Potato production on a cat clay soil in relation to stable and uncontrolled water tables

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Barnett ◽  
M. R. Bullen ◽  
C. R. de Kimpe
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
High Water ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Water Tables

To study potato (Solanum tuberosum) response to drainage in a poorly drained high-S de l’Anse clay loam (sulfaquept), five or six cultivars were grown for 3 consecutive years on separate plots where the water table fluctuated naturally or was maintained at 0.46-, 0.76-, or 1.22-m depth during the growing season. As the fixed water table was maintained at progressively lower levels, marketable tuber (> 45 mm) yields declined linearly from 0.46 to 1.22 m in a year with normal July rainfall. Marketable yield plateaued at 0.76 m then decreased in years with wet or dry July periods. Specific gravity of the potatoes declined each year. The reduction was greater from 0.46 to 0.76 than from 0.76 to 1.22 m in the dry and wet years. In the wet year, there was a slight increase in specific gravity from 0.76 to 1.22 m. Soil temperature and soil pH showed no effect of water table reduction. Generally, the values for variables measured on the controls where the water table fluctuated naturally occurred somewhere between the two extremes of those measured between 0.46 and 1.22 m. Therefore, there was no advantage in lowering the water table for crop growth on a high-water-table soil and doing so resulted in negative effects due to less water being available. These negative effects were not due to increased acidity on this cat clay. Since water table had no effect on soil pH, it may be that the sulfur compounds in this soil were not significantly labile.Key words: Solanum tuberosum L., cat clay, water table

Acetic acid for weed control in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Potato Foliage

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are produced in all Canadian provinces, and interest has increased in the use of non-synthetic chemicals and organic techniques to provide weed control. Acetic acid has been suggested as a chemical that could potentially provide weed control in potato production. We examined glacial acetic acid and Ecoclear (30% acetic acid, 1.0% naptha solvent and 1.0% trimethyl benzene) for effectiveness in controlling weeds in potatoes when applied in a 30-cm-wide band over the potato row as well as their effect on potato yield components in three experiments repeated over 2 yr. The effects of time of application and volume of application were also examined. Glacial acetic acid at 10% concentration did not injure potato foliage, but at 20 and 30% concentration it injured emerged potato foliage. A concentration of 20% acetic acid was needed to provide acceptable weed control levels of lambs-quarters, corn spurry and wild buckwheat. Marketable yield was reduced by 20 and 30% acetic acid to below the standard herbicide treatment. Sequential applications of acetic acid at concentrations of 10, 20 or 30%, applied 7-10 d apart, caused slightly greater injury and yield was 10 to 15% less than in the single application. Ecoclear applied to emerged weeds and before potato emergence did not injure potato foliage, but when applied post-emergence it caused severe, but short lived, potato injury. Ecoclear gave greater than 80% control of lambs-quarters, corn spurry and wild radish. Potato marketable yield was comparable with that achieved with a herbicide and was reduced only in one year by Ecoclear applied post-emergence. Weed control was 18% or less when Ecoclear was applied at 200 L ha-1, 54 to 74% when applied at 400 L ha-1 and 91 to 95% when applied at 800 L ha-1 volume of application. Key words: Potato, acetic acid, EcoClear, weed control, application time, application volume

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of the Application of Urban Waste Compost and Other Organic Amendments on Solanum tuberosum L.

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
María Antonieta Escobedo-Monge ◽  
Santiago Aparicio ◽  
Marlene Fabiola Escobedo-Monge ◽  
José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Urban Waste

Background: In a Mediterranean agrosystem of low productivity, a study was carried out on the effects of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) compared to other organic and inorganic amendments on the production, quality and yield of three potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) and an advanced clone. Method: Simultaneously, the agronomic and nutritional parameters of the potato crop, the degree of bioavailability and the possible risks of heavy metal contamination were studied. Results: Two stages are observed in the yield and content of macro, micronutrients and heavy metals. The addition of all amendments and especially that of urban waste compost increased potato production and the content of macronutrients, micronutrients and heavy metals in the soils of all varieties, showing a progressive accumulation in tubers. Nevertheless, the performance is not maintained over time with a notable decrease during the second stage of its application. Conclusion: Highlighting the potato clone A7677 not only in its performance but also in the concentration of iron, zinc, copper, essential micronutrients for human consumption and especially for populations deficient in these trace elements.

THE EFFECT OF SEEDPIECE POPULATION AND HARVEST DATE ON YIELD AND ECONOMIC VALUE OF CARLTON POTATOES IN MANITOBA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025
Author(s):  
B. L. REX ◽  
W. A. RUSSELL ◽  
H. R. WOLFE
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Tuber Specific Gravity ◽  
Final Harvest

The effect of seedpiece population on Carlton potatoes for the early tablestock market was evaluated under rainfed conditions in southern Manitoba over the 1982, 1983 and 1985 growing seasons. Populations of 21.7, 26.3, 33.3, and 45.5 thousand seedpieces per hectare were harvested 75, 85 and 95 d after planting each year. Total and marketable tuber yields increased with population. Tuber specific gravity increased with population in 1982 and in the first two harvests in 1983, but no trends were observed in 1985 and in the final harvest in 1983. The incidence of hollow heart in marketable tubers was very low in all 3 yr, and was not related to seedpiece population or date of harvest. Net crop value (NCV) usually increased with successive harvests within each year, and generally showed a positive relationship with seedpiece population.Key words: Potato, Solanum tuberosum L., Carlton, seedpiece population, hollow heart, specific gravity

ESTIMATION OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITIES IN POTATO

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C.C. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection For

Seven quantitative traits of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were studied in a partial diallel cross experiment. Large specific combining ability effects were observed for total and marketable yields, total number of tubers, and number of marketable tubers. Large general combining ability effects were obtained for average weight per tuber, average weight per marketable tuber, and specific gravity. The SCA effect for specific gravity was also significant. It is suggested that the difference of combining ability performance noted above for the two yield components was due to a long history of directional selection for high yield and stabilizing selection for tubers within the marketable size range. There were low frequencies of both GCA and SCA effects showing significant difference from the population mean. This is interpreted as an affirmation of the narrow genetic base which exists in the present gene pool in Solanum tuberosum. Heritability estimates based on GCA effects indicated that parents can be efficiently selected for average tuber weight and specific gravity.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production in Molo Sub County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pauline Nyokabi Kamau ◽  
Geoffrey Kingori Gathungu ◽  
Rael Nkatha Mwirigi
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extension Services

This study focused on measuring farm level technical efficiency among smallholder Irish potato farmers in Molo Sub County and its determinants. Descriptive research design was applied. Cross-sectional data was collected through multistage sampling from smallholder Irish potato farmers located in Molo Sub County from April to June 2019. A Stochastic frontier approach assuming a Cobb-Douglas production function was adopted to analyze the level of technical efficiency and explain variations in this technical efficiency across farmers and estimation was done by applying the maximum likelihood method. Mean technical efficiency was 70.7%. The statistically significant variables with respect to the farm inputs were land (0.262), seed (0.629), fertilizer (-0.299) and fungicide (0.131) variables respectively. However, fertilizer variable had negative effects on Irish potato production. Education (-0.061), gender (-0.262), access to extension services (-0.078) and farmer group (-0.217) variables were significant and influenced technical inefficiency negatively.Increase in smallholder farmers’ literacy level, accessibility to extension services and farmer groups may improve Irish potato production technical efficiency. However, gender contribution towards Irish potato production technical efficiency needs a deeper understanding.

scholarly journals Obtaining of transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar IPB CP3 containing LYZ‐C gene resistant to bacterial wilt disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Pasmawati Pasmawati ◽  
Aris Tjahjoleksono ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important bacterial diseases in potato production. This study aimed to obtain the transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar IPB CP3, containing LYZ‐C gene encoding for lysozyme type C, resistant to bacterial disease caused by R. solanacearum. Genetic transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 to 124 internode explants resulted in the transformation efficiency of about 47.58% with a regeneration efficiency of approximately 30.51%. Gene integration analysis showed that 16 clones were confirmed as transgenic clones containing the LYZ‐C gene. Analysis of resistance to R. solanacearum of three transgenic clones showed that all three transgenic clones were more resistant than a non‐transgenic one. This result showed that the LYZ‐C gene integrated in the genome of transgenic potato increased the resistance of potato plants to R. solanacearum. We obtained two transgenic clones considered resistant to bacterial wilt disease.

Wet in the Anthropocene – a report of exceptionally stable hydrological conditions in a small bog over the last 1500 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Marcisz ◽  
Piotr Kołaczek ◽  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu ◽  
Mariusz Lamentowicz
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Table ◽  
High Water ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Target Number ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Ne Poland ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Resolution Reconstruction

<p>Over the last few hundred years peatlands worldwide are experiencing substantial drying that is lowering their carbon storage potential. However, our high-resolution reconstruction of hydrological changes in a small <em>Sphagnum</em>-dominated peatland show that we can still observe healthy bogs in the fragmented landscape of Europe (Marcisz et al., 2020). We investigated last 1500 years history of a bog located in a young glacial landscape in Central Eastern Europe (NE Poland) using a multi-proxy approach and high-resolution dating. Our reconstruction showed a rare case of hydrological stability in the peatland that did not experience any dry shift over the last 1500 years, allowing for an undisturbed growth of <em>Sphagnum</em>, stable microbial communities, and high peat accumulation rates. High water tables (>12 cm depth to water table) influenced high resilience of the bog which was not affected by disturbances (deforestations, grazing or farming). Our palaeoecological data suggest that nature conservation practices which target high water tables are essential to maintain peatlands as a sink and not as a source of carbon in the future, supporting an earlier study that concluded a ca. 11-12 cm water table depth as a target number for peatland protection (Lamentowicz et al., 2019).</p><p>References:</p><p>Lamentowicz, M., Gałka, M., Marcisz, K., Słowiński, M., Kajukało-Drygalska, K., Druguet Dayras, M., Jassey, V.E.J., 2019. Unveiling tipping points in long-term ecological records from <em>Sphagnum</em>-dominated peatlands. Biology Letters 15, 20190043.</p><p>Marcisz, K., Kołaczek, P., Gałka, M., Diaconu, A.-C., Lamentowicz, M., 2020. Exceptional hydrological stability of a <em>Sphagnum</em>-dominated peatland over the late Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 231, 106180.</p>

EFFECTS OF APPLIED NITROGEN ON YIELDS, TUBER SIZES, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF TWO POTATO CULTIVARS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MUNRO ◽  
R. P. WHITE ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
N Application ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Tuber Specific Gravity ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Sebago and Netted Gem) were grown at several locations on Prince Edward Island over a 5-yr period with rates of applied N from zero to 336 kg/ha. Significant yield responses to applied N occurred at all locations each year with each cultivar. At most locations, 112–134 kg N/ha was adequate for maximum yields. The response of the two cultivars to applied N was similar. Applied N up to 134 kg/ha increased the percentage yields of A-size tubers. Tuber specific gravity was affected by N application at only 8 of the 15 locations. Generally, excessive rates of applied N reduced specific gravity but rates sufficient for maximum yields were not deterimental.

scholarly journals Phytohormone Cross-Talk Synthesizes Glycoalkaloids in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Response to Aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) Infestation under Drought Stress

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Peter Quandahor ◽  
Yuping Gou ◽  
Chunyan Lin ◽  
Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coulter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Green Peach Aphids

Potato production is adversely affected by aphid infestation across the globe. Understanding the mechanism of host plant defense against aphids under drought stress is paramount for insect pest management. This study was conducted to examine the cross-talk of phytohormones in potato glycoalkaloids’ defense against green peach aphids under greenhouse conditions. A 3 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment comprising three potato cultivars (Qingshu 9, Longshu 3, and Atlantic) and two levels each of water availability and aphid infestation was conducted. The results show that under drought stress, green peach aphids thrive well on host plants, which contain a relatively high water content. The resistant cultivar DXY, which exhibited a higher level of phytohormones, also demonstrated higher α-chaconine and α-solanine contents in both leaf and root, under drought and aphid stress. Conversely, the susceptible cultivar QS9, which exhibited a lower level of phytohormones, also demonstrated low α-chaconine and α-solanine contents in both leaf and root, under drought and aphid stress. The DXY cultivar, which possessed high resistant traits such as α-chaconine and α-solanine, can be used in areas where green peach aphid infestation is a major setback.

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