Effects of day and night air temperature in early season on growth, productivity and energy use of spring tomato

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos ◽  
Xiuming Hao
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Effects of air temperature on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) growth, yield and heating energy consumption were investigated in spring of 1993 and 1994. Tomato plants were grown under nine day/night air temperature regimes formed by factorial combination of three day (19, 20 and 21°C) and three night (16, 17 and 18°C) heating temperature set points. Early (until 30 April) fruit yield increased but early fruit size decreased with increasing daily average air temperature (MT, 24-h mean). The plants grown under high daily average air temperature early in the season had lower fruit yield late in the season. Plants grown under high night air temperature (NT) and low day air temperature (DT) during the early production period achieved high fruit yield in early season and avoided the negative effects of high MT on early fruit size; these plants also had high yield and large fruit size late in the season. The different day and night heating temperature regimes studied caused no more than 10% in heating energy use variation. Therefore, for greenhouse tomato production under Great Lakes conditions (approx. 42°N), the optimal day/night air temperature (from January to April) is 20.8–21.0/18.5–19.0°C (actual air temperatures). Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, tomato, yield, quality, fruit size, daily average air temperature (MT), day-night air temperature difference (DIF), day air temperature (DT), night air temperature (NT)

Use of Lycopersicon cheesmanii and L. chmielewskii to increase dry matter content of tomato fruit

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Poysa
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Solids Content

Advanced lines and backcrosses from interspecific hybridization of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with six L. chmielewskii (Rick, Kesicki, Fobes and Holle) and L. cheesmanii (Riley) accessions were evaluated in the field over 2 yr for soluble solids content (SSC), total solids content (TSC), fruit yield and fruit size to determine the effectiveness of combining elevated solids levels with high fruit yield and size following early generation selection. More than a quarter of the lines had significantly higher SSC levels than the recurrent tomato parent, Purdue 812 (P812). Several lines combined high SSC and TSC with high fruit yield and large fruit size to produce more dry matter yield per hectare or per fruit than P812. Two backcrosses were optimal for combining high SSC and high yield. SSC and TSC were negatively correlated with fruit size and, to a lesser degree, with fruit yield. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, soluble solids, total solids

Effects of day and night air temperature on growth, productivity and energy use of long English cucumber

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos ◽  
Xiuming Hao
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Development Rates

To determine the optimum air temperature regime for greenhouse seedless cucumber production under North American conditions, the cvs. Corona (in the spring of 1990 and 1992) and Aramon (in the spring of 1992) were grown under nine day/night temperature regimes composed of a factorial combination of three day (18, 21 and 24 °C; DT) and three night (16, 18 and 20 °C; NT) heating temperatures, at a common 24 °C ventilation temperature. Plant development rates (leaf and flower number) were linearly increased with increasing daily average air temperature (MT), but not affected by day–night air temperature difference (DIF), indicating that plant development rates increased with increasing air temperature regardless of DT or NT. Specific leaf weight decreased with increasing DT or NT, and leaf photosynthesis rates decreased with increasing DT. Therefore, high DT or NT promoted the growth rates of young cucumber plants mainly through increasing leaf area ratios. Early and final yields of Corona were mainly affected by MT, not by DIF, while early and final yields of Aramon were mainly increased by DIF. Fruit size increased with increasing MT. Optimum MT for Corona fruit production was 19 °C heating temperature, at a 24 °C ventilation temperature. Optimum day/night air temperature regime for Aramon fruit production was at 21/16 °C day/night heating temperature, at a 24 °C ventilation temperature. Key words: Cucumis sativus, growth, yield, fruit size, daily average air temperature, day-night air temperature difference

scholarly journals Yield and Fruit Quality Traits of Mamey Sapote Cultivars Grown at Two Locations in Puerto Rico

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
David Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fruit Quality Traits

The demand for tropical fruits has increased significantly during the last decade as consumers seek healthy and more diverse food products. There is a lack of formal experimentation to determine yield performance and fruit quality traits of mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota) cultivars. Six mamey sapote cultivars (Copan, Magaña, Mayapan, Pace, Pantin, Tazumal) grown on Ultisol and Oxisol soils were evaluated for 5 years at Corozal and Isabela, PR, respectively. There was a significant difference in the number and weight of fruit per hectare between locations, averaging 25,929 fruit/ha and 16,527 kg·ha−1 at Corozal and 17,887 fruit/ha and 11,920 kg·ha−1 at Isabela. ‘Tazumal’ had the highest 5-year mean number and weight of fruit per hectare, but fruit of this cultivar was very small and contained several seeds, which could reduce its marketability. At Corozal, cultivars Tazumal and Magaña had significantly higher fruit yield per hectare than the rest of the cultivars, whereas ‘Magaña’, ‘Tazumal’, and ‘Pantín’ had the highest fruit yield at Isabela. At both locations, ‘Pantin’ had relatively high yield, above-average soluble solids concentration values, and adequate fruit size and weight for domestic and export markets (650–900 g), making this cultivar suitable for planting at various agroenvironments typical of the humid tropics.

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on fruit yield and quality of processing tomatoes

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Warner ◽  
T. Q. Zhang ◽  
X. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Available N ◽  
Processing Tomato

Four processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars (CC337, H9230, H9492 and H9553) were field-grown in southwestern Ontario using five N fertilization rates in each of 4 yr (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 in 1999 and 0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1 in 2000, 2001 and 2002). Total fruit yield increased linearly as N rate was increased except in 2001, which was a dry year. Responses of marketable yield to fertilizer N rate were dependent on cultivar and the year. In years when sufficient soil water was available, N fertilizer rates of 200 kg ha-1 or higher were required to produce the maximum marketable yield for the four cultivars. In the dryer years, the response to fertilizer N rate was cultivar dependent, and the application of 150 to 200 kg N ha-1 was sufficient to maximize marketable yield. Fertilizer N above the rate required for maximum marketable yield increased green fruit yield at harvest. Nitrogen rate did not affect the soluble solids (SS) content, firmness, size or colour of marketable fruit. Differences in yield and fruit quality were noted among cultivars. H9553 was the highest-yielding cultivar. H9230 had the largest fruit size. CC337 generally had the best red fruit colour and the lowest percent SS. H9492 generally had the highest percent SS. To attain maximum marketable yields, it appears that N rates should be adjusted based on cultivars, anticipated rainfall levels and availability of irrigation. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, processing tomato, nitrogen fertilization, yield, quality

scholarly journals Performance of Strawberry Varieties Developed for Perennial Matted-Row Production in Annual Plasticulture in a Cold Climate Region

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
High Yields

Annual plasticulture production of strawberries promises superior weed control, fruit quality and yields. However, strawberry varieties adapted for perennial, matted-row production and local markets in cold climate regions have not been widely tested for adaptation to an annual production cycle. Productivity of seven short-day varieties developed for matted-row and/or annual production was examined in an annual plasticulture system in two consecutive trials in central NY (lat. 42.87° N, long. 76.99° W) harvested in 2013 and 2014. ‘Flavorfest’ demonstrated good performance in Trial 1 with high yield (390 g/plant) and large fruit size (13.9 g mean berry weight). ‘Jewel’ was shown to be well adapted to the annual plasticulture system with consistently high yields (330 and 390 g/plant) that equaled or surpassed other varieties and had moderate fruit size. ‘Chandler’ performed similarly to previous trials conducted in warmer regions with yield (340 g/plant) and fruit size (9.8 g mean berry weight) similar to ‘Jewel’. ‘Clancy’ yielded less but was consistent from year to year. The late season varieties Seneca and Ovation showed marked variability between years, possibly due to drastically different temperatures during flowering and fruit development in Trial 1 compared to Trial 2. High temperatures in Trial 1 likely caused higher early fruit yield, a compressed season and a precipitous decline in fruit size in the later season, thus reducing yield in the late season. Survival after a second dormant period was poor resulting in a small second harvest and reduced fruit size. Overall, the system demonstrated many of the expected benefits but may be more sensitive to weather conditions in the region. While many varieties developed for matted-row production may work well in an annual plasticulture system, not all varieties are equally adapted. Performance of each variety should be determined independently before large scale adoption by growers.

Alternative Vine Management Programs for Fresh-Market Potatoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-641
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Lemke ◽  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Daniel J. Heider ◽  
Richard A. Rittmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Tuber Skin ◽  
Mechanical Methods

AbstractEconomically solvent fresh-market potato production is predominantly dependent on the ability to efficiently produce consistent tuber quality and high yield, and the ability to meet first-to-market demand with early-season potatoes. Unfortunately, these two qualifiers often work against each other in terms of production management. In response, we studied integrated potato vine management programs that support timely early-season potato harvest. Vine management with a flail chopper, roller, and flame burner used alone or followed by diquat was evaluated when initiated 21 or 14 d prior to harvest in 2015 and 2016. Potato varieties included ‘Yukon Gold’ and ‘Dark Red Norland’. Potato leaf and stem management, as well as tuber skinning, stolon separation, grade, and yield were quantified. Among mechanical methods, potato leaf and stem management were poor when vines were rolled or mowed but better when flail chopped. In general, vine management and tuber skin set was better when treatments were initiated 21 d prior to harvest as opposed to 14 d. Vine management, tuber skin set, and yield were comparable when potato vines were flail chopped followed by flame burning and where diquat was applied twice, offering a viable program for smaller scale or organic production.

scholarly journals Resistance to Beet Armyworm, Hemipterans, and Liriomyza spp. in Lycopersicon Accessions

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford D. Eigenbrode ◽  
John T. Trumble ◽  
Richard A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Foliage Weight

Accessions of Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme (Dun.) A. Gray (cer) and L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill. (pimp), sustained significantly less damage to fruit by beet armyworm [Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner)] than standard cultivars and breeding lines of L. esculentum Mill. (esc) under natural infestations in 1990 and 1991 in southern California. The dwarf vine cherry cultivar Tiny Tim also sustained less damage than the standards. Accessions of esc with various monogenic mutations sustained at least as much beet armyworm damage as did standard cultivars. The percentage of fruit damaged was significantly correlated with vine weight, weight per fruit, number of fruit, and the fruit-foliage weight ratio (Pearson's coefficients, respectively: -0.533, 0.450, -0.483, 0.390, n = 37). In laboratory assays, survival of beet armyworm was significantly lower (5% of susceptible& growth rates were significantly lower, and development time was significantly longer on the fruit of resistant `Tiny Tim' and LA 1320 cer than the fruit of 11 other test lines. There were no substantial differences in beet armyworm survival on the foliage of the test lines. In the field trials, there were also significant differences among the test lines in damage by Liriomyza species and hemipteran pests. Lines with genes for increased densities of nonglandular leaf trichomes (especially LA 1663) were generally less damaged by Liriomyza than other lines. Damage by hemipterans was correlated with vine and fruit size, fruit count, and fruit-foliage weight ratio in 1991, but high intraseason variability prevented clear identification of test lines resistant to these pests.

scholarly journals Agrometeorological characteristics of spring oat varieties created in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
M.N. Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Optimal Average

An agrometeorollological assessment of five oat varieties (Megion, Talisman, Otrada, Foma, Tobolyak) of the breeding of the Northern Trans-Urals Research Institute of Agriculture - branch of the TyumSC SB RAS is given. The effect of the average daily air temperature and precipitation on the growth and development of plants has been established. The sensitivity of varieties to temperature is estimated. It was found that the optimal average daily air temperature during the sprout – ear emergence period was 16.4 … 16.8°C, during the ear emergence – waxy ripeness period - 17.5…19.4°C. The sums of effective temperatures over 10°C necessary for optimal growth and development of oat varieties are calculated. Varieties Megion, Talisman, Foma and Tobolyak in the period of sprout – ear emergence required a greater amount of effective temperatures (705.2…747.0°C) than in the period of ear emergence - wax ripeness (611.2…640.2°C). In the Otrada variety, the need for heat was slightly higher in the second interphase period (717.5°C) compared to the first (705.6°C). The optimal amount of precipitation required for the formation of a high yield (189.4…243.6 mm) is calculated. To realize the genetic potential of the Talisman and Otrada varieties, most of the precipitation is necessary during the sprout – ear emergence period, and the Megion, Foma and Tobolyak varieties - during the period of ear emergence - waxy ripeness.

Estimation of development times for immature stages of the bush fly, Musca vetustissima Walker (Diptera: Muscidae), and their simulation from air temperature and solar radiation records

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Vogt ◽  
J.M. Walker ◽  
S Runko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Rate Model ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Constant And Fluctuating Temperature

AbstractImmature stages of bush fly, Musca vetustissima Walker, were reared at constant temperatures ranging from 18°C to 39°C. Mean egg to adult development times ranged from 7.0 to 25.8 days. Eggs, larval instars I, II and III, and pupae averaged, respectively, 3.1, 4.4, 5.5, 36.4 and 50.6% of the total development time. Mean development rate was a non-linear function of temperature. A non-linear development rate model accurately estimated mean development times of immature stages under both constant and fluctuating temperature regimes. Simulation of dung pad temperatures, from air temperature and solar radiation records, predicted development times of soil- and dunginhabiting stages of M. vetustissima to within 4% of those observed under field conditions.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and trait relationship in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Dunnal) A. Gray)

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
HC Mohanta ◽  
MR Ismail ◽  
MY Rafii ◽  
MA Malek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additive Gene

Nine traits of 11 cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray) inbred lines exhibited a wide range of genetic variability. High geno- and phenotypic coefficients of variation were obtained for individual fruit weight (68.16 and 74.23%, respectively) followed by number of fruits/plant (58.8 and 68.34%, respectively). High estimates of heritability, genetic advance and genotypic coefficient of variation for the traits of individual fruit weight, number of fruits and clusters/plant were controlled by additive gene action indicating the possibility of selection to improve these characters. Fruit yield/plant showed low heritability along with low genetic advance and did not show significant and positive correlation with the remaining characters. It indicates that improvement of high yield through selection is difficult, rather hybridization can be effective for improving the fruit yield/plant. Among the lines, CH154 produced the highest number of fruits/plant (291) and highest fruit yield (1.89 kg/plant and 63.4 t/ha) and can be selected for cultivation under Bangladesh condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13443 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 163-167, 2012 (December)

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