GRAZING IMPACTS ON INFILTRATION IN MIXED PRAIRIE AND FESCUE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS OF ALBERTA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. NAETH ◽  
R. L. ROTHWELL ◽  
D. S. CHANASYK ◽  
A. W. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Grazing Impacts ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Mixed Prairie ◽  
And Control

Infiltration capacity is generally reduced with increased grazing intensity and reduced range condition, mainly through vegetation and litter removal, soil structure deterioration, and compaction. Only one study has documented the effect of grazing on Canadian rangelands, necessitating further investigation. In this study, impacts of long-term grazing on infiltration were assessed in mixed prairie and fescue grassland ecosystems of southern and central Alberta, Canada. Grazing regimes were of light to very heavy intensities, grazed early, late, and continuously during the growing season. Ungrazed controls were evaluated at each site. Infiltration was measured with double ring infiltrometers. Heavy intensity and/or early season grazing had greater impact on infiltration than light intensity and/or late season grazing. In mixed prairie, initial and steady state infiltration rates in the control were 1.5 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than those in the early season grazed treatment. In parkland fescue, initial rates were lowest in June grazed treatments and steady state rates were highest in light autumn grazed and control treatments. Initial infiltration rates in foothills fescue control and light grazed treatments were 1.5–2.3 times those in heavy and very heavy grazed treatments. Steady state rates were 1.5–2 times higher in light grazed and control treatments than in moderate, heavy, and very heavy grazed treatments. Key words: Infiltration, infiltration rate, grazing, rangelands

Assessment of variability of soil Infiltration Characteristics in Forage Cover

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
AKRAM AHMED ◽  
A. K. PAL ◽  
V. K. PANDEY ◽  
MAHENDRA PRASAD ◽  
ASHUTOSH UPADHYAYA
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Horton Model

In India, very limited knowledge of soil infiltration characteristics in forages are available. In this study, infiltration characteristics of land covered by six forages have been studied with respect to bare land in sandy loam soil. Two empirical (Kostiakov and Horton) and two physically-based (Phillip and Green‒Ampt) models have been employed to estimate infiltration characteristics and compared with observed field infiltration data. The steady-state infiltration rates measured in forages and bare land were significantly (p less than 0.05) different. The highest average steady-state infiltration rate was measured in Panicum maximum (9.00 cm h-1) followed by TSH (7.40 cm h-1) and least was recorded in Cenchrus ciliaris (2.65 cm h-1) whereas the average steady-state infiltration rate recorded for bare land was 1.90 cm h-1. Results showed that the Kostiakov and Phillip model simulated the field infiltration characteristics with higher accuracy than the two other models except for Chrysopogonfulvus and bare land in which the Horton model outperformed other models. Higher steady-state infiltration rates in forages were attributed to more porosity measured in the soils under forages as compared to bare land.

scholarly journals Grazing Impacts on Litter and Soil Organic Matter in Mixed Prairie and Fescue Grassland Ecosystems of Alberta

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Naeth ◽  
A. W. Bailey ◽  
D. J. Pluth ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Grazing Impacts ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Mixed Prairie

Grazing impacts on soil water in mixed prairie and fescue grassland ecosystems of Alberta

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Naeth ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
R. L. Rothwell ◽  
A. W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Grazing Impacts ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Grazing Intensities ◽  
Mixed Prairie

Reduced soil water under grazing is generally attributed to reduced infiltration as livestock trampling compacts the soil surface. Grazing can also have the opposite effect on soil water through reduced evapotranspiration when vegetation is removed. On the Canadian Prairies, grazing impacts on soil water have been assessed in short-term studies but impacts of long-term grazing have not been documented. In this study, impacts of long-term grazing on soil water were assessed in mixed prairie, parkland fescue grassland, and foothills fescue grassland ecosystems of southern and central Alberta. Grazing regimes were of light to very heavy intensities, grazed early, late, and continuously during the growing season. Soil water was measured with a neutron probe to a depth of 1 m from April through October over three growing seasons. Normal patterns of soil water recharge in autumn and spring and soil water depletion in summer due to evapotranspiration were not altered by grazing. Fluctuations in soil water were most pronounced in the uppermost 30 cm but still evident in the 30- to 50-cm and 50- to 80-cm depth intervals. Heavy intensity and/or early season grazing had a greater impact on soil water than light intensity and/or late season grazing. Season of grazing affected soil water more under light than heavy grazing intensities. On most sampling dates, soil water in grazed treatments was lower than in the ungrazed control, particularly in the 30- to 50-cm and 50- to 80-cm depth intervals. Differences between the control and grazed treatments were least pronounced during the summer months with evapotranspiration depleting soil water reserves in all treatments. Key words: Soil water, grazing, rangelands, water uptake

Infiltration Rates Variation and its Factors Analysis in Groundwater Reservoir Infiltration Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1833-1836
Author(s):  
Shang Hai Du
Keyword(s):  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Saturation Zone ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Reservoir ◽  
Infiltration Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Alternative Field

The infiltration capacity is a decisive factor to ensure the effective operation of groundwater reservoir. This study analysis the infiltration capacity variation and its factors based on the data of infiltration test in Hutuo River Groundwater Reservoir. The results show that, there is a high infiltration rate in the alternative field, the infiltration rate is 3m/d, and decreased by 50% as 1.4m/d 6 days later; the contrast of soil permeability, vertical permeable rate of aerial zone, permeability of saturation zone between pre-test and post-test show that, the vertical permeable rate of aerial zone and permeability of saturation zone vary little, the descend of soil permeability is the main factor of the infiltration capacity decay.

scholarly journals Long-Term Infiltration Performance Evaluation of Dutch Permeable Pavements Using the Full-Scale Infiltration Method

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floris Boogaard ◽  
Terry Lucke
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Infiltration Method

This research used a newly developed, full-scale infiltration testing (FSIT) procedure to determine the saturated surface infiltration rate of 16 existing permeable pavement installations in the Netherlands that have been in service for a number of years. Newly installed permeable pavements in the Netherlands must demonstrate a minimum infiltration capacity of 194 mm/h (540 L/s/ha). Only four of the 16 pavements tested in this study had an infiltration capacity higher than 194 mm/h. Most previous research has focused on unsaturated infiltration rates. However, the results of this study show that the difference in infiltration capacity between saturated and unsaturated can differ by up to 300%. If the unsaturated infiltration capacity is used as design input for computer models, the infiltration capacity may be significantly overestimated. The study demonstrated that the FSIT method is a reliable and accurate way to measure surface infiltration rates of permeable pavements. However, it is recommended that a minimum of three different FSIT tests should be undertaken at the same pavement location, and that the results should be averaged, to ensure appropriate infiltration rates are observed, recorded, and used in design. The results of this study should help stormwater managers with the planning, testing, and scheduling of maintenance requirements for permeable pavements with more confidence so that they will continue to perform satisfactorily over their intended design life.

scholarly journals Infiltration Response of Adsorbent Amended Filters for Stormwater Management under Freezing/Thawing Conditions

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Monrabal-Martinez ◽  
Elena Scibilia ◽  
Sønke Maus ◽  
Tone M. Muthanna
Keyword(s):  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Unfrozen Water ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Unfrozen Water Content ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Constant Head

Coastal cold climates experience frequent intermittent melting and freezing periods over the cold period. This intermittent freezing in stormwater systems affects the infiltration capacity and hence the performance. This paper investigates the infiltration capacity of engineered filter media (composed of sand mixed with charcoal, pine bark, or olivine) under freezing temperatures in a column-based laboratory setup. Infiltration into partially frozen filter media was replicated using a climate room. The filter media in the columns were brought to −2.5 °C, and water at +2 °C was percolated through the columns with a constant head of 5 cm. Infiltration performance was assessed by observing the time until breakthrough, and the infiltration rate 24 h after breakthrough. The results were compared to the observed hydraulic conductivity for the unfrozen filter media. A novel approach combining the unfrozen water content curves with X-ray tomographic (XRT) images of the materials was adopted to better understand the thermal and infiltration processes. Breakthrough was observed between ca. 21 and 56 h in all columns. The column with homogeneously mixed filter media with sand yielded the quickest breakthrough. The infiltration rates were higher than recommendations for infiltration-based systems in cold climates, making them a suitable option in cold climates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Infiltration Rate of Landmark University Soils, Omu-Aran, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O Elemile ◽  
O.O Ibitoye ◽  
O.P Folorunso ◽  
E.M Ibitogbe
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effective Drainage

The processing of adequate information of characteristics of soils is essential for designing quality soil management and construction practices on agricultural and urban lands. Little is known about the infiltration capacity of soils in institutions of higher learning, this study therefore evaluated the infiltration capacity of soils in the Landmark University, Omu-Aran. The double ring infiltrometer with an inner ring of 30 cm and a 50 cm diameter outer ring with a height of 30 cm above the ground was used to test infiltration rates at two sites, namely the University of Omu-Aran’s orchard area (OA) and the new college building area (NCBA). Six points labelled (A, B, C, D, E and F) were identified at 10 m grid intervals at which infiltration rates were determined using a 30 cm inner ring double ring infiltrometer and a 30 cm height outer ring. Results of soil analysis suggests sand dirty and silt texture and bulk density and particle density varied from 2.54–3.03 g/cm3 and 1.31–1.52 g/cm3 respectively. The infiltration rates ranged between 0.007 to 0.011 cm/sec with a mean of 0.009cm/sec in orchard area (OA) and 0.011 to 0.035 cm/sec with a mean value of 0.021 cm/sec in NCBA indicating a significant difference at both locations. The infiltration rate of soils at the OA is very low compare to that of NCBA therefore the OA is more prone to flooding. Effective drainage control system is recommended along the orchard area to prevent flooding.

SOIL COMPACTING IMPACTS OF GRAZING IN MIXED PRAIRIE AND FESCUE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS OF ALBERTA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. NAETH ◽  
D. J. PLUTH ◽  
D. S. CHANASYK ◽  
A. W. BAILEY ◽  
A. W. FEDKENHEUER
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Mixed Prairie ◽  
Early Late

The impacts of long-term grazing on compaction were assessed in mixed prairie and fescue grassland ecosystems of Alberta. Grazing regimes were of light to very heavy intensities, grazed early, late, and continuously during the growing season. Bulk density was measured with a surface moisture/density gauge and a combination moisture/density probe to 65 cm. Penetration resistance to 30 cm was measured with a cone penetrometer. Solonetzic soils were less sensitive to compaction under grazing than Chernozemic soils. Heavy intensity and/or early season grazing had greater impacts on compaction than light intensity and/or late season grazing. Under the former grazing regimes, bulk density increased to 7.5 cm at Kinsella and 65 cm at Stavely; penetration resistance increased to depths of 2.5 cm at Brooks, 15 cm at Kinsella, and 30 cm at Stavely. Heavy trampling versus regular grazing increased penetration resistance to depths of 30 and 10 cm under heavy intensity and/or early season and light intensity and/or late season grazing, respectively. Late season grazing at Brooks and light to moderate grazing at Stavely may be used as management models to reduce compaction under grazing. Trends were not as clear at Kinsella, but light June and autumn grazing had the least compacting effect. Key words: Compaction, grazing, rangelands, penetration resistance, bulk density

Grazing Impacts on Infiltration Rates at Vernal Pools in the Modoc Plateau

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirte Iubelt ◽  
Laural Saito ◽  
Ashton Montrone ◽  
Peter Weisberg ◽  
Robert Blank
Keyword(s):  
Vernal Pools ◽  
Grazing Impacts ◽  
Infiltration Rates

Reduced substrate oxidation in postischemic myocardium: 13C and 31P NMR analyses

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. H1357-H1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Lewandowski ◽  
D. L. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
And Control ◽  
13C And 31P Nmr ◽  
Postischemic Myocardium

13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were used to assess substrate oxidation and high-energy phosphates in postischemic (PI) isolated rabbit hearts. Phosphocreatine (PCr) increased in nonischemic controls on switching from glucose perfusion to either 2.5 mM [3-13C]pyruvate (120%, n = 7) or [2-13C]acetate (114%, n = 8, P less than 0.05). ATP content, oxygen consumption (MVO2), and hemodynamics (dP/dt) were not affected by substrate availability in control or PI hearts. dP/dt was 40-60% lower in PI hearts during reperfusion after 10 min ischemia. Hearts reperfused with either pyruvate (n = 11) or acetate (n = 8) regained preischemic PCr levels within 45 s. Steady-state ATP levels were 55-70% of preischemia with pyruvate and 52-60% with acetate. Percent maximum [4-13C]glutamate signal showed reduced conversion of pyruvate to glutamate via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle at 4-min reperfusion (PI = 24 +/- 4%, means +/- SE; Control = 48 +/- 4%). The increase in 13C signal from the C-4 position of glutamate was similar to control hearts within 10.5 min. The increase in [4-13C]glutamate signal from acetate was not different between PI and control hearts. The ratio of [2-13C]Glu:[4-13C]Glu, reflecting TCA cycle activity, was reduced in PI hearts with acetate for at least 10 min (Control = 0.76 +/- 0.03; PI = 0.51 +/- 0.09) until steady state was reached. Despite rapid recovery of oxidative phosphorylation, contractility remained impaired and substrate oxidation was significantly slowed in postischemic hearts.

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