scholarly journals HERBICIDAL EFFICACY OF ROOT EXUDATES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) ON BARNYARD GRASS (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Prabhakaran J ◽  
Kavitha D
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Underground Part ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Germination And Growth

A laboratory study was conducted to assess the herbicidal potential of root exudates of three rice cultivars (ADT-36, BPT and IR-20) against germination and growth of common crop field weed, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.). Various concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20%) of root exudates were prepared from the underground part of rice cultivars from the postharvest rice fields. The studies revealed that all the three rice cultivars were exhibited significant inhibition on growth and development of weed species. Among the rice cultivars, ADT-36 exhibited the greatest inhibition on the seed germination (86%), seedling growth(83%), dry weight (81%) of barnyard cross than BPT and ADT-36. The percentage of inhibition on concentration depends. The order of inhibition of the rice cultivars was ADT-36 > BPT > IR-20 on barnyard grass.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF WEED SPEICES AGERATUM CONYZOIDES L. AND CLEOME VISCOSA L. ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF SESAMUM INDICUM L

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Anbarasan R ◽  
Prabhakaran J
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Cleome Viscosa

Various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of aqueous extracts prepared from two weed species namely Ageratum conyzoides L. and Cleome viscosa L. and used for the present experiments to determine their allelopathic potential on growth and developmental changes on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The weed extracts showed an inhibitory effect on germination percentage, root and shoot growth, and fresh and dry weight of sesame seedlings. The extracts of A.conyzoides had more inhibitory effect at 20%concentration,than that of C.viscosa on growth parameters of sesame.

Identification of allelopathic compounds from rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw and their biological activity

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Chung ◽  
J. K. Ahn ◽  
S. J. Yun
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

Experiments were conducted to identify allelochemicals from rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw extracts of four rice cultivars (Gin shun, Kasawala mundara, Philippine 2 and Juma 10), and to test their biological activity on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli P. Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the concentration and composition of allelopathic compounds depended on the cultivar. Among the compounds identified were p-hydroxybenzoic acid at 6.87 mg g–1 in Gin shun, p-coumaric acid at 0.34 mg g–1 in Kasawala mundara, ferulic acid at 0.05 mg g–1 in Philippine 2, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid at 6.34 mg g–1 in Juma 10. Preliminary identification by HPLC analysis resulted in peaks with retention times near those of standards, including p-hydroxybenzoic acid m/z = 138). This was confirmed with electron impact/mass spectra. In a bioassay with nine known allelochemicals and their mixtures, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10–3 M) showed the greatest inhibitory effect on barnyard grass seed germination, seedling length, and dry weight. This suggests that this compound may be a key factor in rice allelopathy on barnyard grass. Key words: Allelopathic compound, rice, barnyard grass, bioassay

scholarly journals Comparison of the Allelopathic Potential of Leguminous Summer Cover Crops: Cowpea, Sunn Hemp, and Velvetbean

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Adler ◽  
Carlene A. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Germination And Growth

The phytotoxicity of aqueous foliar extracts and ground dried residues of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Iron Clay], and velvetbean [Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merr.] to crop and weed germination and growth was evaluated to compare the allelopathic potential of the cover crops. By 14 days after treatment (DAT), goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] germination with 5% aqueous extracts of all cover crops (w/v fresh weight basis) was similar and greater than 75% of control. However, with the 10% extracts, goosegrass germination was lowest with cowpea extract, intermediate with velvetbean extract, and highest with sunn hemp extract. Livid amaranth (Amaranthus lividus L.) germination declined to ≈50% with cowpea and sunn hemp extracts and even lower to 22% with velvetbean extract. The suppression of livid amaranth germination was greater with the 10% extracts than the 5% extracts. Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) germination was unaffected by velvetbean extract, inhibited more by the 5% cowpea extract than the 10% extract, and was also sensitive to the 10% sunn hemp extract. All cover crop extracts resulted in an initial delay in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) germination, but by 14 DAT, inhibition of germination was apparent only with cowpea extract. The phytotoxicity of ground dried residues of the three cover crops on germination, plant height, and dry weight of goosegrass, smooth amaranth (A. hybridus L.), bell pepper, and tomato was evaluated in greenhouse studies. Goosegrass germination was inhibited in a similar manner by residues of the three cover crops to 80% or less of control. Smooth amaranth germination, plant height, and dry biomass were more sensitive to sunn hemp residues than to cowpea and velvetbean residues. Bell pepper germination, plant height, and dry weight were greater than 90% of control except for dry weight with cowpea residue, which was only 78% of control. The greatest effect of cover crop residue on tomato occurred with dry weight, because dry weights with cowpea and sunn hemp were only 76% and 69% of control, respectively, and lower than with velvetbean. There was more evidence of cover crop phytotoxicity with the weed species than with the crop species and cowpea extracts and residue affected all species more consistently than those of sunn hemp and velvetbean.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA L. ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Prabhakaran J ◽  
Arumugam K
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Germination And Growth

Leaf extracts of Casuarina. equisetifolia L. was evaluated for its allelopathic influenced on rice cultivars viz. IR- 20 and TKM – 9. Leaf extracts was tested at 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentration. Seed germination, shoot length, biomass, chl - a , chl- b, carotenoids, starch, protein and amino acid contents were significantly reduced by leaf extracts and highest inhibition was observed in 20% concentration. But at lower concentration (2.5%), the seedling growth was slightly enhanced than control. The higher degree of germination and growth inhibition was observed in cultivar TKM-9 than IR-20.

Assessment of nutritive and antioxidant properties of some indigenous pigmented hill rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars of Assam

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanin Pathak ◽  
Syed Wasifur Rahman ◽  
Sudhansu Bhagawati ◽  
Bhabesh Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Selection Of

<span>Fourteen pigmented hill rice cultivars along with a non-pigmented one were studied for ascertaining the extent of their nutritional and genetic diversity. Moisture contents of the fourteen pigmented hill rice cultivars ranged from 7.49 to 10.10 % along w.ith the contents (% dry weight) of nutrients viz., crude fat (4.37 – 5.27) and crude protein (9.27 - 11.42). The corresponding range of values for the contents (mg/100g dry weight) of microminerals Zn and Fe were form 3.42 to 4.28 and from 3.21 to 4.18 respectively. The pigmented germplasm had anthocyanin content (mg cyanidine 3-O glucoside /100g) ranging from 3.58 to 7.86, total phenolic content (mg GAE/100 g)from 67.89 to 89.43, flavonoid content (mg QE/100g)from 57.75 to 78.74 and antioxidant activity from 19.56 to 29.29 %. Analysis of variance indicated that the varietal effect on each of the parameters studied was highly significant. There was significant correlation amongst the different parameters of the rice genotypes analysed. Results of the biochemical screening of these cultivars may lead to selection of promising candidates that can be used for developing improved lines in future breeding programmes.</span><br /><span> </span>

Phytoaccumulation potential and enzymatic activities of Oryza sativa L. genotypes exposed to Cr (VI) in hydroponic culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Giri ◽  
Prakash Chandra Mishra ◽  
Surjendu Kumar Dey
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Chromium Ions

In this work, the phytoaccumulation efficiency and enzymatic activities of various rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes exposed to differential concentrations of Cr (VI) have been studied. The cultivars experimented were Pratikshya, Sankar, Annapurna, White swarna and Pimpudibasa. The seedlings were raised with ¼ strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution prepared in deionised water supplemented with different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400µg/L) of hexavalent Cr as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) under controlled environmental conditions. The seedlings were harvested at 7 days intervals and parameters like root and shoot elongation, enzymatic activities and tolerance to chromium ions were measured after different periods of exposure. The highest concentration of Cr (VI) ions in shoots (9.92 µg/g dry weight) and roots (8.51µg/g dry weight) was found in Pratikshya exposed to 300 µg/L of Cr(VI) after 21 days of treatments. The growth parameters of five cultivars and tolerance to chromium were in the order of Pratikshya>Sankar>Annapurna>White swarna>Pimpudibasa. Cr(VI) toxicity was correlated with peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities of different rice cultivars. The interaction between chromium ions and rice cultivars biomass was studied using SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis.

INTERFERENCE OF ALLELOCHEMICALS OF THREE WEED SPECIES IN SEED GERMINATION, SEEDLING GROWTH, UPTAKE OF PHOSPHORUS AND ZINC IN THREE VARIETIES OF PADDY

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chakravarthy ◽  
K. Sharma ◽  
P.B. Rao ◽  
N. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Soluble Phenolics

Effect of the extracts of three dominant weed species viz., Phalaris minor Retz., Chenopodium album L. and Polygonum hydropiper L. were examined on the seed germination, seedling growth and nutrient uptake (32p and 65Zn) in Swarna, Jaya and N-359 varieties of paddy (Oryza sativa L.). The maximum reduction in terms of seed germination, radicle and plumule length and total seedling dry weight was caused by P. hydropiper and in terms of radicle and plumule dry weight by C. album. Among the three different varieties irrespective of weed extracts, Swarna was resistant in seed germination, plumule length, radicle, plumule and total seedling dry weight and Jaya was only for radicle length, whereas N-359 was found susceptible in length and total seedling dry weight. The allelochemicals also interfered in gradual decrease in uptake of both 32P and 65Zn with increasing concentration of the chosen three weed extracts, both in root and shoot. Among the three varieties of paddy, Jaya was susceptible for 32P but resistant for 65Zn whereas N-359 was resistant for both the ions. Water soluble phenolics such as gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic and vanillic acids were identified from these extracts. The inhibition may be due to these phenolics and other unidentified secondary metabolites in weed extracts. Key words: Germination, nutrient uptake, paddy, phenolics, seedling growth, weed extracts. Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. AND CYNODAN DACTYLON L. ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH RESPONSES OF SOME RICE CULTIVARS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Kavitha D
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

Weeds are enemies to the crop plants and have harmful effects on agricultural crops due to several factors such as competition for space, light and nutrients and allelopathy. In the present study,various concentrations (0,5,10,15,20 and 25%) of whole plant aqueous extractsof weeds, Cyperus rotundusL.( Purple nut sedge) and Cynodan dactylon(L.) Pers. (Bermuda grass) were tested for assessing their allelopathic potential on seed germination and seedling growth of some rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars i.e.ADT-36,BPT5204 and IR-20 using pot culture experiments. The experimental results revealed that all the concentrations of both the weed extracts had inhibition on germination percentage, seedling length, number of,dry weight and chlorophyll contents of 15 day old seedlings of all the three rice cultivars and the inhibitory effect of the extracts was concentration dependent. However, at 5% of C. rotundus and10% of C. dactylon extracts did notaffect seed germination of IR-20 . Among the rice cultivars,the higher degree of growth inhibition was observed in ADT-36followed by BPT-5204 and IR-20 . The weed C.rotundusexhibited more intense on growth suppression of rice cultivars thanC.dactylon.

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