Effect of seed damage and metalaxyl seed treatment on pythium seedling blight and seed yield of field pea

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
R. J. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
The Impact

When cool, wet conditions persist after planting, Pythium spp. can be an important constraint to stand establishment in field pea. Laboratory studies and field trials were conducted over 3 yr to assess the impact and evaluate the interactions of Pythium spp., metalaxyl seed treatment and damage to seed on seedling establishment, root rot severity and seed yield of field pea. Seedling emergence, seedling size, and seed yield were reduced by inoculation with Pythium spp. and by mechanical damage to the seed. Fungicide seed treatment reduced the impact of seed damage, but did not always restore seedling emergence and seed yield to the same level as from undamaged seed. Undamaged seed treated with metalaxyl was not affected by inoculation with Pythium spp. Differences among cultivars, although often significant, were small relative to the effect of seed injury. Laboratory studies showed a negative linear relationship between inoculum concentration and emergence from untreated seed. They also showed that Pythium spp. had a similar impact on seedling emergence in cool (20/10°C day/night) and cold (12/6°C) soils. This study showed that planting fungicide-treated, high-quality field seed was an effective means of maximizing emergence and stand establishment for commercial field pea production. Key words: Pisum sativum, seed vigour, metalaxyl, Pythium, seed damage

Effect of seeding date and depth, seed size and fungicide treatment on Fusarium and Pythium seedling blight of canola

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
S. E. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Seeding Date

Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Turnbull, G. D., Gossen, B. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2015. Effect of seeding date and depth, seed size and fungicide treatment on Fusarium and Pythium seedling blight of canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 293–301. Seedling blight has a substantial impact on stand establishment and productivity of canola (Brassica napus) on the Canadian prairies. The effects of seeding date, seed size, seeding depth, and seed treatment fungicides on seedling blight of canola caused by Fusarium avenaceum and Pythium ultimum were evaluated under field conditions. In the trials inoculated with P. ultimum, early seeding reduced seedling emergence and seed yield in all 3 yr of the study. However, the interaction of F. avenaceum with seeding date was not consistent; inoculation with F. avenaceum reduced seedling emergence in early seeded canola in 1 of 4 yr, but emergence was higher in early than in mid-seeded treatments in 2 yr and there was no difference among seeding dates in 1 yr. Late seeding reduced seed yield in 2 of 4 yr in the F. avenaceum study. Seed size and seeding depth generally did not have an effect on seedling establishment or seed yield for either pathogen. Seed treatment with Helix Xtra (thiamethoxam+difenconazole+metalaxyl+fludioxonil) and Prosper FX (clothianidin+carboxin+trifloxystrobin+metalaxyl) fungicides increased seedling emergence and yield compared with the F. avenaceum-inoculated control. Seed treatment with Helix Xtra also increased seedling emergence and seed yield compared with the P. ultimum-inoculated control. Manipulation of seeding date did not substantially improve stand establishment or yield of canola when inoculum pressure was high. Seed treatment was the most effective strategy for reducing losses caused by seedling blight of canola in fields infested with F. avenaceum or P. ultimum.

The effect of seed size, seed treatment, seeding date and depth on Rhizoctonia seedling blight of canola

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
S. E. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
The Impact

Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Turnbull, G. D., Gossen, B. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2014. The effect of seed size, seed treatment, seeding date and depth on Rhizoctonia seedling blight of canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 311–321. Rhizoctonia solani can have a substantial impact on seedling establishment and productivity of canola (Brassica napus). The effects of seeding date, seeding depth, seed size, and seed treatment on seedling blight of canola were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Early seeding resulted in higher seedling emergence in one trial year and higher seed yield in all trial years relative to a late-seeded treatment. Mid-sized seed (range 0.7–2.0 mm diam.) had greater seedling emergence in R. solani-inoculated growth medium in a greenhouse trial and higher seed yield in one of two field trials compared with smaller seed (<0.7 mm). In the greenhouse study, sowing of large seed resulted in greater plant height and shoot weight compared with sowing of smaller seed. The effect of seeding depth was significant only on shoot dry weight, which increased at a seeding depth of 2.6 cm. Seed treatment with Helix Xtra (thiamethoxam+difenconazole+metalaxyl+fludioxonil), and Prosper FX (clothianidin+carboxin+trifloxystrobin+metalaxyl) resulted in a significant increase in seedling emergence and yield compared with the inoculated control. These results indicate that fungicidal seed treatment can minimize the impact of R. solani on canola.

Etiology, impact and control of rhizoctonia seedling blight and root rot of chickpea on the Canadian prairies

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 959-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
R. J. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
The Impact

Studies were undertaken to assess the impact of seedling blight and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 on nodulation and seed yield of chickpea. The effects of pathogen inoculum concentration and seed damage on disease severity were also measured. Chickpea seedlings were grown under controlled-environment conditions in sterilized soil amended with pathogenic isolates of R. solani and in field plot experiments where the inoculum was incorporated with the seed at planting. In greenhouse experiments, emergence and dry matter production declined and root rot severity increased with increasing inoculum concentration. Root rot reduced nodulation where lesions covered more than 25% of the root surface. For chickpea cultivar Sanford this level of infection was sufficient to reduce root mass, but for the cultivar Tyson, more than half of the root was covered with lesions before root mass began to decline. In a comparison of seed treatment fungicides, thiram + carbathiin (Vitaflo 280) and carbathiin + thiabendazole (Crown at 6 mL of product kg-1 seed) significantly increased seedling emergence and seed yield compared to the inoculated control. In an assessment of the effects of seed damage, seedling survival and seed yield were similar for both healthy and mechanically damaged seed. Rhizoctonia solani has the potential to be an important constraint to chickpea production in the prairie region of western Canada. Key words: Rhizoctonia solani, Cicer arietinum, seed treatment, fungicide, seeding date

Effect of seeding date on canola seed quality and seed vigour

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
N. T. Nesbitt ◽  
K. J. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
The Impact

Seedling vigour is a key critical component to produce well-established canola (Brassica napus) seedlings under less than ideal conditions in western Canada. Our objective was to determine if seed lots from late October (fall) or early spring (April) seeding dates improve seed vigour relative to mid-May (May) seeding dates. We compared seed size, seed maturity, germination percentage, and seedling emergence under controlled-environment conditions from six seed lots obtained from fall-sown (1997, 1998), April-sown (1998, 1999) and May-sown canola (1998, 1999) cv. Quest. On average, 80% of fall-derived seed for both years was larger than 1.7 mm compared to only 32% for May-derived canola seed. April-derived seed was intermediate. Fall and April derived seed were considered 40% mature compared to 16% for May-derived seed. In germination tests at 8°C, May derived seed germinated and emerged slower with a lower total germination percentage compared to falland April-derived seed lots. Priming reduced differences in emergence between the seed lots. Field studies at Scott, SK, sown in the fall of 1999 and 2000, and in early May of 2000 demonstrated that seed derived from fall- and April-sown canola produced higher plant densities, higher biomass at bolting, and higher seed yield than seed derived from May-sown canola. Yield was 10 to 45% less from seed derived from May-sown canola than seed derived from fall- and April-sown canola. This study established the impact of seeding date on seed quality and vigour, which in turn affected emergence, seedling vigour and yield. Also, seed vigour slowly declined within 1 yr, primarily with seed derived from the May-sown canola. Key words: Canola, Brassica napus, vigour (seed), seeding (fall), emergence, yield (quality)

Management strategies to reduce losses caused by rhizoctonia seedling blight of field pea

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pea Seedlings

Seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in stand density of field pea on the Canadian prairies. Ninety-four isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were obtained from soil samples collected from 37 pea fields in 1999 in Alberta, Canada. Sixty isolates were characterized as anastomosis group (AG)-4 and 12 isolates as AG-2-1. Some of these isolates caused severe pre-emergence damping-off and were classified as highly pathogenic; 41 of the 44 highly pathogenic isolates were AG-4 and three were AG-2-1. Two highly pathogenic AG-4 isolates were used to assess the effect of inoculum density on survival and growth of field pea seedlings, and the impact of seeding date, seeding depth, soil temperature, seed damage, seed treatments and seeding density on seedling blight and root rot injury. As inoculum density increased, so did root rot severity, while seedling establishment, shoot dry weight and root dry weight declined. Under controlled conditions, seedling establishment in the noninoculated control increased as soil temperatures increased, but establishment and growth declined in inoculated treatments. In a temperature gradient study, seedling infection was highest when mean daily temperatures were 17.5°C or higher. In field trials over 8 station years, delayed seeding often resulted in reduced seedling establishment in inoculated treatments, although this trend was not consistent across sites or years. Seed yield consistently declined with later seeding dates. Seed treatment with fungicides (carbathiin + thiram, metalaxyl) improved establishment and productivity in inoculated treatments, especially where seed was damaged prior to planting. Seeding depth had no impact on root rot severity. Emergence and seed yield increased with seeding density, but increasing density beyond 90 seeds m-2 did not result in proportionately higher yields. These results indicate that a combination of seed treatment and early seeding can reduce Rhizoctonia injury to pea seedlings under field conditions. Key words: Pisum sativum, Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4), management, seeding depth, seeding rate

scholarly journals Treatment of soybean seeds with molybdenum and inoculant: nitrate reductase activity and agronomic performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Ewerton Gewehr ◽  
Otávio De Oliveira Corrêa ◽  
Anna Dos Santos Suñé ◽  
Gabriel Bandeira Duarte ◽  
Luciano Do Amarante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Presence And Absence

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of molybdenum and inoculant application via seed treatment in soybean, and their role in the nitrate reductase enzyme activity, agronomic traits and physiological quality of the produced seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The treatments were shaped by five doses of molybdenum (zero; 16; 32; 48; 64 g.100kg-1 of seeds) combined with the presence and absence of liquid inoculant (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), at a dose of 200 mL per 100 kg of seeds. The evaluations of nitrate reductase activity, agronomic traits and physiological seed quality were performed in the present work. The measured agronomic traits were: plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seed per plant and thousand-seed weight. Standard germination test was executed to evaluate the produced seed viability. First germination counting, accelerated aging test, cold test, plantlet shoot and root length, plantlet shoot and root dry mass, and field seedling emergence were utilized to measure the seed vigour. Molybdenum, both in presence and absence of inoculant, positively influenced the enzymatic activity, for both vegetative and reproductive stages. The addition of inoculant and molybdenum provided increase in the vigour of the produced seeds. The enzyme activity was positively correlated with the agronomic traits and vigour tests. The addition of inoculant and molybdenum in the seed treatment provides a better expression of nitrate reductase activity and vigour of the produced seeds.

Impact of tillage on field pea following spring wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Carr ◽  
G. B. Martin ◽  
R. D. Horsley
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Tillage is being reduced in semiarid regions. The impact of changing tillage practices on field pea (Pisum sativum L.) performance has not been considered in a major pea-producing area within the US northern Great Plains. A study was conducted from 2000 through 2005 to determine how field pea performance compared following spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in clean-till (CT), reduced-till (RT), and no-till (NT) systems arranged in a randomized complete block at Dickinson in southwestern North Dakota. Seed yield increased over 1600 kg ha-1 in 2000 and almost 400 kg ha-1 in 2003 under NT compared with CT, and by 960 kg ha-1 in 2000 under NT compared with RT (P < 0.05). Differences in seed yield were not detected between tillage systems in other years. Plant establishment was improved as tillage was reduced, averaging 66 plants m-2 under NT and RT compared with 60 plants m-2 under CT management. The soil water conservation that can occur after adopting NT may explain the increased seed yields that occurred in some years. These results suggest that field pea seed yield can be increased by eliminating tillage in semiarid areas of the US northern Great Plains, particularly when dry conditions develop and persist. Key words: Zero tillage, field pea, cropping system, N-fixation, legume

Impact of Cobalt Application Methods on Chickpea Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Status of Soil

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Onte ◽  
Nitin N Gudadhe ◽  
Nilima Karmakar ◽  
Raju G. Ladumor
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
The Impact

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2015-2016 at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari to study the impact of cobalt application methods on chickpea yield, nutrient content and soil status. Four cobalt application methods with three levels of each were evaluated with one absolute control and one with seed priming of water were evaluated with randomized block design with three replications. Least level of seed treatment, soil application and foliar application of cobalt gave highest chickpea seed yield and decreased there after. As cobalt levels increased, NPK content and uptake are decreased linearly in all the methods except seed priming method, however cobalt content and uptake increased linearly by seed treatment and foliar application, on the contrary it decreased linearly by seed priming and soil application of cobalt. Soil application of cobalt at 50 g ha-1 recorded highest chickpea seed yield, residual NPK and Co and which can be useful for succeeding crop and this can be recommended from the cobalt nutrition point of view in plants and animals followed by seed priming at 1 ppm.

Impact of seeding rate and depth on mycosphaerella blight and seed yield of field pea

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
H. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
The Impact

Mycosphaerella blight (Mycosphaerella pinodes) occurs throughout western Canada and can severely reduce field pea (Pisum sativum) seed yield. Field trials were conducted at two sites (Edmonton, AB, and Morden, MB) from 2001 to 2003 to assess the impact of seeding rate and seeding depth on blight severity. Mycosphaerella blight severity in the canopy was greater at higher seeding rates; treatments seeded at 30 plants m-2 had lower levels of disease than those seeded at more than 100 seeds m-2. However, yield potential was reduced at low seeding densities. Depth of seeding did not affect seedling density, disease severity, yield or final seed weight. In addition, field trials were conducted at Edmonton to quantify yield losses associated with mycosphaerella blight in Alberta. In trials inoculated with M. pinodes, application of a foliar fungicide (chlorothalonil) increased yield by about 20% over the unprotected control. Key words: Pisum, Mycosphaerella, fungicide, crop management, yield loss

scholarly journals Biological Control of Pathogens Causing Root Rot Complex in Field Pea Using Clonostachys rosea Strain ACM941

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen G. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea

Pea root rot complex (PRRC), caused by Alternaria alternata, Aphanomyces euteiches, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi, F. solani f. sp. pisi, Mycosphaerella pinodes, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major yield-limiting factor for field pea production in Canada. A strain of Clonostachys rosea (syn. Gliocladium roseum), ACM941 (ATCC 74447), was identified as a mycoparasite against these pathogens. When grown near the pathogen, ACM941 often was stimulated to produce lateral branches that grew directly toward the pathogen mycelium, typically entwining around the pathogen mycelium. When applied to the seed, ACM941 propagated in the rhizosphere and colonized the seed coat, hypocotyl, and roots as the plant developed and grew. ACM941 significantly reduced the recovery of all fungal pathogens from infected seed, increased in vitro seed germination by 44% and seedling emergence by 22%, and reduced root rot severity by 76%. The effects were similar to those of thiram fungicide, which increased germination and emergence by 33 and 29%, respectively, and reduced root rot severity by 65%. When soil was inoculated with selected PRRC pathogens in a controlled environment, seed treatment with ACM941 significantly increased emergence by 26, 38, 28, 13, and 21% for F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi, F. solani f. sp. pisi, M. pinodes, R. solani, and S. sclerotiorum, respectively. Under field conditions from 1995 to 1997, ACM941 increased emergence by 17, 23, 22, 13, and 18% and yield by 15, 6, 28, 6, and 19% for the five respective pathogens. The seed treatment effects of ACM941 on these PRRC pathogens were greater or statistically equivalent to those achieved with thiram. Results of this study suggest that ACM941 is an effective bioagent in controlling PRRC and is an alternative to existing chemical products.

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