Identification of allelopathic compounds from rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw and their biological activity

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Chung ◽  
J. K. Ahn ◽  
S. J. Yun
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

Experiments were conducted to identify allelochemicals from rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw extracts of four rice cultivars (Gin shun, Kasawala mundara, Philippine 2 and Juma 10), and to test their biological activity on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli P. Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the concentration and composition of allelopathic compounds depended on the cultivar. Among the compounds identified were p-hydroxybenzoic acid at 6.87 mg g–1 in Gin shun, p-coumaric acid at 0.34 mg g–1 in Kasawala mundara, ferulic acid at 0.05 mg g–1 in Philippine 2, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid at 6.34 mg g–1 in Juma 10. Preliminary identification by HPLC analysis resulted in peaks with retention times near those of standards, including p-hydroxybenzoic acid m/z = 138). This was confirmed with electron impact/mass spectra. In a bioassay with nine known allelochemicals and their mixtures, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10–3 M) showed the greatest inhibitory effect on barnyard grass seed germination, seedling length, and dry weight. This suggests that this compound may be a key factor in rice allelopathy on barnyard grass. Key words: Allelopathic compound, rice, barnyard grass, bioassay

Synthesis and Bioactivities of Poly N-Arenely-N’- (1,4-Butenelydioxycarbonyl)thioureas

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Wei Hong Wang ◽  
Hong Zhong ◽  
Xiao Yang Deng ◽  
Guang Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Gel Permeation

Four novel poly N-Arenely-N’-(1,4-butenelydioxycarbonyl)thioureas (3a~d) were synthesized by the reaction of aryldiamines with 1,4-butenlydioxycarbonyl diisothiocyanate. Their structures were characterized by IR spectra and gel permeation chromatography(GPC). The preliminary biological activity tests showed that some compounds display effect in growth regulation of plants and fungicidal activity to some extent. The compound 3a has excellent effect in growth regulation of plants, and its promotion ratio to Oryza sativa L.(rice) is 64.8% in dosage of 80 mg/L, its inhibition ratio to Echinochloa crus-galli L.(barnyard grass) is 83.2% in dosage of 60 mg/L. The antibacterial tests indicated that the title compounds have poor fungicidal activities using Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporium, Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as target fungi, but only did the compound 3a have a comparatively well antifungal activities against F. oxysporium and S. Sclerotiorum, and its inhibition ratios are 38.8% and 30.9% at 100mg/L, respectively.

scholarly journals Transfer of Arsenic from Groundwater and Paddy Soil to Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grain: A Micro Level Study in Chandina, Comilla

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md. Mohashin Farazi ◽  
Kohinoor Begum ◽  
Md. Serazul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Soil Arsenic ◽  
Micro Level

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major food crops in many countries. As the cultivation of rice requires huge volume of water, long term use of Arsenic contaminated groundwater for irrigation may result in the increase of arsenic concentration in the agricultural soil and eventually accumulation in rice grains. A micro level study was conducted to investigate the transfer of arsenic from irrigation water and soil to rice plants in the arsenic affected 8 unions of Chandina upazilla, Comilla district. The level of arsenic in irrigation water (0.12±0.08 and 0.67±0.07 mg l-1) was much above the WHO permissible limit of 0.01 mg l-1 for drinking water and FAO permissible limit of 0.10 mg l-1 for irrigation water. The total soil arsenic concentrations ranged from 3.21±0.80 to 8.74±2.83 mg kg-1 dry weight of soil, which was below the maximum acceptable limit for agricultural soil of 20.0 mg kg-1 as recommended by the European Community. The accumulation of arsenic in the grain ranged from 0.12±0.04 to 0.58±0.06 mg kg-1 in Boro and 0.16±0.04 to 1.06±0.20 mg kg-1 in T. Aman. Except grain sample (T. Aman) of one union, the grains in both Boro and T. Aman of all unions did not exceed 1.0 mg kg-1 dry weight of arsenic (the permissible limit of arsenic in rice according to WHO recommendation). Thus, till now rice has remained harmless for consumption in the study area. The results clearly showed that the arsenic content in the grains of Boro rice is correlated to the intensity of arsenic contamination of irrigation water and soil. The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 74-82

scholarly journals HERBICIDAL EFFICACY OF ROOT EXUDATES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) ON BARNYARD GRASS (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Prabhakaran J ◽  
Kavitha D
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Underground Part ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Germination And Growth

A laboratory study was conducted to assess the herbicidal potential of root exudates of three rice cultivars (ADT-36, BPT and IR-20) against germination and growth of common crop field weed, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.). Various concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20%) of root exudates were prepared from the underground part of rice cultivars from the postharvest rice fields. The studies revealed that all the three rice cultivars were exhibited significant inhibition on growth and development of weed species. Among the rice cultivars, ADT-36 exhibited the greatest inhibition on the seed germination (86%), seedling growth(83%), dry weight (81%) of barnyard cross than BPT and ADT-36. The percentage of inhibition on concentration depends. The order of inhibition of the rice cultivars was ADT-36 > BPT > IR-20 on barnyard grass.

scholarly journals Effects of lead on growth, yield and mineral nutrition of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
P Jasmin ◽  
WZ Prian ◽  
MN Mondol ◽  
SM Ullah ◽  
AS Chamon
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Lead Uptake ◽  
Positive Effects

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of lead (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg-1) on rice (Oryza sativa) and remediation of metal contamination by applying cow dung, poultry litter and lime to alleviate lead toxicity. The lengths, fresh and dry weights of shoot, root and macronutrients decreased with increasing level of lead compared to the control. The maximum reduction was observed in the pots treated with 200 mg kg-1 lead (19.50 and 20.03% for grain, 17.15 and 19.75% for shoot and 17.96 and 30.02% for root on the fresh and dry weight, respectively). The highest reduction in macronutrient content was observed in 200 mg kg-1 lead treated pot where N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations were reduced by 31.14, 47.44, 22.49, 21.84 and 31.58% for shoot and 28.95, 55.64, 37.5, 49.33 and 23% for root, respectively. On the other hand lead concentration in roots and shoots were increased with increasing lead treatment compared to the control. Treatments of the amendments (cow dung, poultry litter and lime) had positive effects though cow dung outshining the rest of them. This particular organic matter had considerable decreasing impacts in lead uptake by rice. Cow dung treated pots increased fresh and dry weight by 31.48 and 32.07% for grain, 14.08 and 35.30% for shoot and 57.09 and 34.48% for root compared to pot treated with 100 mg kg-1 lead. Cow dung remediated lead concentration by 48.85, 65.00 and 62.00% for grain, shoot and root, respectively. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 83-92

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance at Germination and Early Seedling Stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Islam ◽  
E Kayesh ◽  
E Zaman ◽  
T A Urmi ◽  
M M Haque
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought stress is a major constraint to the production and yield stability of crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as a drought-sensitive crop species. Within this species, there are considerable varietal differences in sensitivity to this environmental stress. An experiment was conducted at the laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Bangladesh during April to September 2016 to evaluate 100 rice genotypes for drought tolerance during germination and early seedling growth stage. The genotypes were tested against five levels of drought stress imposed by Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) @ 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design with four replications. The results showed that with increasing water stress, germination in all the genotypes decreased from 95.8% in control to 6.6 % in highest stress (20% PEG) level. Seedling height and dry weight also decreased in all rice genotypes with the increase in water stress level. Based on Standard Evaluation System (SES),18 genotypes were selected primarily. Among the 18 genotypes, Ratoil and Chinisakkar showed higher germination index, relative seedling height and relative seedling dry weight than the check drought tolerant BRRI dhan43 at 20% PEG. Beside these, performance of Kumridhan, Pusur and Somondori was also well at this level compared to BRRI dhan43. The genotypes Ratoil, Chinisakkar, Kumridhan, Pusur and Somondori showed the best performance under drought condition. The Agriculturists 2018; 16(1) 44-54

scholarly journals Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Grown on Tannery Effluent Polluted Soil Amended With Cowdung and Lime

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
N Afrida ◽  
AS Chamon ◽  
MK Hossain ◽  
GA Shimi ◽  
MN Mondol
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Lime Application

Pot experiments were carried out with rice (Oryza sativa L.) to evaluate the plant response of different amendments to ameliorate heavy metal toxicity. Cowdung and lime were applied at the rate of 10 ton/ha. Both cowdung and lime application led to an increase in growth of rice and significant reductions of Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr in plant. The length, fresh and dry weight and N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg concentrations in rice plants were increased significantly. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cr in rice grown on contaminated soils were significantly higher as compared to the control. Cowdung and lime significantly reduced Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cr concentrations in comparison to control. Chromium concentrations in lime treated plants were reduced by 57.89% in rice as compared to cowdung. Lime proved to be more efficient in reducing the concentration of metals in rice plants. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(2): 47-54

scholarly journals Foliar application of methanol influences on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) densities

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abouzar Abbasian ◽  
Bahram Mirshekari ◽  
Mohammad Naghi Safarzade Vishekaei ◽  
Varahram Rashidi ◽  
Hashem Aminpanah
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Barnyard Grass

scholarly journals Interferences of Inorganic Arsenic (III & V) on Growth and Development of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) With Special Emphasis on Root and Coleoptile Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Mondal ◽  
Priyanka Debnath ◽  
Debojyoti Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Arsenic Accumulation ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A short-term phytotoxicity experiment was conducted on four varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under the influence of arsenic (III & V) to evaluate the impact on root and coleoptiles growth. Four varieties (GB-1, IET-4786, IET-4094, and MTU-1010) of rice were undertaken for this study with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/L) of arsenic (III & V). Germination along with mean daily germination (MDG), length of root and coleoptile, water holding capacity of root and coleoptiles, fresh and dry weight, arsenic accumulation, MDA and root ion leakage were evaluated. Results highlighted that the percent germination of IET-4094 and MTU-1010 varieties of rice seed over control decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing concentration of both arsenite and arsenate. However, the percent germination of GB-I and IET-4786 dose not affected on the different concentration of both arsenate and arsenite. The root and coleoptile length of all the four varieties showed remarkable decreasing trend over control with increasing concentration of both arsenite and arsenate. However, more pronounced effects were observed for arsenite than arsenate. Similarly, biomass of shoot is less affected than root under different concentration of arsenite and arsenate. The variety IET-4786 and MTU-1010, accumulated lower level of arsenic and variety GB-1 accumulate higher level of MDA level in root under both arsenite and arsenate treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that the variety IET-4786 and MTU-1010 are the suitable varieties towards phytoremediation of both arsenite and arsenate. Moreover, farmers of arsenic contaminated area are recommended to cultivate IET-4786 and MTU-1010 varieties.

scholarly journals Weed control efficiency and weed index as influenced by weed management practices in machine transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1947-1952
Author(s):  
R. B. Negalur ◽  
A. S. Halepyati
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Row Space

Field experiment on effect of different weed management practices in machine transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) was conducted at ARS, Gangavathi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka during kharif, 2012 and 2013 under irrigated condition in clay soil. Pooled mean indicated that, application of butachlor 50 EC fb passing of power operated low land rice weeder twice at 20 and 30 DAT with hand weeding in intra row space recorded significantly lower grassy weed population and dry weight at 40, 60 DAT and at harvest (1.98, 2.47, 2.97/0.25 m2 and 1.00, 1.20, 1.47 g /0.25 m2, respectively), sedge weed population and dry weight (2.61, 3.21, 3.52 /0.25 m2 and 1.19, 1.48, 1.71 g /0.25 m2, respectively) and broad leaved weed population and dry weight (1.68, 2.10, 2.52 / 0.25 m2 and 0.91, 1.06, 1.28 g /0.25 m2, respectively). Significantly higher WCE (87.53%), lower weed index (3.11 %), grain and straw yield (5160 and 6482 kg ha-1, respectively), gross and net returns (Rs. 92,212 and 50,410 ha-1, respectively), and B:C of 2.22 over unweeded check. Hence, application of butachlor 50 EC fb passing of power operated low land rice weeder at 20 and 30 DAT with hand weeding in intra row space was found to be the best weed control method as it recorded higher B:C. Present conventional manual weeding is which is not advantageous as it is costlier, time consuming and labour may trample and damage rice seedlings. Mechanical weeder and sequential application can overcome the same.

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