EFFECT OF THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE ON YIELD OF FOUR FORAGE LEGUMES UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Willis ◽  
L. S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Foliage yields of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were reduced by root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. and Stekh, 1941]. Foliage yields generally decreased with increased infestation levels. Significant yield reductions were recorded at the time of first cutting for white clover and birdsfoot trefoil, but not until several cuts later for red clover and alfalfa. Mean yields of birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, alfalfa, and white clover infested with 7,500 nematodes per pail were 50, 73, 83, and 93%, respectively, of control yields.

PERFORMANCE OF SOD-SEEDED TEMPERATE LEGUMES IN GRASS DOMINANT SWARDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
A. J. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Temperate Legumes

Small plot experiments and field scale trials were conducted to determine the establishment and growth of sod-seeded alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (T. repens L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) in fine sandy loam soils on Prince Edward Island. Both pasture and hayfield managements were included. A John Deere PowrTill 1500 drill was used for sod-seeding and various combinations of grazing, herbicides, and clipping were used for vegetation suppression during establishment of the legumes. Sod-seeded red and white clovers established the best and were the most productive species. It was estimated that in the postseeding year sod-seeding of clovers resulted in yields comparable to stands fertilized with 100-150 kg N∙ha−1 annually. Trefoil and alfalfa had variable establishment and usually made a limited contribution to sward productivity. Timothy sod-seeded in conjunction with red clover, white clover or alfalfa established satisfactorily with all three legume species used.Key words: Pasture renovation, red clover, white clover, alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, sod-seeding

INFLUENCE OF FENSULFOTHION AND FENAMIPHOS ON ROOT LESION NEMATODE NUMBERS AND YIELD OF FORAGE LEGUMES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. THOMPSON ◽  
C. B. WILLIS
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

A field study was made of the effects of three rates of fenamiphos [ethyl-3-methyl-4-(methylthio) phenyl (1-methylethyl) phosphoramidate] and fensulfothion [O,O-diethyl O-(p-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl) phosphorothioate] on root lesion nematode numbers (Pratylenchus spp.), and on forage yields of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Both nematicides, at the rates tested (fensulfothion − 11.2, 22.4 and 44.8 kg/ha; fenamiphos − 5.6, 11.2 and 22.4 kg/ha) reduced populations of root lesion nematodes in the soil, as well as in rootlets of the three forage legumes. Seeding year yields were increased by both nematicides. Neither nematicide resulted in substantial yield increases at the time of the the first cut (June) of the second growing season, but did result in considerably increased yields at the time of the second and third cuts. At the same rates of application, fenamiphos provided better control of nematodes than did fensulfothion, particularly with increasing time following treatment. The larger total yield increases for the two growing seasons from fenamiphos-treated plots were coincident with better root lesion nematode control. Fewer alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil and red clover taproots were infected by Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in fenamiphos-treated plots, where there were fewer root lesion nematodes, than in check plots. Laboratory tests indicated that field rates of fensulfothion and fenamiphos were not fungicidal to a number of soil fungi, including Fusarium spp. and R. solani, found associated with forage legume roots.

scholarly journals Invasion and reproduction by rootlesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) differs among selected lines of red clover (Trifolium pratense)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. Papadopoulos ◽  
J. Kimpinski ◽  
K.B. McRae ◽  
B.R. Christie ◽  
C.E. Gallant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Eighteen cultivars and breeding lines of red clover (Trifolium pratense) were evaluated in a greenhouse study for their relative response to inoculation by the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans). The incidence of plants invaded and the nematode concentration in the roots were generally related but not always. One cultivar (Florex) had a low incidence of plants being invaded, but a high concentration of nematodes in the roots of invaded plants. Three entries (CRS 15, CRS 5, and CRS 11) displayed a low incidence of plants being invaded and a low concentration of nematodes in the root. One cultivar, AC Kingston, was judged to be highly susceptible, while the remaining entries had differing invasion incidences and differing concentrations of root-lesion nematodes in the roots.

Selective behaviour in cattle grazing pastures of strips of birdsfoot trefoil and red clover. 2. The effects of sward maturity and structure

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. E. C. POLI ◽  
J. HODGSON ◽  
G. P. COSGROVE ◽  
G. C. ARNOLD
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Partial Preference ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour ◽  
Selection Of

The effects of manipulation of sward maturity on ingestive behaviour and diet selection of grazing cattle were tested in two experiments using legumes which are equally preferred by cattle. Yearling heifers, in groups of three, grazed plots formed by alternate 2·4 m wide strips of a mixture of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (BW) and strips of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (RC). The treatments comprised four combinations of each of the two swards at two contrasting levels of maturity/height replicated over four successive 3-day periods, in an order which balanced the effect of previous treatments. Observations of the distribution of grazing activity and biting rate were made over 3-hour periods each evening and in the morning of Day 2.Rate of biting was generally greater on immature than mature swards, and on BW than on RC, with little evidence of interactions between these effects. The animals demonstrated partial preference throughout the two studies, the proportion of grazing time devoted to BW being 0·40±0·010 in Expt 1 and 0·47±0·017 in Expt 2. The distribution of grazing time between sward type and maturity combinations was influenced progressively by herbage mass and height contrasts as strips were grazed down. An overall analysis using the results from these studies and a companion experiment indicated differences between studies in partial preference for BW and RC which appeared to be related to variations in sward morphology.

COLOR INFRARED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY TO IDENTIFY FORAGE LEGUMES IN HAY FIELDS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. BASU
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Image Characteristics ◽  
Mixed Crop ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Agricultural Areas

In September 1977 and 1978, color infrared (CIR) aerial photographs of mixed agricultural areas (approx. 132.7 km2) near Vernon and Carp, Ontario, and of forage legume test plots at Ottawa were taken at a scale of 1:6000. Extensive ground surveys were conducted within 2 wk after the photographic flights to verify CIR images of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), vetch (Vicia spp.) grasses and their mixtures in the original transparencies. A number of photographic image characteristics of legumes and grasses have been illustrated by which a reliable identification and subsequent quantification of legume components were made, particularly in fields that showed decline of a crop or when the individual components grew as separate patches in the same field. Photo-interpretation difficulties existed in distinguishing the components in a very uniformly mixed crop and recently cut fields.

The effect of cultivar on the changes in protein quality during wilting and ensiling of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KRAWUTSCHKE ◽  
N. WEIHER ◽  
J. THAYSEN ◽  
R. LOGES ◽  
F. TAUBE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
True Protein

SUMMARYRed clover (Trifolium pratense L.) silage usually contains lower contents of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compared with other forage legumes. This is often attributed to the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in red clover, although in most field studies the PPO activity was not measured. Therefore, a laboratory ensiling experiment with three red clover cultivars and one white clover cultivar as control grown in two management systems (with and without mechanical stress) over 2 consecutive years was conducted. Fresh, wilted and ensiled clover herbage was sampled at four cutting dates per year to determine the crude protein (CP) fractions according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. The specific PPO activity was measured photometrically in fresh clover leaves. The content of CP fraction A (NPN) increased from fresh over wilted to ensiled clover herbage at the expense of the content of CP fraction B (true protein), irrespective of species, cultivar and year. The most important source of variation for all CP fractions and the calculated rumen-undegradable protein contents was generally the herbage condition, except for CP fraction C (unavailable protein). White clover silage consisted of higher contents of CP fraction A and lower contents of CP fraction B3 in CP compared with red clover silage. As a result, the calculated rumen-undegradable protein content of white clover silage was lower than that of all red clover cultivars. In conclusion, the extent of proteolysis during ensiling among the silages made from the herbage of different red clover cultivars was primarily influenced by the stage of maturity at harvesting and the degree of wilting at ensiling. The variation in specific PPO activity could not be related to the extent of proteolysis.

COMPARISON OF YIELD COMPONENTS OF RED CLOVER AND ALFALFA

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. BOWLEY ◽  
C. T. DOUGHERTY ◽  
N. L. TAYLOR ◽  
P. L. CORNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Selection For

Yield components of five regrowth cycles, two in 1981 and three in 1982, of three red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) populations and three alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars were compared in swards. Red clover left more stubble but produced less herbage and accumulated total yield (herbage, stubble and 10 cm depth root) at a slower rate than alfalfa during most regrowths. The percent leaf at flowering of red clover was similar to that of alfalfa. Maximum LAI declined during successive regrowths each year. Maximum crop growth rates were 30 and 34 g m−2 d−1 for red clover and alfalfa, respectively. Stem development (canopy height) followed patterns of accumulation of herbage yield. The initiation of stems was slower in red clover and stem populations were less than that of alfalfa. Selection for faster stem initiation rates, higher stem populations, and reduced partitioning of dry matter towards stem bases which would be left as stubble were suggested as ways of increasing the herbage yield of red clover.Key words: Trifolium pratense L., Medicago sativa L., yield components, growth analysis clover (red), alfalfa

scholarly journals Influence of previous crops and nematicide treatments on root lesion nematode populations and crop yields

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kimpinski ◽  
L.M. Edwards ◽  
C.E. Gallant ◽  
H.W. Johnson ◽  
J.A. MacLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

A field study assessing the influence of the previous crop, the crop sequence, and aldicarb treatments on root lesion nematode populations and crop yields was carried out in Prince-Edward-Island, Canada. The most recent crop had the greatest impact on nematode numbers. The crop sequences had an influence in some cases on root lesion nematode populations (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans) and on crop yields. In commercial barley (Hordeum vulgare) fields, root lesion nematodes in roots were greatest when barley followed a red clover (Trifolium pratense) timothy (Phleum pratense) ley, and stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus spp., primarily T. dubius, and Merlinius spp.) were more common when barley followed barley. The combined dry weight of foliage and grain was larger when barley was planted after potato (Solanumtuberosum) and smaller when barley followed barley or a red clover-timothy mixture. Under experimental field conditions, root lesion nematode populations were largest in barley roots when barley followed potato and grain yields were smallest when barley followed barley. Changes in nematode populations in potato were not associated with crop sequences. Potato tuber yields were higher in the sequences that began with wheat (Triticum aestivum) or barley than in the sequences that began with potato or soybean (Glycine max). Aldicarb reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes in roots with concomitant yield increases in potato and soybean.

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