Availability of manure slurry ammonium for corn using 15N-labelled (NH4)2SO4

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Paul ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Key Words Animal ◽  
Apparent N Recovery ◽  
Manure Slurry ◽  
Dairy Cattle Slurry

The NH4+ fraction of animal manure slurry is often considered to be as available as fertilizer N to a crop; however, immobilization and losses via denitrification and NH3 volatilization may be higher in manured than in fertilized soil. The apparent N recovery and the 15N recovery methods were used for corn (Zea mays L.) grown in soil amended with dairy cattle slurry and NH4+ fertilizer to determine the source of the N taken up by corn plants. Manure slurry or (NH4)2SO4 fertilizer were applied at rates equivalent to 100 kg NH4+–N ha−1 in the greenhouse and the field. In the greenhouse, the apparent NH4+–N uptake by corn was 76 and 85% with animal manure slurries and NH4+ fertilizer, respectively. In the field, apparent N recovery of NH4+ from dairy cattle slurry and (NH4)2SO4 was 43 and 58%, respectively, whereas 15N recovery from the same treatments was 15 and 29%, respectively. The lower 15N recovery values compared with the apparent recovery values suggest that mineralization-immobilization turnover (MIT) occurred, and that MIT was greater in manured soil than in fertilized soil. A laboratory incubation study showed greater microbial biomass and more 15N immobilization in soil amended with dairy cattle slurry than in soil amended with fertilizer. Key words: Animal manure slurry, nitrogen, corn, N recovery, 15N microplots

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Soil microbial biomass C, N mineralization, and N uptake by corn in dairy cattle slurry- and urea-amended soils

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Paul ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dairy Cattle Slurry

A spring application of dairy cattle slurry (300 kg total N ha−1) on high- and low-fertility sites resulted in higher microbial biomass C during the growing season than on a control soil or a soil receiving 100 kg N ha−1 as urea. Microbial biomass C was also significantly higher on the high-fertility site and was reflected in greater N mineralization and N uptake by corn. There was no greater net N mineralization in the manured soil than in the control or fertilized soil as would be expected as a result of higher microbial biomass C and significant organic N contribution from the manure. Key words: Animal manure, nitrogen mineralization, corn, grain yields, soil fertility

Denitrification during the growing season following dairy cattle slurry and fertilizer application for silage corn

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Paul ◽  
B. J. Zebarth
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Acetylene Blockage ◽  
Dairy Cattle Slurry

Denitrification losses during the growing season may reduce the availability of manure and fertilizer N for crop production. Denitrification losses were measured during the growing seasons of 1992 and 1993 following spring manure or fertilizer application on a sandy soil with a high water table (Sumas) and a well-drained silt loam soil (Agassiz), both cropped to silage corn (Zeamays L.). Dairy cattle slurry (600 kg total N ha−1) was surface applied and incorporated in April. Ammonium nitrate (200 kg N ha−1) was surface applied at planting in early May. Denitrification rates were measured using the acetylene blockage technique on intact soil cores taken from 0- to 13-cm, 15- to 28-cm and 30- to 43-cm depths biweekly following manure application until mid-June, then monthly until after harvest in September. Denitrification rates were measured weekly in the control and manured treatment in 1993. In 1993, average denitrification rates were significantly higher following manure application (485 g N ha−1 d−1) than following fertilizer application (214 g N ha−1 d−1), and were higher at 15- to 30-cm depth (213 g N ha−1 d−1) than at 0- to 15-cm depth (22 g N ha−1 d−1) and the 30- to 45-cm depth (44 g N ha−1 d−1). Denitrification losses during the growing season in 1993 were 75 and 39 kg N ha−1 in the manured and fertilized soil at Sumas, compared with 68 and 34 kg N ha−1 in the same treatments at Agassiz. Denitrification losses during 1992 were 156 and 107 kg N ha−1 in the manured and fertilized soil at Sumas, compared with 95 and 27 kg N ha−1 in the same treatments at Agassiz. This research demonstrates that denitrification losses can be substantial during the growing season, and can be underestimated if denitrification rates are measured only to 15 or 20 cm depth. Key words: Acetylene blockage, soil cores, nitrogen, manure, maize

Denitrification and nitrate leaching during the fall and winter following dairy cattle slurry application

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Paul ◽  
B. J. Zebarth
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Acetylene Blockage Technique ◽  
Acetylene Blockage ◽  
Dairy Cattle Slurry

Conditions in soils of south-coastal British Columbia during the fall and winter favor both NO3− leaching and denitrification. Estimates of NO3− leaching were made on a coarse-textured soil having a high water table (Sumas) and a well-drained, medium-textured soil (Agassiz) in each of 1991 and 1992, following application of 0, 300 and 600 kg total N ha−1 as dairy cattle slurry at the end of September. Leaching was calculated by measuring NH4+ and NO3− concentrations biweekly to 90 cm depth and subtracting denitrification losses. Denitrification estimates were made using the acetylene blockage technique on intact cores taken to 43 cm depth at biweekly intervals from the 0 and 600 kg N ha−1 treatments. Most of the NO3− disappeared from the 90 cm soil profile by January in both years. At the high rate of manure application, denitrification losses were 29 and 20 kg N ha−1 at Agassiz in 1991 and 1992, and 48 and 17 kg N ha−1 at Sumas in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Denitrification losses in the non-manured treatments ranged from 3 to 16 kg N ha−1 Significant denitrification losses occurred at the 15- to 28-cm and the 30-cm to 43-cm depths, indicating that denitrification measurements at these depths are important. Leaching losses ranged from 60 to 188 kg N ha−1 from the control treatments, and from 102 to 241 kg N ha−1 following the highrate of manure application. Denitrification accounted for up to 17% of the NO3− loss from the soil profile, indicating that the majority of the NO3− was leached. Key words: Acetylene blockage technique, denitrification rate, air-filled porosity, manure

Increased denitrification below the root zone in the fall following a spring manure application

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Paul ◽  
V. Etches ◽  
B. J. Zebarth
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Dairy Cattle Slurry

Indirect measurements of denitrification to 120 cm depth in a coarse textured soil in October showed higher denitrification rates following a single spring application of dairy cattle slurry than following a spring application of fertilizer. The highest denitrification rates occurred immediately above and below the water table (90 cm depth) and resulted primarily from C applied in the manure moving down through the soil profile. Key words: Dairy cattle slurry, carbon, nitrate, shallow water table

Nitrogen recovery by timothy from surface application of dairy cattle slurry

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1139-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Anderson ◽  
J. R. McKenna ◽  
D. C. Martens ◽  
S. J. Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Dairy Cattle Slurry
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