Physical sod suppression as an alternative to herbicide use in pasture renovation with clovers

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seguin ◽  
P. R. Peterson ◽  
C. C. Sheaffer ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Forage Yields

Using herbicides for sod suppression during pasture renovation by legume sod-seeding often results in the loss of potentially usable forage, weed encroachment, and inadequate legume:grass ratios. Physical sod suppression methods could alleviate some of the problems associated with suppression via herbicide. A study was conducted in Québec, Canada, to investigate, as an alternative to herbicide, sod suppression by sheep grazing or mowing before and after spring no-till seeding of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) or white clover (T. repens L.). Sod-suppression treatments included six physical suppression methods: mowing or sheep grazing, to 5 or 10 cm, at seeding and when the grass sward reached 30 cm during the first 2 mo of clover establishment, or similarly managed mowing or sheep grazing to 5 cm with an additional defoliation the previous fall. Additional treatments included suppression by herbicide (glyphosate [N-(Phosphonomethyl) glycine] at 2.6 kg a.i. ha–1) and two controls: sod-seeding with no sod suppression and no seeding. Among the physical suppression treatments, grazing and mowing to 5 cm resulted in highest clover densities, similar to those achieved via herbicide suppression. Red and white clover had similar plant densities. Yield components and total forage yields varied with sites. Clover yields tended to be higher with herbicide than under physical suppression treatments. However, increasing the severity of physical suppression increased clover yields. Weed encroachment was observed only with herbicide sod suppression. Unlike suppression with herbicide, physical suppression did not decrease total forage yields in the renovation and post-renovation years when compared with controls. Forage quality was increased in the renovation year by both physical suppression methods and herbicide when compared with unrenovated controls; but the increase was greater with herbicide suppression. Only the most severe of the physical suppression methods sustained increased forage quality in the year after renovation. Timely mowing or grazing as methods for suppression of grass sod during renovation with legumes appear to have potential, but cannot yet be recommended as alternatives to herbicide. Key words: Clover, forage, grazing, pasture renovation, sod-seeding

scholarly journals Estimation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage quality parameters depending on the cut, stage of growth and cultivar

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Marković ◽  
Ratibor Štrbanović ◽  
Mirjana Petrović ◽  
Bora Dinić ◽  
Milomir Blagojević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

The effect of cultivar on the changes in protein quality during wilting and ensiling of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KRAWUTSCHKE ◽  
N. WEIHER ◽  
J. THAYSEN ◽  
R. LOGES ◽  
F. TAUBE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
True Protein

SUMMARYRed clover (Trifolium pratense L.) silage usually contains lower contents of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compared with other forage legumes. This is often attributed to the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in red clover, although in most field studies the PPO activity was not measured. Therefore, a laboratory ensiling experiment with three red clover cultivars and one white clover cultivar as control grown in two management systems (with and without mechanical stress) over 2 consecutive years was conducted. Fresh, wilted and ensiled clover herbage was sampled at four cutting dates per year to determine the crude protein (CP) fractions according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. The specific PPO activity was measured photometrically in fresh clover leaves. The content of CP fraction A (NPN) increased from fresh over wilted to ensiled clover herbage at the expense of the content of CP fraction B (true protein), irrespective of species, cultivar and year. The most important source of variation for all CP fractions and the calculated rumen-undegradable protein contents was generally the herbage condition, except for CP fraction C (unavailable protein). White clover silage consisted of higher contents of CP fraction A and lower contents of CP fraction B3 in CP compared with red clover silage. As a result, the calculated rumen-undegradable protein content of white clover silage was lower than that of all red clover cultivars. In conclusion, the extent of proteolysis during ensiling among the silages made from the herbage of different red clover cultivars was primarily influenced by the stage of maturity at harvesting and the degree of wilting at ensiling. The variation in specific PPO activity could not be related to the extent of proteolysis.

scholarly journals Estimation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage quality parameters dependingon the variety, cut and growing year

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Drobná ◽  
J. Jančovič
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Crude Fibre Content

A field trial was conducted to determine the nutritive value of eight Slovak and Czech red clover varieties and to quantify the effects of variety, cut and year on red clover forage quality. The differences between forage quality of the evaluated red clover varieties were significant for protein supplied when energy is limited in the rumen (PDIE), intestinal digestibility of rumen non-degraded protein (dsi), net energy values and ash content (P < 0.01). The achieved results show that the surpassing forage quality was given by diploid Viglana variety with high protein and energy values. The forage of tetraploid varieties Javorina and Dolina was outstanding in protein content, but had the lowest energy values. The nutritive value was significantly affected by cut. The first cut provided forage with a significantly lower (P < 0.01) crude protein (CP) content, CP digestibility, degradability of CP (degNL), protein supplied when nitrogen is limited in rumen (PDIN), PDIE and with a significantly higher crude fibre content and energy values (P < 0.01). The differences between varieties were more pronounced in the second and in the third cut. Significantly higher (P < 0.01) PDIE, PDIN, degNL, net energy values and ash contents were found in the first production year.

scholarly journals The persistency evaluation of Czech varieties of Red (Trifolium pratense L.) and Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Hejduk
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Red clover is the most important forage legume in the Czech Republic. It is an unassuming species to climatic and soil condition, is suitable for mixtures with grasses and it is above other grassland species in forage quality. The most serious problem of red clover in grasslands is its lack of persistency (2–4 years). Considering of red clover growing area on arable land decrease and area of permanent grasslands increases, becomes persistency of varieties important attribute. The persistency of all Czech varieties was evaluated on the basis of dominance proportion investigation after 3 winters. Assessed varieties were established in mixture with grasses (60:40%). Significantly most persistent varieties were Amos 4n (24.5%), Dolina 4n (20.25 %) and Radegast 4n (19.25%). Varieties of Alsike clover were not significantly different from varieties of red clover.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF LEGUME AND GRASS COMPONENTS IN MIXED GRASSLANDS GROWN IN THE CENTRAL BALKAN MOUNTAIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
T. Bozhanska ◽  
B. Churkova
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Mixed Grasslands

PURPOSE of the present study is to establish the growth, development and competitiveness of grass and legume components in mixed grasslands grown under the conditions of the Central Balkan Mountains. METHODS: In the spring of 2014-2016, the growth and development of typical meadow legumes and grass species for that region were observed in the experimental field of RIMSA - Troyan, in double mixtures: 1. Bird's-foot-trefoil - Red fescue; 2. White clover - Perennial ryegrass; 3. White clover - Kentucky bluegrass; 4. Red clover - Timothy-grass; 5. Blue hybrid alfalfa - Cock's foot; 6. Red clover - Meadow fescue. RESULTS: From all grass crops - Dactylis glomerata L. has the most pronounced competitive ability with respect to the biometric height indicator of plants, while Poa pratensis L. has the slightest one. For the three-year study period, Trifolium repens L. in its mixture with Lolium perenne L. recorded the lowest average growth values compared to the other legumes included in the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The best intercompatibility and, respectively, the most favorable combination of grass and legume components is found between Trifolium pratense L. and Festuca pratensis L., and the weakest among the components in the blue hybrid alfalfa - cock's foot mixture. The length of the flower-bearing stems and leaf stalks of Trifolium pratense L. in the mixed grassland with meadow fescue have higher values (41.8:89.0 cm) and those with timothy-grass are lower (38.1:52.5 cm).

EFFECT OF THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE ON YIELD OF FOUR FORAGE LEGUMES UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Willis ◽  
L. S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Foliage yields of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were reduced by root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. and Stekh, 1941]. Foliage yields generally decreased with increased infestation levels. Significant yield reductions were recorded at the time of first cutting for white clover and birdsfoot trefoil, but not until several cuts later for red clover and alfalfa. Mean yields of birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, alfalfa, and white clover infested with 7,500 nematodes per pail were 50, 73, 83, and 93%, respectively, of control yields.

The effects of white clover mosaic virus infection on the yield of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in mixtures and in pure stands

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
White Clover Mosaic Virus ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship ◽  
Mosaic Virus Infection

SUMMARYThe effects of white clover mosaic virus infection on the yield of two red clover varieties grown alone and in mixtures with either perennial or hybrid ryegrasses were examined. The spread of this virus within the pure clover plots was rapid. Clover drymatter yields were reduced and these losses were greater in the grass–clover mixtures than in the pure clover plots. Reductions in yield of about 70% were recorded at the first cut in mixtures of Sabtoron and Sabrina. The response of the clover to different levels of virus infection was best described by a negative linear relationship.Yields of Sabrina hybrid ryegrass increased as the levels of virus infection in the clover increased. This compensated for the losses in yield of the legume, leaving total sward yields unaffected by the virus.

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