Nitrogen- and phosphorus-based applications of cattle manure and compost for irrigated cereal silage

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Olson ◽  
R.H. McKenzie ◽  
F.J. Larney ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Land Application ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer

Land application of livestock manure has caused concern about excess nutrients in soil and the potential risk to water quality. Application of manure based on crop-nutrient requirements is considered a beneficial management practice. A field study was conducted to assess the feasibility and impact of crop-based N and P application rates of cattle (Bos taurus) manure and compost for crop productivity and accumulation of extractable soil N and P. The 6-yr (2002-2007), small-plot field study included 10 amendments: control (CONT), annual synthetic fertilizer N (F-N), annual synthetic fertilizer P (F-P), annual synthetic fertilizer N plus P (F-NP), annual N-based manure (M-N), annual P-based manure (M-P), three times the P-based manure once per 3 yr (M-3P), annual N-based compost (C-N), annual P-based compost (C-P), and three times the P-based compost once per 3 yr (C-3P). Amendments were arranged in randomized complete block design with five replicates and applied based on annual soil testing and nutrient recommendations. The test crops were triticale (× Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage managed under irrigation. Dry matter yields for CONT and F-P were significantly smaller than for the other treatments. There were generally no significant differences among the six organic and F-NP amendments. Apparent N recovery (ANR) was greatest for F-NP (45%) and F-N (41%), followed by the P-based organic amendments (26-34%), M-N (15%), and smallest for C-N (10%). Apparent P recovery (APR) was greatest for F-NP (30%) and smallest for M-N (6%) and C-N (4%). The APR for the P-based organic amendments ranged from 14 to 22%. Application of the amendments did not result in the accumulation of excess nitrate N in the soil profile. The M-N and C-N amendments applied for 6 yr increased extractable P in the 0- to 0.15-m soil layer from 12 mg kg-1 to 121 and 156 mg kg-1, respectively. Crop productivity and soil nutrient responses indicated that assumptions made for P and N availability in manure and compost were reasonably accurate. Based on the results, P-based application of manure or compost can achieve optimum crop yield and prevent nutrient build-up in soil. Under the conditions of this study, the amount of land required to accommodate P-based application would be five to seven times more for manure and eight to ten times more for compost compared with N-based application.

scholarly journals Response of sweetpotato to the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in marginal upland

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Jay-Ar Bagarinao ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

Marginal uplands are characterized by low soil fertility and crop productivity. To alleviate the problem, organic amendments combined with inorganic fertilizer were tested to assess their effects on the growth and yield performance of sweetpotato; determine the option treatment combination; and assess the soil physicochemical properties. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely: T0 = (0-0-0); T1 = 1 t ha-1 Evans + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2 = 1 t ha-1 Wellgrow + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3 = 15 t ha-1 chicken dung alone; T4 = 10 t ha-1 chicken dung + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5 = 15 t ha-1 Vermicast alone; and T6 = 10 t ha-1 Vermicast + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of 10 t ha-1 of either chicken dung or vermicast plus 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 in Inopacan, Leyte produced higher total root yield over the control. Root yield during the second cropping greatly increased to 16.19 t ha-1 which is almost 3 times higher than the first crop when 15 t ha-1 chicken dung alone (T3) was used. In Sta. Rita, Samar, most of the growth, yield, and yield parameters of sweetpotato were not affected by the treatments. Moreover, only a slight improvement in soil properties was noted.

RESPONSE OF WINTER WHEAT TO FALL-APPLIED LARGE UREA GRANULES WITH DICYANDIAMIDE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
YADVINDER SINGH ◽  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Urea Granules ◽  
Urea Prills

Three field experiments were undertaken over a 2-yr period to compare the response of winter wheat to fall-applied large urea granules containing a nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide, DCD) with that of commercial urea granules (prills) applied as a top dressing in the spring. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of large urea granules coupled with DCD in conserving N when applied at planting or one month after planting. Granules of 1, 2 and 3 g urea as well as 2 g urea + DCD were compared with commercial urea prills at an application rate of 80 kg N ha−1. Large urea granules, as compared with fall-incorporated commercial urea prills, were effective in conserving N over the winter period especially when applied 1 mo after planting and resulted in yields and apparent N recovery similar to those with top dressed commercial prills applied in the spring. Incorporation of DCD into 2-g granules (50 or 100 g kg−1 urea) further increased the conservation of N fertilizer as reflected by higher yields and greater apparent fertilizer N recovery. Uptake of 15N from 2-g urea granules decreased with distance from the granule. However, plants furthest from spaced large granules were able apparently to obtain sufficient N to reach the yield potential dictated by the weather and soil conditions. Yield and N recovery data indicated that N conservation increased with increasing granule size. Crop response and fertilizer N availability decreased as depth of placement exceeded 10 cm. Placement between the 5 and 10 cm depths appeared to maximize fertilizer N availability. It was concluded that a combination of large urea granules and a nitrification inhibitor (such as DCD) can effectively conserve fall-applied N and result in yield responses and N uptake by winter wheat similar to that with commercial urea prills applied as a top dressing in the spring. Key words: Time of application, yield, 15N recovery, apparent fertilizer N recovery

Effets d’amendements ligneux sur la disponibilité d’azote dans un sol sableux cultivé en pomme de terre

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Beauchemin ◽  
Marc R. Laverdière ◽  
Adrien N’dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
N Derived From Fertilizer ◽  
N Rates

A field trial with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was conducted on a sandy soil to estimate N immobilization after applying tree clippings to the soil. N availability was evaluated by mineralizable N, N recovery coefficients and N derived from fertilizer. Fresh and composted tree clippings (50 t ha−1) were compared with an unamended control. In each principal treatment, nitrogen fertilizer was added at the rates of 0, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha−1. Mineralizable N was lowest (P ≤ 0.001) in plots amended with wood residues by comparison to the unamended control. N recovery was 0.49 and 0.54 for fresh and composted residues, respectively, which indicates a higher N immobilization for fresh wood residues. N immobilization was estimated at 46 kg N ha−1 and increased in treatments receiving fresh tree clippings and also with increasing N rates. Moreover, a significant linear increase of N derived from fertilizer (P = 0.03) was observed with fertilizer N rates especially in amended treatments. Thus, the incorporation of ligneous material to the soil may have reduced the availability of soil mineralized N and potato growth depended mainly on N fertilizer addition. This study indicates that during the first growing season following the application of ligneous materials, N immobilization remained the main restricting factor on potato production. Key words: N availability, N derived from fertilizer, N immobilization, N recovery coefficient, potato, tree clippings, wood residues

Short-term nitrogen dynamics in a soil amended with anaerobic digestate

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sharifi ◽  
Scott Baker ◽  
Leila Hojabri ◽  
Monireh Hajiaghaei-Kamrani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Total N ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Mineralizable N

The co-product of anaerobic digestion, digestate, is nitrogen (N) rich; however, the forms and accessibility of this N by the crops have not been fully explored. This study aimed to determine the mineralization parameters of digestate N and to assess its availability for annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Four digestate rates of 0 (control), 38, 75, and 150 mg N kg−1 soil (equal to 0, 90, 180, and 360 kg total N ha−1) were applied to a silty clay loam soil in a completely randomized block design with four replications in a greenhouse study. A 100 d aerobic incubation experiment was also conducted with 0 and 150 mg digestate N kg−1 rates at 25 °C. Digestate feedstock included cattle manure (28%), hay (15%), and silage corn (Zea mays L.; 57%). Total plant biomass and N uptake increased linearly with digestate application rate with average apparent N recovery of 37%. Potentially mineralizable N (N0) and mineralizable N rate constant (k) were not significantly different in digestate and control treatments; however, a flush of digestate organic N (30 mg N kg−1) released right after mixing the digestate with soil. Evidences of N immobilization with digestate application were observed in greenhouse study. Majority of plant-available digestate N was in form of NH4+-N; therefore, NH4+-N can be used for estimation of available digestate N for crops. Results need to be validated for specific feedstock and soil properties under field conditions. Further research is needed to assess how long-term build-up of digestate organic N may impact the N availability for crops.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological Traits, Biochemical Characteristic and Productivity of Wheat under Water and Nitrogen-Colimitation: Pathways to Improve Water and N Uptake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawab Ali ◽  
Mohammad Akmal
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Environmental Consequences

Drought stress is the most prominent limiting factor and abiotic stress that manipulates the physiological pathway, biochemical traits and hence negatively affects wheat crop productivity. The global nitrogen (N) recovery indicated that about two-fifths of N inputs are lost in the ecosystems through emission, denitrification, gaseous loss, leaching, surface runoff and volatilization etc. Farmers are using higher rates of N to harvest maximum yield but about 50–60% of applied N to crop field is not utilized by the plants and are lost to environment causing environmental pollution. These deleterious environmental consequences need to be reduced by efficient management of N and/or water. N-availability is often regulated by soil water; hence crop is experiencing N- and water-limitation simultaneously. There is great impetus to optimize their uptake through interconnectedness of water and N for yield determination of wheat because of the water scarcity and N losses. It is further advocate that there is need to investigate the intricate role of economizing N rate and water simultaneously for wheat crop growth, yield and backing quality may be beneficial to be investigate.

scholarly journals USING GEL POLYMERS TO INFLUENCE FERTILIZER NITROGEN RECOVERY BY STRAWBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1169e-1169
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Archbold ◽  
Charles T MacKown
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Field Study ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Gel Polymers

Three gel polymers, Hydrosource, REAP, and Agri-gel, wetted with solutions of 15N-ammonium nitrate, were evaluated for controlled release of fertilizer nitrogen (N) to strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in the greenhouse and field. Container-grown plants of `Earliglow' and `Allstar' were harvested every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Field-grown plants of the same cultivars were collected from matted rows after harvest, and fruit were collected during harvest. Plant and fruit tissues were analyzed for total % N and atom % & 15N, and total fertilizer N recovery was calculated. For the container-grown plants, total % N differed by cultivar, `Earliglow' > `Allstar', and harvest date, declining during 8 weeks. Treatment effects on total % N were observed only in the field study, with Agri-gel showing the highest value. In the greenhouse study, Hydrosource and Agri-gel gave the highest tissue enrichments from fertilizer N. In the field study, REAP and Agri-gel gave the highest enrichments. In spite of the greater tissue enrichments, however, no gel polymer significantly increased total fertilizer N recovery in either study.

scholarly journals Intensive slurry management and climate change promote nitrogen mining from organic matter-rich montane grassland soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 456 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Marcus Schlingmann ◽  
Ursina Tobler ◽  
Bernd Berauer ◽  
Noelia Garcia-Franco ◽  
Peter Wilfahrt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Land Use Intensification ◽  
Plant Soil

Abstract Aims Consequences of climate change and land use intensification on the nitrogen (N) cycle of organic-matter rich grassland soils in the alpine region remain poorly understood. We aimed to identify fates of fertilizer N and to determine the overall N balance of an organic-matter rich grassland in the European alpine region as influenced by intensified management and warming. Methods We combined 15N cattle slurry labelling with a space for time climate change experiment, which was based on translocation of intact plant-soil mesocosms down an elevational gradient to induce warming of +1 °C and + 3 °C. Mesocosms were subject to either extensive or intensive management. The fate of slurry-N was traced in the plant-soil system. Results Grassland productivity was very high (8.2 t - 19.4 t dm ha−1 yr−1), recovery of slurry 15N in mowed plant biomass was, however, low (9.6–14.7%), illustrating low fertilizer N use efficiency and high supply of plant available N via mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM). Higher 15N recovery rates (20.2–31.8%) were found in the soil N pool, dominated by recovery in unextractable N. Total 15N recovery was approximately half of the applied tracer, indicating substantial loss to the environment. Overall, high N export by harvest (107–360 kg N ha−1 yr−1) markedly exceeded N inputs, leading to a negative grassland N balance. Conclusions Here provided results suggests a risk of soil N mining in montane grasslands, which increases both under climate change and land use intensification.

Use of hot KCl-NH4-N to estimate fertilizer N requirements

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
Y. W. Jamel ◽  
A. Jalil ◽  
J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N

We need an easy-to-use chemical index for estimating the amount of N that becomes available during the growing season, to improve N use efficiency. This paper discusses how producers may, in future, use crop growth models that incorporate indices of soil N availability, to make more accurate, risk-sensitive estimates of fertilizer N requirements. In a previous study, we developed an equation, using 42 diverse Saskatchewan soils, that related potentially mineralizable N (N0) to NH4N extracted with hot 2 M KCl (X), (i.e., N0 = 37.7 + 7.7X, r2 = 0.78). We also established that the first order rate constant (k) for N mineralization at 35°C is indeed a constant for arable prairie soils (k = 0.067 wk−1). We modified the N submodel of CERES-wheat to include k and N0 (values of N0 were derived from the hot KCl test). With long-term weather data (precipitation and temperature) as input, this model was used to estimate probable N mineralization during a growing season and yield of wheat (grown on fallow or stubble), in response to fertilizer N rates at Swift Current. The model output indicated that the amount of N mineralized in a growing season for wheat on fallow was similar to that for wheat on stubble, as we hypothesized. Further the model indicated that rate of fertilizer N had only minimal effect on N mineralized. We concluded that, despite the importance of knowing the Nmin capability of a soil, it is available water, initial levels of available N and rate of fertilizer N that are the main determinants of yield in this semiarid environment. The theoretical approach we have proposed must be validated under field conditions before it can be adopted for use. Key words: N mineralization, Hot KCl-NH4-N, potentially mineralizable N, CERES-wheat model

scholarly journals Evaluation of Organic Amendments against Rice Root-KnotNematode at Seedling Stage of Rice

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabin Kumar Dangal ◽  
D. Sharma Poudyal ◽  
S. M. Shrestha ◽  
C. Adhikari ◽  
J. M. Duxbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Lesion Severity

Pot experiment was conducted during July-September 2006 to evaluate some organic amendments such as sesame (Sesamum indicum) biomass, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) biomass, neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, chinaberry (Melia azedarch) leaves and chicken manure @ 1, 2 and 3 t ha-1 each against the rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden & Birchfield) in direct seeded rice. The treatments were replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. The number of second stage juveniles (J2) of M. graminicola was significantly low in chicken manure @ 3 t ha-1. The root knot severity index was significantly low in sesame @ 3 t ha-1, chinaberry @ 3, 2 or 1 t ha-1, neem @ 3 t ha-1 and chicken manure @ 2 or 3 t ha-1 amended soil but root lesion severity index was lower only in chicken manure @ 2 t ha-1 treated plots. The fresh shoot weight and length were significantly high in chicken manure amendment @ 2 or 3 t ha-1 at 45th day after seeding. However, the fresh root weight, length, number of leaves and number of J2 recovered from the roots were non-significant. Key words: biomass; juveniles; Meloidogyne graminicola; root-knot severity index; root lesion severity index DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3160 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 21-27

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