Effect of seeding rate on seed production of perennial ryegrass after establishment with a grain companion crop in the Peace River region of north-western Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Companion Crop ◽  
Viable Seeds

A field study in the Peace River region of north-western Canada evaluated the effect of seeding rate on the seed yield and quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in the year after establishment with a grain companion crop. Each of two sites was sown with 70 kg ha–1 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and under-sown, in 30-cm rows, with three cultivars (All*Star, Barclay and Repell) of diploid perennial ryegrass at seeding rates of 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400 and 4800 viable seeds m–2. During the establishment year of the perennial ryegrass, the grain yield of the barley companion crop was comparable to commercial yields for the region. Time of seed maturity, seed yield and thousand-seed weight of perennial ryegrass were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the seeding rate, but were by cultivar. There was a significant (P ≤ 0.01) seeding rate × cultivar interaction for fertile tiller density and specific seed weight. Seed dockage differed significantly (P ≤ 0.001) among cultivars (16.7–27.9%) and increased with seeding rate (19.8–24.2%), and the germination capacity of the harvested seed was unaffected by seeding rate or cultivar. Grass seed yield was positively associated with fertile tiller density for each cultivar (r = 0.454***, n = 72 for All*Star; r = 0.364***, n = 72 for Repell; and r = 0.719***, n = 72 for Barclay). Compared with the other cultivars, Barclay matured 13 –15d later, had the lowest density of fertile tillers (1330 m–2), the highest seed dockage (27.9%) and the lowest seed yield (345 kg ha–1). All*Star had the highest seed yield (774 kg ha–1), the lowest seed dockage (16.7%), and the highest thousand-seed weight (1.55g). Repell was intermediate in seed yield (633 kg ha–1) but similar to All*Star, rather than Barclay, in other characteristics. The later maturity, creeping habit and prostrate stature of Barclay may have reduced its ability to produce fertile tillers and seed as efficiently as the other two cultivars at this northern latitude. In the Peace River region, there is potential for under-seeding a spring grain crop with perennial ryegrass for the production of successive harvests of grain and grass seed, provided the cultivar of perennial ryegrass is adequately adapted for seed production. The seeding rate for the perennial ryegrass is not particularly critical and 150–300 viable seeds m–2 should be adequate for diploid perennial ryegrass grown in rows with a grain companion crop. Key words: Perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., grass seed production, grass seed quality, seeding rate, grain companion crop

Effects of water and nitrogen on seed production of creeping red fescue

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Seed Crops

In order to address a paucity of information, a study was conducted in the Peace River region of northwestern Canada to determine the effects on seed production of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) of six water treatments [natural precipitation and 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200% of the average, cumulative, long-term precipitation (LTP) of 459 mm yr-1] in combination with four N-fertilization regimes (zero + 102, 34 + 68, 68 + 34, and 102 + zero kg ha-1 N for the first + second crops, respectively). The 2-yr seed yield exceeded 2900 kg ha-1 when N was supplied to just one of the two seed crops, viz. with 150 to 200% LTP when N was applied only to the first seed crop, and with 125 to 150% LTP when N was applied only to the second seed crop. Under the prevailing, long-term, moisture environment at the study site (100% LTP), total seed yield over two production years was greatest (2136 kg ha-1) with 68 + 34 kg ha-1 N. The effects of the water and N treatments on seed yield were not associated with the mass of root organic matter recovered after the harvest of the second seed crop. These results confirm, and begin to quantify, numerous visual observations in the Peace River region that seed yields of creeping red fescue are restricted by insufficient precipitation. Key words: Creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra, grass seed production, nitrogen fertility, water, soil moisture

scholarly journals Performance of Field Pea and Lentil When Intercropped with Faba Bean and Chickpea in the Peace River Region of Alberta, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kabal Singh Gill ◽  
Darcy Boisvert
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Total Seed

Research information concerning intercropping legumes with non-legumes for seed production is extensively available, but concerning legume-legume intercropping is from tropical areas only. Field pea and lentil tend to lodge as they reach maturity and this can result in harvesting difficulties as well as reduced seed yield and quality. The objectives of this study were to assess crop response and seed production when field pea (Pisum staivum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) were intercropped with lodging resistant faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), in the Peace River region of Alberta, Canada. The combinations of lentil+faba bean, lentil+chickpea, field pea+faba bean and field pea+chickpea intercrops; and their sole crops were tested in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Seeding rates were either 75 or 100% of lentil and field pea; and either 50 or 75% of faba bean and chickpea for intercrops; and 100% for sole crops. Compared to the seed rates in the intercrops, the plant counts were similar or slightly lower for lentil and field pea sole crops, while they were similar or lower for faba bean and chickpea sole crops. Plant height of lentil and field pea was similar in sole crops and intercrops, while faba bean and chickpea were stunted in some intercrop treatments. There was reduced lodging of lentil and field pea in the intercrops compared to sole crops in 2016 and 2017, which could provide better harvesting conditions. Compared to sole crops, the seed yield and land equivalent ratio (LER) of individual crops in the intercropping treatments were similar or slightly lower than the seeding rates for lentil and field pea, while they were similar or noticeably lower for faba bean and chickpea. There was very little gain in the total seed yield and total LER values from the intercrops in 2015, due to very dry weather conditions. However with adequate rain in 2016 and 2017, the lentil intercrops provided greater total seed yield and total LER than the sole crops, but the gains in the total seed yield and total LER from the field pea intercrops over the sole field pea were small and not consistent. Overall, the results indicate a potential for improving seed yield and total LER over the sole crops of lentil by intercropping with faba bean and chickpea.

scholarly journals The effect of vegetation area size on grass seed yield

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savo Vuckovic ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Branko Cupina ◽  
Ivana Stojanovic ◽  
R. Stanisavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
The World ◽  
Seed Yields

This paper surveys sowing norms (row spacing and seed rate) in both our country and the world, as well as the optimal seed rates in grass seed production. It gives a short overview of row spacings and seed rates applied in our and some other countries. Earlier, grass cultivated for the purpose of seed production was grown on small vegetation area. According to some researches, high seed yields can be achieved by cultivating grass on large vegetation area. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the highest cocksfoot, timothy, meadow fescue, tall fescue seed yield was achieved with plants grown in 50 cm spaced rows employing lower seed rates (8 and 4 kg/ha of seeds). The highest Italian ryegrass and perennial ryegrass seed yield was achieved with plants grown in 20 cm spaced rows employing 20 kg/ha of seeds.

Effects of fall dormancy of alfalfa on seed production at a northern latitude

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
D. T. Fairey ◽  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch ◽  
J. A. C. Lieverse
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
River Region ◽  
Fall Dormancy ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Seed Crops

AbstractThe agri-climatic adaptation of an alfalfa variety in North America is categorized by its Fall Dormancy Rating (FDR1 = dormant to FDR9 = non-dormant). Presently, only relatively dormant, winter-hardy varieties (FDR1–4) are grown for seed and herbage at the northern latitudes of western Canada. However, there is considerably greater demand for seed of varieties that have FDR ≥ 4. A study was conducted in the Peace River region of north-western Canada to determine the relationship between FDR and seed production of alfalfa with FDR ≥ 4. Trials were established in each of two consecutive years with four varieties representing each of six FDR categories, FDR4–9. Growth characteristics were determined for two successive years of seed crops for each year of establishment. Seed yield (as a percentage of that for FDR4) was 84, 52, 40, 29 and 39% for FDR5 to FDR9, respectively, whereas total biomass at seed maturity was 89,73, 73, 57 and 57% for FDR5 to FDR9, respectively. Seed yield was more sensitive to changes in FDR than total biomass. Short rotations of specific alfalfa varieties with FDR ≥ 4 could be an option for seed growers in the northerly latitudes of western Canada, provided greater financial compensation is given for higher FDR varieties, and provided genetic drift can be retained within acceptable limits.

Is the flag leaf important in perennial ryegrass seed production?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
J.A.K. Trethewey ◽  
M.P. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

In cereals, the importance of the flag leaf for contributing carbohydrate during seed fill is well documented. However, in ryegrass this relationship is not so clear. This paper reports on an investigation of the effect on seed yield components of reduced photosynthetic capacity to the flag leaf, stem and head of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The hypothesis was that reduced photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf does not affect seed yield components in perennial ryegrass. Following flowering, photosynthetic capacity was reduced by defoliation or shading the flag leaf, stem, or head of individual tillers. Seed yield components were measured at harvest. Reduced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to the flag leaf and stem did not affect thousand seed weight or seed yield when compared with control plants whereas reducing PAR to the head had a significant effect. The seed head itself may be more important than the flag leaf during seed fill, but when the seed head is shaded substantial re-mobilisation of stored carbohydrates can occur. Keywords: flag leaf, green leaf area, Lolium perenne, photosynthetically active radiation, seed fill, seed yield, thousand seed weight, water-soluble carbohydrates

Effect of method and time of application of nitrogen fertiliser on yield and quality of seed of creeping red fescue

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vigorous Plant ◽  
Tiller Density

Six trials were conducted on commercial seed fields of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) in the Peace region to evaluate the sensitivity of seed production to the method and time of application of N fertiliser. In each trial, 68 kg ha−1 N was applied using three methods (surface-broadcast, granular, ammonium nitrate 34-0-0; foliar/soil spray of 28-0-0 solution N; soil-injected 28-0-0 solution N) at each of three times (fall, early spring, late spring). No statistically significant (P = 0.05) interaction, or main effect, of method and time of N were revealed for seed yield, fertile tiller density or for several seed quality characteristics. Seed yield varied greatly among trials (142 to 1240 kg ha−1) and averaged 566 kg ha−1. The results indicate that there is considerable flexibility in the method and time of application of N fertiliser for seed production of creeping red fescue in the Peace region, provided it is applied before the commencement of vigorous plant growth in the spring. Key words: Creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., nitrogen fertility, grass seed production, grass seed quality

Residue management increases seed yield of three turfgrass species on the Canadian prairies

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
J. J. Soroka ◽  
H. G. Najda
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
The Impact

Little information is available on the management of turfgrass species for seed production in the Canadian prairies. The objective of these studies was to assess the impact of residue management and row spacing on seed yield under irrigation. A factorial experiment was seeded at Saskatoon, SK, in 1993 to assess the impact of burning or scalping (very close mowing with residue removal) vs. mowing, and 20- vs. 40-cm row spacing on seed yield of Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) (Poa pratensis), creeping red fescue (CRF) (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra) and creeping bentgrass (CBG) (Agrostis palustris). Also, a residue management trial on KBG was seeded at Brooks, AB, in 1993. At Saskatoon, yield was higher at 20-cm spacing across all three species in 1994, but spacing had no impact on winter survival, stand density, tiller growth or yield in subsequent years. Burning and scalping consistently resulted in earlier spring green-up, a higher proportion of fertile tillers, and higher seed yield than mowing. Even with residue management, yield declined after one harvest in CBG and CRF, and after two harvests in KBG. At Brooks, residue management had a similar impact on yield of KBG. A second trial at Brooks examined the impact of row spacing (20, 40, 60 cm) and seeding rate (0.5 to 6 kg seed ha-1) on KBG. Seed yield was highest at 40-cm spacings in 1994, at 60 cm in 1995, and at 40 to 60 cm in 1996. Seeding rate did not have a consistent effect on yield. We conclude that a combination of residue management and 20- to 40-cm spacings provide the highest, most consistent seed yields for these turfgrass species in this region. Key words: Burning, clipping, turfgrass, seed production, row spacing, Poa, Festuca, Agrostis

THE EFFECTS OF SEEDING RATE AND ROW WIDTH IN RELATION TO SEED PRODUCTION IN ORCHARD GRASS, DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L.

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Fulkerson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
The Third ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effects of six seeding rates and five row spacings on seed yield, seed quality and the yield components—number of fertile culms per square foot, number of seeds per culm and seed weight were studied in orchard grass.Row width had a marked effect on seed yield each year. Rate of seeding affected seed yield to a lesser extent and a row width × seeding rate interaction did occur. Seeding rates and row width caused small relatively unimportant differences in seedling establishment and early seedling vigour only in the third harvest year. Considering seed yield, seed quality and the ease of weed control, the best treatment combination appeared to be a seeding rate in the area of [Formula: see text] in 14-in. rows for stands to produce for 2 or 3 years.Seed yield was positively and closely correlated with the number of fertile culms in the first 2 crop years but a negative relationship was found in the third crop year. Seed weight was negatively correlated with seed yield. The number of seeds per panicle was closely associated with yield in the third crop year and negatively correlated with seed weight and culm numbers.

Effect of shallow, rotary cultivation with vertical tines and nitrogen fertilization on the seed productivity of creeping red fescue

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-719
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
River Region ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Seed Crops

A field study in the Peace River region of north-western Canada evaluated the effect of shallow rotary cultivation with vertical tines on the seed production of stands of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra). At four sites, rotary cultivation treatments (None, Low, Medium and High tine rotor speed) were applied after the harvest of the first and second seed crops, in factorial combination with the time of application of 68 kg ha-1 N fertilizer (Early fall, Late fall, and Split 1:1 early:late fall). In harvest years 2 and 3, the effect of site on seed yield per unit land area was modified by both N and rotary cultivation. In harvest year 2, seed yield at Site 1 was increased greatly by rotary cultivation, regardless of the tine rotor speed, but there was little difference among the four cultivation treatments at the other three sites. In harvest year 3, seed yield was increased with Low, Medium and High rotary cultivation to 6- to 11-fold that without rotary cultivation at Sites 1 and 2 but only to 1.4- to 2-fold at Sites 3 and 4. Seed yield response to rotary cultivation was dependent on site and year, a reflection of the physiological status of the fescue plants at each specific site. Rotary cultivation treatments may have been too detrimental to tiller growth and development for sustaining and enhancing seed yield, particularly at Sites 3 and 4 prior to harvest year 2. There was no consistent pattern of response in seed yield among the four sites to the three N treatments in either harvest year 2 or 3. Although there was a significant (P < 0.001) N × rotary cultivation interaction for seed yield in harvest year 3, the pattern among cultivation treatments was generally similar for each N treatment; compared to no cultivation, the three cultivation treatments more than doubled seed yield to 255–322 kg ha-1 with Early and Split N and increased it 4- to 6-fold to 203–288 kg ha-1 with Late N. There is some potential for rotary cultivation, but the selected treatments were generally too aggressive in suppressing tillers. Key words: Rejuvenation of creeping red fescue, mechanical rejuvenation, rotary cultivation, power-harrowing, grass seed production

The effect of defoliation on seed production by capeweed (Arctotheca calendula)

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG McIvor ◽  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Individual Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Two experiments were done in pots to assess the effect of defoliation at different times on the seed yield of capeweed (Arctotheca calendula). Yield components measured were: number of seedheads per plant, number of seeds per seedhead, number of seeds per plant, and weight of individual seeds. Of the components of yield, number of florets per seedhead and individual seed weight were maintained under all treatments; number of seedheads and number of seeds per seedhead were more affected by defoliation. Whether grown as spaced plants or in swards, leaf removal did not significantly reduce the number of seeds produced unless combined with bud and flower removal at late flowering only. The results are discussed in relation to the growth and persistence of capeweed in pastures.

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