Effets d’amendements ligneux sur la disponibilité d’azote dans un sol sableux cultivé en pomme de terre

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Beauchemin ◽  
Marc R. Laverdière ◽  
Adrien N’dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
N Derived From Fertilizer ◽  
N Rates

A field trial with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was conducted on a sandy soil to estimate N immobilization after applying tree clippings to the soil. N availability was evaluated by mineralizable N, N recovery coefficients and N derived from fertilizer. Fresh and composted tree clippings (50 t ha−1) were compared with an unamended control. In each principal treatment, nitrogen fertilizer was added at the rates of 0, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha−1. Mineralizable N was lowest (P ≤ 0.001) in plots amended with wood residues by comparison to the unamended control. N recovery was 0.49 and 0.54 for fresh and composted residues, respectively, which indicates a higher N immobilization for fresh wood residues. N immobilization was estimated at 46 kg N ha−1 and increased in treatments receiving fresh tree clippings and also with increasing N rates. Moreover, a significant linear increase of N derived from fertilizer (P = 0.03) was observed with fertilizer N rates especially in amended treatments. Thus, the incorporation of ligneous material to the soil may have reduced the availability of soil mineralized N and potato growth depended mainly on N fertilizer addition. This study indicates that during the first growing season following the application of ligneous materials, N immobilization remained the main restricting factor on potato production. Key words: N availability, N derived from fertilizer, N immobilization, N recovery coefficient, potato, tree clippings, wood residues

Use of hot KCl-NH4-N to estimate fertilizer N requirements

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
Y. W. Jamel ◽  
A. Jalil ◽  
J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N

We need an easy-to-use chemical index for estimating the amount of N that becomes available during the growing season, to improve N use efficiency. This paper discusses how producers may, in future, use crop growth models that incorporate indices of soil N availability, to make more accurate, risk-sensitive estimates of fertilizer N requirements. In a previous study, we developed an equation, using 42 diverse Saskatchewan soils, that related potentially mineralizable N (N0) to NH4N extracted with hot 2 M KCl (X), (i.e., N0 = 37.7 + 7.7X, r2 = 0.78). We also established that the first order rate constant (k) for N mineralization at 35°C is indeed a constant for arable prairie soils (k = 0.067 wk−1). We modified the N submodel of CERES-wheat to include k and N0 (values of N0 were derived from the hot KCl test). With long-term weather data (precipitation and temperature) as input, this model was used to estimate probable N mineralization during a growing season and yield of wheat (grown on fallow or stubble), in response to fertilizer N rates at Swift Current. The model output indicated that the amount of N mineralized in a growing season for wheat on fallow was similar to that for wheat on stubble, as we hypothesized. Further the model indicated that rate of fertilizer N had only minimal effect on N mineralized. We concluded that, despite the importance of knowing the Nmin capability of a soil, it is available water, initial levels of available N and rate of fertilizer N that are the main determinants of yield in this semiarid environment. The theoretical approach we have proposed must be validated under field conditions before it can be adopted for use. Key words: N mineralization, Hot KCl-NH4-N, potentially mineralizable N, CERES-wheat model

scholarly journals EFFETS D'APPORT D'AMENDEMENTS LIGNEUX FRAIS ET HUMIFIES SUR LA PRODUCTION DE POMME DE TERRE ET SUR LA DISPONIBILITE DE L'AZOTE EN SOL SABLEUX

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUZANNE BEAUCHEMIN ◽  
MARC R. LAVERDIÈRE ◽  
ADRIEN N'DAYEGAMIYE
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Wood Residues

Intensive potato cropping has been reported as a major cause of degradation of sandy soils. Wood residues from tree clipping applied to soils can substitute for crop residues to maintain adequate organic matter levels and crop productivity. However, this ligneous material presents a C:N ratio varying from 50 to 175 and, when applied in large quantities, may induce N immobilization at the expense of the crop. The objectives of this study were to quantify the importance of this N immobilization following addition of residues and its effect on yield and quality of potato crops. Fresh or humified residues (50 t ha−1) were applied to the soil and incorporated. The third treatment received no residue. Each treatment was subdivided into subtreatments which received either 0, 150, 200 or 250 kg N ha−1. P, K, Mg and S were applied at the same rate on all treatments. Following the application of wood residues in 1987, 46 kg N ha−1 were immobilized in amended plots. N recovery from fertilizer was 51%. To obtain comparable yields of similar quality to those measured on unamended plots, an additional 1.9 kg N t−1 residues added or 100 kg N ha−1 were required. In 1988, N immobilization was considerably reduced; yield and quality of potato tubers in plots that received wood residues the previous year were comparable to those of the unamended plots with appropriate fertilization. Water retention was significantly improved in plots that received wood residues. Partial decomposition of the residues for 1 yr prior to application on the soil did not significantly improve plant growth compared to fresh residues. Key words: Wood residues, tree clippings, potato yield, dry matter content, nitrogen immobilization, soil water content

RESPONSE OF WINTER WHEAT TO FALL-APPLIED LARGE UREA GRANULES WITH DICYANDIAMIDE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
YADVINDER SINGH ◽  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Urea Granules ◽  
Urea Prills

Three field experiments were undertaken over a 2-yr period to compare the response of winter wheat to fall-applied large urea granules containing a nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide, DCD) with that of commercial urea granules (prills) applied as a top dressing in the spring. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of large urea granules coupled with DCD in conserving N when applied at planting or one month after planting. Granules of 1, 2 and 3 g urea as well as 2 g urea + DCD were compared with commercial urea prills at an application rate of 80 kg N ha−1. Large urea granules, as compared with fall-incorporated commercial urea prills, were effective in conserving N over the winter period especially when applied 1 mo after planting and resulted in yields and apparent N recovery similar to those with top dressed commercial prills applied in the spring. Incorporation of DCD into 2-g granules (50 or 100 g kg−1 urea) further increased the conservation of N fertilizer as reflected by higher yields and greater apparent fertilizer N recovery. Uptake of 15N from 2-g urea granules decreased with distance from the granule. However, plants furthest from spaced large granules were able apparently to obtain sufficient N to reach the yield potential dictated by the weather and soil conditions. Yield and N recovery data indicated that N conservation increased with increasing granule size. Crop response and fertilizer N availability decreased as depth of placement exceeded 10 cm. Placement between the 5 and 10 cm depths appeared to maximize fertilizer N availability. It was concluded that a combination of large urea granules and a nitrification inhibitor (such as DCD) can effectively conserve fall-applied N and result in yield responses and N uptake by winter wheat similar to that with commercial urea prills applied as a top dressing in the spring. Key words: Time of application, yield, 15N recovery, apparent fertilizer N recovery

Nitrogen- and phosphorus-based applications of cattle manure and compost for irrigated cereal silage

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Olson ◽  
R.H. McKenzie ◽  
F.J. Larney ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Land Application ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer

Land application of livestock manure has caused concern about excess nutrients in soil and the potential risk to water quality. Application of manure based on crop-nutrient requirements is considered a beneficial management practice. A field study was conducted to assess the feasibility and impact of crop-based N and P application rates of cattle (Bos taurus) manure and compost for crop productivity and accumulation of extractable soil N and P. The 6-yr (2002-2007), small-plot field study included 10 amendments: control (CONT), annual synthetic fertilizer N (F-N), annual synthetic fertilizer P (F-P), annual synthetic fertilizer N plus P (F-NP), annual N-based manure (M-N), annual P-based manure (M-P), three times the P-based manure once per 3 yr (M-3P), annual N-based compost (C-N), annual P-based compost (C-P), and three times the P-based compost once per 3 yr (C-3P). Amendments were arranged in randomized complete block design with five replicates and applied based on annual soil testing and nutrient recommendations. The test crops were triticale (× Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage managed under irrigation. Dry matter yields for CONT and F-P were significantly smaller than for the other treatments. There were generally no significant differences among the six organic and F-NP amendments. Apparent N recovery (ANR) was greatest for F-NP (45%) and F-N (41%), followed by the P-based organic amendments (26-34%), M-N (15%), and smallest for C-N (10%). Apparent P recovery (APR) was greatest for F-NP (30%) and smallest for M-N (6%) and C-N (4%). The APR for the P-based organic amendments ranged from 14 to 22%. Application of the amendments did not result in the accumulation of excess nitrate N in the soil profile. The M-N and C-N amendments applied for 6 yr increased extractable P in the 0- to 0.15-m soil layer from 12 mg kg-1 to 121 and 156 mg kg-1, respectively. Crop productivity and soil nutrient responses indicated that assumptions made for P and N availability in manure and compost were reasonably accurate. Based on the results, P-based application of manure or compost can achieve optimum crop yield and prevent nutrient build-up in soil. Under the conditions of this study, the amount of land required to accommodate P-based application would be five to seven times more for manure and eight to ten times more for compost compared with N-based application.

Short-term nitrogen dynamics in a soil amended with anaerobic digestate

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sharifi ◽  
Scott Baker ◽  
Leila Hojabri ◽  
Monireh Hajiaghaei-Kamrani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Total N ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Mineralizable N

The co-product of anaerobic digestion, digestate, is nitrogen (N) rich; however, the forms and accessibility of this N by the crops have not been fully explored. This study aimed to determine the mineralization parameters of digestate N and to assess its availability for annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Four digestate rates of 0 (control), 38, 75, and 150 mg N kg−1 soil (equal to 0, 90, 180, and 360 kg total N ha−1) were applied to a silty clay loam soil in a completely randomized block design with four replications in a greenhouse study. A 100 d aerobic incubation experiment was also conducted with 0 and 150 mg digestate N kg−1 rates at 25 °C. Digestate feedstock included cattle manure (28%), hay (15%), and silage corn (Zea mays L.; 57%). Total plant biomass and N uptake increased linearly with digestate application rate with average apparent N recovery of 37%. Potentially mineralizable N (N0) and mineralizable N rate constant (k) were not significantly different in digestate and control treatments; however, a flush of digestate organic N (30 mg N kg−1) released right after mixing the digestate with soil. Evidences of N immobilization with digestate application were observed in greenhouse study. Majority of plant-available digestate N was in form of NH4+-N; therefore, NH4+-N can be used for estimation of available digestate N for crops. Results need to be validated for specific feedstock and soil properties under field conditions. Further research is needed to assess how long-term build-up of digestate organic N may impact the N availability for crops.

scholarly journals Improving wheat grain yield via promotion of water and nitrogen utilization in arid areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Tan ◽  
Qiang Chai ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Cai Zhao ◽  
Aizhong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Local Practice ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
N Rates

AbstractCrop yield is limited by water and nitrogen (N) availability. However, in Hexi Corridor of northwestern China, water scarcity and excessive fertilizer N in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production causes serious conflicts between water and N supply and crop demand. A field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018 to evaluate whether reducing of irrigation and fertilizer N will reduce grain yield of wheat. There were two irrigation quotas (192 and 240 mm) and three fertilizer N rates (135, 180, and 225 kg N ha−1). The results showed that reducing irrigation to 192 mm and N rate to 180 kg N ha−1 reduced water uptake, water uptake efficiency, and N uptake of spring wheat as compared to local practice (i.e., 240 mm irrigation and 225 kg N ha−1 fertilizer). Whereas, it improved water and N utilization efficiency, and water and N productivity. Consequently, the irrigation and N rate reduced treatment achieved the same quantity of grain yield as local practice. The path analysis showed that interaction effect between irrigation and N fertilization may attributable to the improvement of grain yield with lower irrigation and N rate. The enhanced water and N utilization allows us to conclude that irrigation quota at 192 mm coupled with fertilizer N rate at 180 kg N ha−1 can be used as an efficient practice for wheat production in arid irrigation areas.

Recovery of 15N-labeled fertilizer by spring bread wheat at different N rates and application times

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Sen Tran ◽  
Gilles Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
N Application ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
N Rates

Optimal N fertilization can improve the yield and quality of spring bread wheat in eastern Canada. This study aimed to determine the economical N rate for the production of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'AC Pollet') and to compare the effect of application times on the efficiency of fertilizer N use. The experiment was conducted during 2 yr on two sites of Sainte-Rosalie clay loam. The experimental treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 kg ha−1) as the main plots and the application times of fertilizer N (15NH415NO3 applied at seeding and booting stages) as the subplots. Grain yield, grain protein concentration and straw N content of wheat were increased significantly with N application rates. The economic N rates were 90 and 120 kg ha−1 for 1993 and 1994, respectively. The recovery of 15N-labeled fertilizer (%FNR) in grain and straw was higher when applied at booting stage than at seeding in both years. In 1993, FNR varied from 37.8 to 45.7% for seeding and from 62.1 to 68.4% for booting stage treatments. The respective values were 23.1 to 30.4% and 41.3 to 50.7% in 1994. At each N rate, the proportion of N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) was higher in grain than that in straw when 15N fertilizer was applied at booting stage. The combined recovery of 15N fertilizer (% total FNR) applied at seeding and booting, as determined by the isotopic and the difference method, was in the same range, with a mean of 49.8% and 36.2% for 1993 and 1994, respectively. Soil N supplies for wheat during the growing season were 54 and 61 kg N ha−1 in 1993 and 1994, respectively. No priming effect of added fertilizer N on the mineralization of soil N was observed. Key words: Spring bread wheat, 15N-labeled fertilizer, split N application, fertilizer N recovery

DIFFERENTIAL FERTILIZER N IMMOBILIZATION IN TWO TILLAGE SYSTEMS INFLUENCES GRAIN N CONCENTRATION

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CAREFOOT ◽  
C. W. LINDWALL ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
No Till ◽  
N Concentration

Differential N immobilization between conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) systems has been suggested as a possible mechanism for differences in crop response to N. To examine this effect, immobilization of N fertilizer was compared in NT and CT cereal production systems at two sites in southern Alberta (Lethbridge and Vauxhall) from 1983 to 1985. Fertilizer N, labelled with 15N, was applied at rates ranging from 25 to 50 kg N ha−1 to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Norstar'), barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Galt'), or spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Chester') in various rotations. Nitrogen immobilization was subsequently quantified by 15N analysis of crop tissues and soil N fractions. The amount of N immobilized was strongly influenced by climatic variables. In 1984, characterized by drought in the spring but significant precipitation during June, mean N immobilization losses for winter wheat and barley in the CT treatments averaged much less than those in NT treatments (20 vs. 34% of N applied). Conversely, in 1985, which was characterized by a wet spring and a very dry summer, N immobilization losses were comparable in the two barley tillage treatments (mean = 29% of N applied). Lack of precipitation early in the season appears to restrict immobilization less in CT than in NT treatments because of greater fertilizer-residue contact in the latter. Despite the trends in immobilized N, grain yields were often higher in the NT than in the CT treatments, indicating that yield differences were likely related to the availability of moisture rather than to N fertility. Restricted N availability resulting from immobilization losses, however, reduced grain N concentration in NT relative to CT treatments. Key words: No-till, conventional till, N immobilization, N response, residual N

scholarly journals Effect of reduced fertilizer nitrogen application rates on yield and nitrogen recovery of sugar beet and potatoes.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
J.J. Neeteson
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Data from 150 sugarbeet and 98 potato field trials in the Netherlands were used to calculate the effects on yield and N recovery of applying 0-90% of recommended N fertilizer rates. Av. sugarbeet root tuber yields were 63.8, 63.5, 62.9, 61.2 and 53.3 t/ha with 100, 90, 75, 50 and 0% of recommended N rate, resp.; corresponding potato tuber yields were 56.8, 56.5, 55.9, 54.4 and 45.1 t. Av. fertilizer N recovery by potato tubers ranged from 33.2% with the recommended N rate to 44.3% with 50% of the recommended N rate. On the assumption that the probability of serious yield deficits should not exceed 5%, current recommended N rates could not be reduced for sugarbeet but could be reduced by 25% for potatoes giving an av. yield deficit of 1.7% and 40% fertilizer N recovery by tubers. The effects of changes in the ratio of fertilizer cost to the price of produce is discussed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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