Short-lived intercrop forages affect long-term yields of alfalfa and wildrye grass mixtures

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
A. J. Leyshon ◽  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
J. Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Widely seeded rows (>60 cm) of perennial grasses have exhibited greater long-term yield stability, but allow weed invasion in the first years after establishment. A 9-yr study was conducted at a semiarid site at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine the effects of intercropping oats (Avena sativa L.) and slender wheatgrass [Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners] between rows of Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], and Altai wildrye [Leymus angustus (Trin) Pilger] seeded in 90-cm spacings either alone or in alternate rows with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Two rows of oats depressed grass forage production in the year following establishment. Slender wheatgrass intercrops reduced grass forage yield and alfalfa forage yield. However, slender wheatgrass contributed to increased total forage yields while it persisted in the mixture. By the fifth year, it had disappeared from the Russian wildrye plots but persisted 2 more years when intercropped with Altai wildrye. Interseeded companion crops, either annual or short-lived perennials, for forage will give short-term yield gains, but long-lived perennial forages may not recover from the competition in the long-term. Key words: Avena sativa, Elymus trachycaulus, Psathyrostachys juncea, Leymus angustus, Medicago sativa, forage yield

Effects of including dry polyacrylamide gel with seed on establishment of alfalfa and Russian wildrye

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

To examine the possible benefits of crosslinked polyacrylamide gel when establishing forages in a semiarid environment, applications of dry gel in fine, medium and coarse granular forms were made at rates from 0.25 to 4.00 g m−1 of row with seed of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski] in each year 1992–1994 at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. The gel had no effect on seedling year establishment or first year forage production on a sandy-loam soil. On a nearby sandy-clay loam soil, in one of 3 yr with alfalfa, and 2 of 3 yr with Russian wildrye, the lowest gel rate decreased establishment compared with the check, with a further reduction as the rate of gel increased. Alfalfa forage yields were not affected. Gel application decreased Russian wildrye forage yield in 1 of 3 yr. Key words: Medicago sativa, Psathyrostachys juncea, forage yield, soil texture

Performance of short-lived perennial grasses grown with and without alfalfa at a semiarid location in southern Saskatchewan

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
R. Lemke
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Tyically, crop rotations in the semiarid region of the Canadian prairies do not include perennial forages because forage termination produces negative effects on subsequent annual crops. Three short-lived perennial grass species, Dahurian wildrye grass (Elymus dahuricus Turcz. Ex Griseb), intermediate wheatgrass [Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski] and slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners), were compared for their forage productivity and persistence as short duration (3 yr) forage stands, either in a mixture with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or in monoculture, in three trials at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Intermediate wheatgrass produced 29 and 22% more forage and was more persistent than Dahurian wildrye or slender wheatgrass, respectively. In alfalfa mixtures, however, the grasses produced similar forage yield in two of three trials. Intermediate wheatgrass was more persistent in mixtures but yield compensation by alfalfa grown with Dahurian wildrye and slender wheatgrass produced similar total forage yield as these grass stands thinned during the third year of each trial. Intermediate wheatgrass and alfalfa mixtures could be utilized for short rotation forage stands in high-input crop sequences where stand termination is achieved with herbicides. Dahurian wildrye and alfalfa mixture has the best potential for short-rotation forages in organic crop systems of this region because it would require less tillage to terminate the stand. Key words: Crop rotation, forage yield

Propoxycarbazone-Sodium and Imazapic Effects on Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Newly Seeded Perennial Grasses

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo M. Sbatella ◽  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Stephen F. Enloe ◽  
Charlie Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Russian Wildrye

AbstractVigorous stands of perennial grasses can effectively provide long-term control of many invasive plants on rangelands. However, in degraded conditions, successful reestablishment of perennial grasses can be compromised by invasive annual grasses, such as downy brome. Propoxycarbazone-sodium is a selective herbicide currently labeled for downy brome control in small grains, but its potential use on rangelands is unknown. Studies were conducted from 2004 through 2008 at three rangeland sites in Colorado and Nebraska to evaluate downy brome control and perennial grass injury with propoxycarbazone-sodium and imazapic. Propoxycarbazone-sodium provided satisfactory downy brome control with grass injury equal to or less than imazapic when rainfall followed the fall application. A second set of studies was conducted from 2007 to 2008 at Lingle, WY, and Scottsbluff, NE, to determine the plant-back interval and postemergence application response of seven perennial grass species to propoxycarbazone-sodium and imazapic. Grass tolerance to both herbicides was good when applied 90 and 120 d before planting (DBP). However, grass injury increased as plant-back interval decreased. The greatest impact on plant biomass was observed from herbicide applied at planting or after planting. Crested and intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatumandThinopyrum intermedium) biomass production was not affected when herbicides were applied 90 or 120 DBP. Western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) and Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) showed tolerance to imazapic applied before planting. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis), sheep fescue (Festuca ovina), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) showed the least amount of tolerance to propoxycarbazone-sodium and imazapic.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF ROW SPACING AND FERTILIZER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawrence ◽  
D. H. Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Drought Period

A study was conducted from 1947 to 1966 to determine the long-term effects of row spacings and applications of ammonium phosphate fertilizer (16–20–0) on the productivity and persistence of Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch.The optimum row spacing for highest seed production was 0.9 m, whereas for highest forage production it was 0.6 m. The 280-kg/ha rate of fertilizer significantly increased the seed and forage yield over the 151-kg/ha rate, which in turn significantly increased the yield over the zero fertilizer treatment.Increases in precipitation in August and September increased the seed yield of Russian wild ryegrass the following year. Significant positive correlations were found between forage yields and precipitation during March, April, May, and the previous September for practically all treatments.Width of row increased with age of stand. During the 19-year period there was still bare ground between the grass rows seeded 0.9 and 1.2 m apart. These areas of bare ground were slightly narrower when fertilizer was used, indicating that fertilizer application tended to accelerate row-width development.Russian wild ryegrass was found to have excellent cold tolerance, drought tolerance and persistence. It survived through a long drought period and resisted invasion by weeds and volunteer grass seedlings after the third crop year.

The evaluation of economically important traits of promising genotypes of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.)) in the south of Central Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
В.Ф. Кадоркина ◽  
М.С. Шевцова
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Green Mass Yield

Исследования проводились в сухостепной зоне Республики Хакасия в 2018–2020 годах с целью оценки и отбора перспективных селекционных образцов ломкоколосника ситникового по хозяйственно ценным признакам. Материалом исследований служили 16 образцов, высеянных семенами, и 8 сортообразцов вегетативного способа размножения, отобранных из питомника исходного материала 2015 года посева и в дальнейшем проанализированных в селекционных питомниках. В качестве стандарта взят сорт селекции Якутского НИИСХ Манчаары. В период вегетации проводились учёты и фенологические наблюдения за развитием растений. Работа проведена в соответствии с методическими указаниями по селекции кормовых культур. Исходя из биологических особенностей ломкоколосника ситникового, с целью увеличения урожайности семян для дальнейшей селекционной работы при вегетативном размножении их можно получить уже на второй год жизни. По основным показателям семенной продуктивности в селекционном питомнике вегетативного размножения отобраны образцы А 1, А 2, А 6 и А 12, также эти биотипы отмечены и по скороспелости: период от начала вегетации до созревания семян составил 88–94 дня. По кормовой продуктивности достоверная прибавка получена у А 1, А 2, А 6, А 10, А 12. В селекционном питомнике семенного размножения по основным показателям кормовой продуктивности выделены номера А 1, А 3, А 4.1, превышающие стандарт (сорт Манчаары) по продуктивности зелёной массы в 1,4–1,8 раза, по продуктивности сухой массы — в 1,2–1,6 раза. В этом питомнике образцы сформировали продуктивные стебли только на третий год жизни. The research was conducted in the dry steppe of the Republic of Khakassia in 2018–2020 to evaluate and select promising genotypes of Russian wildrye. The objects of this study were 16 genotypes grown from seeds and 8 genotypes of vegetative reproduction obtained from the nursery of parent material in 2015. Variety “Manchaary” from the Yakutian Agricultural Research Institute performed as the standard. Plant phenology was analyzed according to the recommended methods for forage crop breeding. To increase seed yield for plant breeding vegetative reproduction of Russian wildrye can be of great importance allowing seed production in the second year already. Genotypes A1, A2, A6, and A12 showed the highest seed productivity in the nursery of vegetative reproduction. They also were characterized by rapid maturation: the period from germination to maturation amounted to 88–94 days. A1, A2, A6, A10, and A12 had significant forage yield increase. Genotypes A1, A3, and A4.1 showed the best feed productivity in the nursery of seed reproduction. They exceeded the standard by 1.4–1.8 times in green mass yield and 1.2–1.6 times — in dry mass productivity. Genotypes formed productive stems only in the third year in the nursery.

Effect of plant density on the expression of the creeping-rooted character and forage yield of the lucerne (Medicago sativa) cultivar Cancreep

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Daday ◽  
A Grassia ◽  
J Peak
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of plant density, grass competition and weedicide spraying on the expression of the creeping-rooted character, crown development and on forage production of Cancreep were investigated in swards of hand-planted seedlings, and in a sown experiment. Higher percentages of creeping-rooted plants and increased crown development were found at low plant density whereas high plant density suppressed both creep and crown development. Weedicide spraying treatments increased the percentage of creeping plants in the sown experiment. The best survival rates of cocksfoot and optimum expressions of creep were also found at low densities when these species were grown in competition. The minimum mean crown diameter of plants initiating creep was 9.4 cm in the planted experiment. No significant difference was found between forage production of Cancreep and Hunter River in the sown experiment. The optimum sowing rate for Cancreep is about one kg ha-1, rows 30 cm to 60 cm apart and an application of the weedicide Diuron is recommended before the commencement of the winter after establishment.

EFFECT OF ROW SPACING ON BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND ABOVEGROUND HARVESTABILITY OF RUSSIAN WILDRYE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. LEYSHON ◽  
H. CUTFORTH ◽  
J. WADOINGTON ◽  
P. C. RYMES
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
Significant Yield

Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea [Fischer] Nevski) was grown in 15- and 60-cm row spacings at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Beginning in the third year after establishment and continuing for 4 yr, dry matter yields taken by machine were compared to yields taken by hand in a two-cut system. The machine harvested 54% of the available dry matter in the 60-cm rows but only 27% in the 15-cm rows. Apart from one cut in 1 yr, there were no significant yield differences due to row spacing when the forage was harvested by hand. The results indicate the need for more research on the effects of row spacing, especially with regard to the grazing animal.Key words: Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer) Nevski in Komarov, hand sampling, machine harvesting, plant morphology, forage yield

Productivity and sustainability of four grazed grass – alfalfa mixtures

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Holt ◽  
P. G. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Forage Yields

Forage grasses need to be evaluated in pasture trials in the Great Plains region of North America. The objective of this study was to compare four grass–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixtures for productivity and persistence when grazed during spring and summer. The grasses were Altai wildrye (Leymus angustus [Trin.] Pilger), intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia [Host] Nevski), meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm. syn. B. biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.) and Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys junceus [Fisch.] Nevski), with grass rows seeded perpendicular to the alfalfa rows. Two sites, 4 km apart, were grazed with yearling beef cattle from 1987 to 1993. Forage yield differed among grass treatments in 4 of 5 years, but differences were inconsistent over time. Five-year mean forage yields and total livestock production were not significantly different among the four grasses. Mean annual forage yields ranged from 800 to 8170 kg ha−1 and were related to the amount of growing season (April–August) precipitation. Carrying capacity ranged from 35 steer grazing days per hectare in 1992 to 176 in 1991. Grasses in the mixtures did have a significant effect on the grass–alfalfa ratio and on ground cover. Alfalfa content was highest when grown with Altai wildrye and lowest when grown with Russian wildrye. Percentage of ground cover by the grass plus alfalfa increased from an average of 3.8% in 1987 to 16.1% at one site and 31.9% at the second site by 1993. Russian wildrye contained the least alfalfa and weeds after 7 yr. Intermediate wheatgrass and Altai wildrye did not compete with invading weeds at one site, or with alfalfa at the other, and should not be recommended for spring–summer pastures in semiarid regions. Meadow bromegrass maintained a balance of grass and alfalfa and further research should confirm its persistence in semiarid climates. Key words: Leymus angustus, Elytrigia intermedia, Bromus riparius, Psathyrostachys junceus, Medicago sativa, grazing with cattle

scholarly journals A new model of two-sown regime for oat forage production in an alpine region of northern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longyu Hou ◽  
Wenming Bai ◽  
Qiangqiang Zhang ◽  
Yahong Liu ◽  
Hailian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
New Model

Abstract Demand for high forage production and quality of oat (Avena sativa L., A nuda L.) by animal husbandry has increased in recent years, especially in the cold regions of northern China, because these regions are the traditional animal husbandry base. To maximize high quality of forage production, we developed a new model of two-sown regime for oat forage during a single growing season in an alpine region of Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, using two early-matured oat species, Avena sativa (cv. Qinghai444, winner oat cultivar) and A. nuda (cv. Huazao2, spring oat cultivar). The key technologies and corresponding mechanisms in the first spring-sown and the second summer-sown were studied by measuring agronomic characteristics and forage quality and production. Furthermore, forage production and quality, resources use efficiency, and economic benefits were compared and quantified between two-sown regime and traditional one-sown regime across three consecutive years (2017–2019). We found that 1) the first sowing in spring was done when the thawing depth of soil at 10–13 cm occurred, and the forage yield was mainly achieved by an increase in plant height; 2) The second sowing after harvesting the first sowing oat forage was made in summer under no-tillage treatment, with the yield being mainly due to an increase in tiller density by increasing seeding rate; 3) Compared to traditional one-sown regime, dry weight yield, crude protein yield and relative feed value were significantly increased by 53.6%, 48.9% and 70.6% across three experimental years of 2017–2019, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that the two-sown regime of oat is an effectively way in improving forage production and quality as well as increasing benefits in an alpine region of northern China.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from fen soils used for forage production in northern Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 5221-5244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Poyda ◽  
Thorsten Reinsch ◽  
Christof Kluß ◽  
Ralf Loges ◽  
Friedhelm Taube
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Climatic Impact ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Abstract. A large share of peatlands in northwestern Germany is drained for agricultural purposes, thereby emitting high amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In order to quantify the climatic impact of fen soils in dairy farming systems of northern Germany, GHG exchange and forage yield were determined on four experimental sites which differed in terms of management and drainage intensity: (a) rewetted and unutilized grassland (UG), (b) intensive and wet grassland (GW), (c) intensive and moist grassland (GM) and (d) arable forage cropping (AR). Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 and fluxes of CH4 and N2O were measured using closed manual chambers. CH4 fluxes were significantly affected by groundwater level (GWL) and soil temperature, whereas N2O fluxes showed a significant relation to the amount of nitrate in top soil. Annual balances of all three gases, as well as the global warming potential (GWP), were significantly correlated to mean annual GWL. A 2-year mean GWP, combined from CO2–C eq. of NEE, CH4 and N2O emissions, as well as C input (slurry) and C output (harvest), was 3.8, 11.7, 17.7 and 17.3 Mg CO2–C eq. ha−1 a−1 for sites UG, GW, GM and AR, respectively (standard error (SE) 2.8, 1.2, 1.8, 2.6). Yield-related emissions for the three agricultural sites were 201, 248 and 269 kg CO2–C eq. (GJ net energy lactation; NEL)−1 for sites GW, GM and AR, respectively (SE 17, 9, 19). The carbon footprint of agricultural commodities grown on fen soils depended on long-term drainage intensity rather than type of management, but management and climate strongly influenced interannual on-site variability. However, arable forage production revealed a high uncertainty of yield and therefore was an unsuitable land use option. Lowest yield-related GHG emissions were achieved by a three-cut system of productive grassland swards in combination with a high GWL (long-term mean  ≤  20 cm below the surface).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document