Phytotoxicité des matériaux ligneux frais et compostés utilisés comme amendements organiques des sols

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Beauchemin ◽  
Marc R. Laverdière ◽  
Adrien N’dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Ground Material ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

A germination test with cress (Lepidium sativum L.) was carried out to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of extracts from fresh and composted tree clippings. Water-soluble extracts from unground and ground material were compared with a soil solution and distilled water in relation to their effect on germination and plant root development. Water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extracts from fresh tree clippings were strongly acidic, but they were neutral for the composted material. Greater quantities were extracted by water and alcohol from fresh material than from composted material. Water-soluble products extracted from fresh ligneous materials decreased the rate of germination of cress very significantly compared with those obtained from composted tree clippings. Grinding the clippings further reduced the germination rate, through the apparent liberation of more phytotoxic products. Composting of tree clippings significantly decreased the phytotoxicity of the organic amendment. Key words: Composting, cress, germination, phytotoxicity, wood residues, tree clippings

Composts from Green Waste as Peat Substitutes for Cutting Propagation of Impatiens hawkeri

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2314-2318
Author(s):  
Ya Ning Luan ◽  
Xiang Yang Sun ◽  
Su Yan Li ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Cheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Cutting Propagation ◽  
Impatiens Hawkeri ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

This study was to evaluate the use of green waste compost (GWC) as a growth media for rooting of Impatiens hawkeri. The experiments were divided into two sections. In the first experiment, GWC samples were collected periodically during a 60-d rapid composting period from a single windrow. A germination test was carried out previously in order to evaluate the phytotoxicity presence of GWC using Lepidium sativum L. (cress) as an indicator. Subsequently, five growth media were prepared containing 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% by volume of GWC with the corresponding peat as diluents, plus an untreated control (0 %). The same cuttings of Impatiens hawkeri were selected and potted into plugs. The germination tests showed that 45 days after rapid composting GWC could be considered to be mature. It was therefore concluded that GWC could be successfully used as a good adjuvant for peat substitutes for cutting propagation of Impatiens hawkeri in quantities of 25-50% by volume.

scholarly journals The Influence of New and Artificial Aged Microplastic and Leachates on the Germination of Lepidium sativum L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Pflugmacher ◽  
Amalia Sulek ◽  
Hannah Mader ◽  
Jeongin Heo ◽  
Ji Hyeon Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

With the increase in environmental monitoring and assessing, we are gaining insight into the extent of microplastic pollution in our environment. The threat posed by microplastics to biota could come, e.g., from leached substances. As some plastic materials have been decaying in nature for extended periods already, the toxic effects of leaching compounds need to be investigated. It is furthermore essential to understand the adverse effects of new plastic and how these effects differ from the effects elicited by old plastic material. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of exposure to leachates from new and artificial aged polycarbonate as well as new and aged polycarbonate granules on various germination parameters of Lepidium sativum were studied. Germination, root, and shoot length, as well as the calculated germination rate index as a measure for germination speed, was negatively influenced in substrate-free and substrate containing exposures. From an ecological and agricultural point of view, this implies possible yield losses with less germinating seeds, slower plant germination speed, and smaller seedlings in general.

Toxicological effects of different-sized Co–Fe (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles on Lepidium sativum L.: towards better understanding of nanophytotoxicity

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-291
Author(s):  
D. Montvydienė ◽  
A. Jagminas ◽  
Ž. Jurgelėnė ◽  
M. Kazlauskas ◽  
R. Butrimienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Cofe2o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Tires Evaluated in Simulated Conditions

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Markéta Šourková ◽  
Dana Adamcová ◽  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Magdalena Daria Vaverková
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Aqueous Leachate ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Illegal dumps and landfills with disposed of tires are a fact of today, which should not be neglected as they represent a great ecological burden for the environment, affect the surrounding nature and disturb the landscape. This research was focused on testing the phytotoxicity of aqueous leachates from the fractions of tires in two sets of experiments—to simulate laboratory conditions (tire leaching in distilled water) and natural conditions (tire leaching in water from a recipient) using the Phytotoxkit testing kit (kit for the establishment of inhibition/stimulation effect on the root development) and the watercress test of phytotoxicity (biological method for the assessment of leachate phytotoxicity). Plants whose seeds were selected for the test were watercress (Lepidium sativum L.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.). The aqueous leachate was tested for 38 weeks. During the experiment, physical and chemical parameters were measured at intervals of 14 days by the testing instrument HACH TEST KIT: electric conductivity (EC), amount of dissolved oxygen (LDO) and pH. Results of root growth inhibition (IR) on the seeds of Lepidium sativum L. and Sinapis alba L. exhibited values ranging from 11.73% to 47.74% in the tested samples. Results of germination index (GI) on the seeds of Lepidium sativum L. exhibited values below 66% in the tested samples, which indicated the leachate phytotoxicity. In spite of the fact that similar studies are tackling the acute toxicity of leachates from tires (particularly to algae, embryos and animals), this research brings complementary information in testing the acute phytotoxicity of tire leachates to higher plants.

scholarly journals Raw and Fermented Alfalfa Brown Juice Induces Changes in the Germination and Development of French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.) Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Döme Barna ◽  
Szilvia Kisvarga ◽  
Szilvia Kovács ◽  
Gábor Csatári ◽  
Ibolya O. Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Horticultural Practice ◽  
Brown Juice

Organic and ecological farming programs require new and efficient biostimulants with beneficial properties for the sustainable and safe production of seedlings and ornamental plants. We examined the effect of non-fermented and lacto-fermented alfalfa brown juice (BJ) on seed germination and the vegetative, physiological, and anatomical properties of French marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Csemő’) plants which were treated with 0.5–10% fermented and non-fermented BJ, with tap water applied as a control. Applying 0.5% fermented BJ significantly improved seed germination compared with non-fermented BJ, resulting in an increase of 9.6, 11.2, 10.9, and 41.7% in the final germination percent, germination rate index, germination index, and vigor index, respectively. In addition, it increased the root and shoot length by 7.9 and 16.1%, respectively, root and shoot dry mass by 20 and 47.6%, respectively, and the number of leaves by 28.8% compared to the control. Furthermore, an increase in contents of water-soluble phenol, chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid was reported upon the application of 0.5% fermented BJ, while peroxidase activity decreased. Our results prove that alfalfa BJ can be enrolled as a biostimulant as part of the circular farming approach which supports the sustainable horticultural practice.

scholarly journals Role of Autochthonous Filamentous Fungi in Bioremediation of a Soil Historically Contaminated with Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D'Annibale ◽  
F. Rosetto ◽  
V. Leonardi ◽  
F. Federici ◽  
M. Petruccioli
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Lignin Peroxidases ◽  
Ph Conditions

ABSTRACT Nine fungal strains isolated from an aged and heavily contaminated soil were identified and screened to assess their degradative potential. Among them, Allescheriella sp. strain DABAC 1, Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3, and Phlebia sp. strain DABAC 9 were selected for remediation trials on the basis of Poly R-478 decolorization associated with lignin-modifying enzyme (LME) production. These autochthonous fungi were tested for the abilities to grow under nonsterile conditions and to degrade various aromatic hydrocarbons in the same contaminated soil. After 30 days, fungal colonization was clearly visible and was confirmed by ergosterol determination. In spite of subalkaline pH conditions and the presence of heavy metals, the autochthonous fungi produced laccase and Mn and lignin peroxidases. No LME activities were detected in control microcosms. All of the isolates led to a marked removal of naphthalene, dichloroaniline isomers, o-hydroxybiphenyl, and 1,1′-binaphthalene. Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3 was the most effective isolate due to its ability to partially deplete the predominant contaminants 9,10-anthracenedione and 7H-benz[DE]anthracen-7-one. A release of chloride ions was observed in soil treated with either Allescheriella sp. strain DABAC 1 or Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative dehalogenation. The autochthonous fungi led to a significant decrease in soil toxicity, as assessed by both the Lepidium sativum L. germination test and the Collembola mortality test.

Natürliche Hemmstoffe von Keimung und Wachstum, I Ausarbeitung eines quantitativen Biotests und Anwendung auf Extrakte aus Spelzen von Avena sativa L. / Natural Inhibitors of Germination and Growth, I. Development of a Quantitative Biotest and Application upon Extracts from Husks of Avena sativa L.

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Karl ◽  
Wolfhart Rüdiger
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Carbonic Acids ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Natural Inhibitors ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Extracts from oat husks inhibit germination of a variety of seeds including Avena sativa L., Sorghum spec., Phalleris spec., Raphanus spec., Amaranthus caudatus, Lepidium sativum L. A quantitative assay for this inhibition was developed on the basis of percentage of root growth of Avena in the presence of extracted material compared with root growth of water controls. Fractionation of the extracts revealed that about half of the total inhibitory activity was found in the fraction of free organic acids. The inhibition was not due to known inhibitors. Abscisic acid. was not found in this extract. Phenole carbonic acids were determined in the extract. Their con­centration was too low to significantly contribute to the observed inhibitory activity.

Effects of Various Levels of Dietary Lepidium Sativum L. Seeds in Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. I. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

A toxicity study was made on Lepidium sativum L. seeds used in Saudi traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Lepidium sativum L. seed fed to Wistar albino rats at 2% (w/w) was non-toxic, Ten percent (w/w) was toxic but not fatal and 50% (w/w) of the diet for 6 weeks was lethal and caused depression in growth rate and entero-hepato-nephrotoxicity. Organ lesions accompanied by anemia and leukopenia were correlated with alterations in serum AST and ALT activities and concentrations of total protein, cholesterol, urea, and other serum constituents.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in the Ethiopian garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) using microsatellite markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Legesse Tadesse ◽  
Firew Mekbib ◽  
Adugna Wakjira ◽  
Zerihun Tadele
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L
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