no effect of water table reduction. Generally, the values for variables measured on the controls where the water table fluctuated naturally occurred somewhere between the two extremes of those measured between 0.46 and 1.22 m. Therefore, there was no advantage in lowering the water table for crop growth on a high-water-table soil and doing so resulted in negative effects due to less water being available. These negative effects were not due to increased acidity on this cat clay. Since water table had no effect on soil pH, it may be that the sulfur compounds in this soil were not significantly labile.Key words: Solanum tuberosum L., cat clay, water table

scholarly journals Potato Yield, Net Revenue and Specific Gravity Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer under Different Canadian Agroecozones

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1392
Author(s):  
Judith Nyiraneza ◽  
Athyna N. Cambouris ◽  
Alison Nelson ◽  
Mohammad Khakbazan ◽  
Morteza Mesbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Net Revenue ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Potato Yields

Applying higher nitrogen (N) rates than required for optimum potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth leads to economic and environmental losses. The extent to which the N rate associated with maximum potato yields differs from that maximizing net revenue (NR) or potato specific gravity is not fully understood. The objectives of this three-year study (2013–2015) conducted at five sites in three Canadian provinces (MB-1; MB-2; QC-1; QC-2; PEI) (15 site-years) were to: (i) assess potato marketable yield, NR, and specific gravity responses to increasing N application; (ii) calculate the N rate maximizing marketable (Nmax) yield and NR using different statistical models. The year, N fertilizer, and their interaction were significant on marketable yield and NR except at the MB-1 site where no significant effect of N was observed. No significant yield increases were observed at a N rate above 60 kg N ha−1 at four site-years and above 120 kg N ha−1 at five site-years, implying that the current recommended N rate could be reduced. All models fitted the marketable and NR data equally based on R2, mean bias error or root mean square error and resulted in comparable predicted yield and NR values. However, Nmax values were different depending on the model with higher values being predicted by the quadratic- (161.4 to 191.9 kg N ha−1) and the quadratic plateau models (60 to 191.9 kg N ha−1), while lower Nmax values were obtained with linear plateau- (60.6 to 129.8 kg N ha−1) and Mitscherlich–Baule plateau models (60.9 to 130. 9 kg N ha−1). Nitrogen rate maximizing NR was on average 4% lower than the N rate maximizing marketable yields, except at one site where it was higher by 26 kg N ha−1 when the quadratic plus plateau model was used. Specific gravity tended to decrease with the N rate. Our study confirms trade-offs between the N rate maximizing yields or NR with that maximizing specific gravity. Nitrogen rate maximizing marketable yield and NR varies depending on the selected model.

scholarly journals FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL EFFICACY AS A FUNCTION OF APPLICATION TIME AND HERBICIDE DOSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. CIESLIK ◽  
R.A. VIDAL ◽  
A.B. MACHADO ◽  
M.M. TREZZI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bean Crop

ABSTRACT Grass weeds are common in summer crops and strongly decreases the grain yield of the common bean crop. The time of herbicide application influences the variability of environmental conditions and affects the product performance. The objectives of this work were to identify the time of fluazifop-p-butyl (fluazifop) application which gives best grass weed control in the common bean crop and to elucidate the environmental variables most important for the efficacy of this herbicide. Field experiments were conducted involving five application times (2 a.m., 6 a.m., 11 a.m., 4 p.m. and 9 p.m.) and five doses of fluazifop (80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 g ha-1), with additional no-herbicide control. At the time of the herbicide application it was determined the air temperature, relative humidity, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the leaf angle, whereas the weed control and the dry mass of the weed Urochloa plantaginea was assessed at 20 days after treatment (DAT). Efficacy on grass control with fluazifop was dependent on the herbicide dose and on the time of day that the product was applied. Spray at early morning hours (6 a.m.) showed better efficacy on weed control in relation to periods during warmer conditions of the day (11 a.m. and 4 p.m.). Nocturnal fluazifop application had better weed control when compared to herbicide sprayed in the afternoon. The air temperature, relative humidity and PAR were correlated to weed leaf angle, which correlated the most with fluazifop performance.

scholarly journals Globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) cross resistance to als-inhibitor herbicides under field conditions in irrigated rice in the south of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Schaedler ◽  
J.A. Noldin ◽  
D.S. Eberhardt ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
N.R. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The South ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
South Of Brazil

ALS-inhibiting herbicides usually provide adequate weed control in irrigated rice fields. After consecutive years of use, the Cyperaceae species, globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) began to show resistance to ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitors. Globe fringerush is one of the most problematic herbicide-resistant weeds in irrigated rice in the state of Santa Catarina in the South of Brazil. The objective of this research was to examine cross resistance of globe fringerush to ALS inhibitors, under field conditions. Two experiments were conducted in a rice field naturally infested with ALS-resistant globe fringerush in Santa Catarina, in the 2008/09 and 2009/10 cropping seasons. The experimental units were arranged in randomized complete block design, with five replicates, consisting of two factors (herbicide and dose) in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement. ALS herbicides included bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and penoxsulam. Six-leaf globe fringerush was sprayed with herbicide doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4X the recommended doses in a spray volume of 200 L ha-1. The number of rice culm, filled and sterile grains, plant height, dry shoot biomass and grain yield were recorded. Globe fringerush control was evaluated 28 and 70 days after herbicide application (DAA); shoots were harvested at 13 weeks after herbicide application and dry weight recorded. Competition with globe fringerush reduced the number of culm and rice grain yield. The globe fringerush biotype in this field was resistant to all ALS herbicides tested. Penoxsulam had the highest level of activity among treatments at 28 and 70 DAA, but the control level was only 50% and 42%, respectively, in the second year of assessment. This was not enough to prevent rice yield loss. Alternative herbicides and weed control strategies are necessary to avoid yield losses in rice fields infested with ALS-resistant biotypes of globe fringerush.

The Effect of Trifluralin Applied Preplant on Grass Weed Control and Establishment and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Scursoni ◽  
Emilio H. Satorre
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crop Planting ◽  
Grass Weed

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of preplant applications of trifluralin on barley stand and yield, and control of grass weeds in field experiments during 1992 and 1993. Factors examined were: (1) crop planting patterns (conventional drill with rows 15 cm apart and deep-seeder drill with rows 25 cm apart), (2) herbicide application times (22 d before sowing and immediately before sowing), and (3) herbicide application. During 1993, hand-weeded plots also were established. Trifluralin applied preplant at 528 g ai/ha reduced weed density and biomass. Weed control was higher under conventional planting than under the deep planting pattern, and there was no effect of the time of application on herbicide efficacy. There was no herbicide injury to the crop, and grain yield was higher in treated than in untreated plots due to successful weed control.

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