EFFECTS OF INTENSIVE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION ON CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND NUTRIENT MINERALIZATION OF A BRITISH COLUMBIA HUMISOL

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
B. M. OLSON ◽  
L. E. LOWE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization

A study was conducted to determine the effects of long-term vegetable production on some organic matter (OM) chemical properties in an organic soil located near Cloverdale, British Columbia. Producers in this area are concerned about yield reduction and some feel this is due to changes in the soil quality. Paired soil samples were collected from two transects: one in a 40-yr-old vegetable field, and the other in an adjacent fence row. The transects were positioned in order to collect samples from a relatively deep organic deposit and from a shallow deposit where a ridge of mineral subsoil had been exposed. Initial analysis showed that cultivation had changed some chemical properties only in the plow layer. The exception was pH which was higher throughout the sample depth of the cultivated transect. Organic matter loss from the cultivated field was estimated 28% by weight, based on ash accumulation. In the cultivated deep organic section (west of the ridge) OM and C contents were reduced by 7.1 and 5.6% respectively, whereas on the cultivated ridge OM, C, N and S contents and the amount of C, N and S mineralized were reduced by 43.3, 41.6, 43.4, 25.9, 42.8, 60.8 and 52.5%, respectively. On an ash-free basis there were no changes in the deep organic section. In the ridge, the OM sulphur content had increased and the amount of N and S mineralized were decreased compared with the uncultivated transect. In the cultivated surface layer, increased S content in the OM was caused by incorporation of a S-rich subsurface layer during tillage operations. Increases in P content in the cultivated transect were attributed to P fertilization. Within the cultivated transect, C, N and S contents in the exposed mineral ridge were 48, 48, and 44%, respectively, lower than in the deep organic surface layer on the west side of the ridge. The C:N ratios were unchanged at about 16. The chemical stability of the OM was attributed to its well-decomposed nature. At this particular site, the degradation due to excessive cultivation was manifested mainly in OM loss, rather than in changes in OM quality. The main concern of producers is to reduce or prevent further loss of soil OM. Key words: Humisol, organic soil, cultivation, mineralizable C, N and S, incubation

EFFECTS OF INTENSIVE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION ON THE HYDROLYZABLE CARBON, NITROGEN AND SULPHUR OF A BRITISH COLUMBIA HUMISOL

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. OLSON ◽  
L. E. LOWE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Soil Weight

Acid hydrolysis was used to examine organic matter (OM), C, N and S in adjacent uncultivated and cultivated (40 yr) sections of a humisol. Paired soil samples were collected along two transects, both of which included deep organic soil and an exposed mineral ridge. About one-third of the OM was hydrolyzed. Cultivation had no effect on hydrolysis of the deep organic soil, whereas the amount hydrolyzed was significantly reduced by 4.1% in the ridge samples. Total C hydrolyzed ranged from 22.8 to 26.9% with no effect caused by cultivation or transect position relative to the ridge. In contrast, 71.1–80.4% of total N and 39.1 to 49.3% of total S were hydrolyzed. Cultivation significantly reduced the proportion of total N hydrolyzed in the deep organic soil and the proportion of total S hydrolyzed in both the deep organic soil and the ridge sections. On a total soil weight basis, cultivation reduced the amount of OM, C, N and S hydrolyzed in the ridge samples by 43, 38, 44 and 39%, respectively, but had much less effect on the deep organic soil samples. For the most part the distribution of N forms was similar for the four transect sections. Most of the S hydrolyzed was in the hydriodic acid-reducible sulphur (HI-S) form. The hydrolyzates from the cultivated soil samples had higher C-S:HI-S ratios. The amount of S hydrolyzed in the OM was not affected by cultivation, whereas residue-S was increased by 35.1 to 64.7%. The problems encountered with S hydrolysis analysis were discussed. Key words: Cultivation, humisol, hydrolysis, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, sulphur

scholarly journals Quality and fertility of soils dedicated to the crop of Vitis vinifera L., var. Albariño in the district of the Salnés (Galicia)

OENO One ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Purificación Marcet ◽  
Luisa Andrade ◽  
F. Maillo ◽  
Luisa Reyzábal ◽  
M. J. Montero
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
Levene Test

<p style="text-align: justify;">This work tries to know the quality and fertility of soils dedicated to the crop of <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L., var. Albariño, taking into account the time of implantation of the crop and farm works employed.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Four farms have been selected in Meis (Pontevedra, Spain) where vineyard in grown with different antiquity in the implantation of this monocrop. One is three years old, two are six years old (one on a slope and other on a terrace) and the last one is seventy-five years old in the vineyard implantation.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">On other hand as reference controls three soils with natural vegetation of the area were chosen.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">In the selected soils quality and fertility soil indicators were determined. To do that it was evaluated the effect of the monocrop on different physical and chemical properties of the soils in two depths, surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40cm). The knowledge of the present state of the soils and their evolutive trends will allow us to correct possible desequilibra, to increase fertility and productivity maintaining soil and vineyard quality.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">All data were submitted to a statistic analysis, carrying out Levene test, ANOVAS and DMS. Partial correlation of the different parameters studied was made too, so as to observe possible relations among them.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The texture of all soils is mainly sandy, and in most of them the water movement is ruled by forces with a gravitatory origin that determine the water flow in depth without flooding danger. Rockiness decreases with the age of the crop in two studied depths.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Generally talking every soil is characterised by having a neuter pH with acid tendency, pointing up the high pH of the subsurface layer of the oldest vineyard significantly different from the rest.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The contents of organic matter decreases with the crop implantation time in the surface area, on the contrary the values of organic matter in the subsoil of different vineyards do not show significant differences statistically talking. The C/N relation is adequate in every soil and there aren’t differences among the soils of vineyards with different age. Neither exist differences among the available P contents in the surface layer of the soils of different age, while in the subsurface increases this content with the age of vineyard.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The contents of exchangeable Ca and the effective capacity of cationic exchange are higher in the oldest vineyards soils, though they are relatively low in all of them.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">In the surface area the level of exchangeable bases is adequate and equilibrated with a pH close to neutrality and low contents of exchangeable Al.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">In the surface layer the content of available Cu increases with the organic matter content and the age of vineyard. In every soils studied there is deficit of Zn in both layers.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Organochlorine pesticides levels are relatively high in all vineyards while organophosphorus compound levels are practically null.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Chemical fertility of the soil increases generally with the age of the crop though its maintenance requires modifying the cultural practices in order to avoid the diminishing organic matter content and the increasing Cu and organochlorine pesticides concentrations.</p>

scholarly journals Changes in the soil pH, EC, available P, DOC and inorganic N after land use change from rice paddy in northeast Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patria Novita Kusumawardani ◽  
Weiguo Cheng ◽  
Benito Heru Purwanto ◽  
Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Available P ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Rice Paddy Field

The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the basic soil chemical properties including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (P), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic Nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>- </sup>-N) after approximately 15-40 years land use change from rice paddy field to orchard, wetland and upland in northeast Japan. Five land use change fields were investigated, including, forest, rice paddy, orchard, wetland and upland near Kumagai shrine, Shonai-machi, Yamagata, Japan. Soil samples were collected from surface layer (0-15 cm) and subsurface layer (15-30 cm) in October 2015. Soil chemical properties of pH, EC, available P, DOC and inorganic N (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>- </sup>-N) were analyzed on air-dried samples. The pH increased significantly in the upland after 15 years conversion from rice paddy in both layers, with other land use changes only increasing pH in subsurface layer. EC significantly decreased in the surface layer of orchard and upland fields and in subsurface layers of all the converted fields. Available P significantly decreased in the converted fields, except in the upland subsurface layer. DOC amounts were not significantly different after land use changes from paddy fields. The NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>-N decreased significantly only in the surface layer of upland, while NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> -N increased significantly only in the surface layer of wetland. Significant changes in soil properties were observed after 15 years conversion to upland and 40 years conversion to orchard and wetland from former rice paddy field in this study.

scholarly journals Combined organic amendment effects on eggplant yield, soil fertility characteristics and humic acid quality

1969 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Ian C. Pagán-Roig ◽  
Joaquín A. Chong ◽  
José A. Dumas ◽  
Consuelo Estévez de Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Amended Soils

Soil fertility and organic matter have been hindered due to unsustainable agricultural practices. There is a need to develop and better understand the effect of combined organic amendments that have the potential to increase soil fertility and agricultural system sustainability. Compost incorporations, the use of coordinated fallows and other biological amendments are alternatives to better the soil and increase crop yield. Information is scarce about the effect of combined organic amendments over soil chemical properties and their impact on vegetable production. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of a combination of organic amendments we termed soil treatment management cycles (STMC) on soil chemical properties and eggplant yield in a San Antón soil. The STMC amendments consisted of incorporating organic matter from coffee pulp compost, planting and incorporation of a mixture of four green manure species, adding a mycorrhizae culture to the soil as well as compost tea. The different STMC were: control, no STMC (CL0); one STMC (CL1); two consecutive STMC (CL2); and three consecutive STMC (CL3). Results showed that CL1 was enough to significantly increase organic matter, P, K and S content in the soil compared with the non-amended soil. The concentration of Ca was significantly increased by three (CL3), and that of Mg by three (CL3) and two (CL2) STMC, compared to the other treatments. All treatments significantly changed soil pH, buffering it toward neutrality with increasing cycles when compared with pH 7.9 of no STMC control soils. Treatments CL1, CL2 and CL3 increased humic acid content 2.8, 3.8 and 5.9 times, respectively, when compared with CL0. Humic acids, extracted from unamended soils exhibited more condensation and more aromaticity when compared with those of amended soils. Nevertheless, the humic acids of amended soils showed high levels of polymerization. The enhancement in soil properties promoted by STMC resulted in an increase in eggplant fruit yield and biomass production.

THE INFLUENCE OF BASE SATURATION AND FERTILITY TREATMENTS ON YIELD AND CATION COMPOSITION OF CROPS GROWN ON TWO BRITISH COLUMBIA SOILS HIGH IN ORGANIC MATTER

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Beaton ◽  
Neville A. Gough ◽  
C. A. Rowles
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Soil Calcium

The influence of base saturation and fertility treatments on yield and cation composition of oats grown on two British Columbia soils high in organic matter was studied in the greenhouse. Increased base saturation significantly increased: the yield of oat forage on the Alouette soil (an organic soil), calcium uptake on both soils, magnesium content of oats grown on the Pitt soil, and tissue potassium with the Alouette soil.The yield decreased significantly when nitrogen was added to the Alouette soil. Nitrogen significantly increased tissue calcium on the Pitt soil. The magnesium and potassium content of oats was not influenced by nitrogen.With the Pitt soil there was a consistent (but not significant) trend showing that phosphorus increased yields. For the Alouette soil the interaction between phosphorus and base saturation significantly increased calcium absorption. Phosphorus tended to increase calcium uptake from both soils. Tissue magnesium increased significantly when phosphorus was added to the Pitt soil.There was a tendency (not significant) with both soils for yield to decrease as potassium was applied. When potassium was added to the Pitt soil there was a marked tendency for tissue magnesium to increase. A reverse trend occurred with the Alouette soil. Potassium fertilization of both soils significantly increased potassium absorption.

scholarly journals Intensive Vegetable Production Degrades Volcanic Ash Soil in Cabintan, Ormoc City, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Frances Mae Pizon ◽  
◽  
Anabella B. Tulin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soil

Long-term intensive cultivation leads to soil-related problems. This study was conducted to know the changes in physico-chemical properties of volcanic ash soil (Andisol) in Barangay Cabintan, Ormoc City, Leyte after ten years of intensive vegetable production. Five sampling sites were selected, representing fallow and intensively cultivated areas. The soils were collected and analyzed for particle size analysis (PSA), bulk density (Db), soil pH, organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable bases potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na). The findings of the current study were compared to the results reported by the ACIAR project ten years ago. The results revealed that the soil physico-chemical properties of Andisol changed within ten years. There were significant differences in soil physicochemical properties of Andisol across sites and depths as influenced by the two types of soil management over ten years. Soil management practices influenced the nutrient supplying capacity and the physico-chemical properties of the soil. Soil texture did not vary except for sites C and E (intensively cultivated areas). The bulk density remained low while the soil pH, soil organic matter, nitrogen, and exchangeable bases decreased. However, the available phosphorus increased under intensive vegetable production. The overall results highlighted the need to employ the appropriate soil management, specifically fertilizer application. An accurate and exact combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is highly recommended in the area to obtain the desired vegetable yield.

scholarly journals Pedogenic and Contemporary Issues of Fluvisol Characterization and Utilisation in the Wetlands of Bamenda Municipality, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-27
Author(s):  
Godswill Azinwie Asongwe ◽  
Bernard P. K. Yerima ◽  
Aaron Suh Tening ◽  
Irene Bongsiysi Bame
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Management Units

Fluvisols in urban wetlands in Bamenda Municipality Cameroon play a vital role in vegetable production but they are under immense pressure. Seven representative soil profiles and 21 surface soil samples were morphologically and/or physico-chemically characterized to classify the soils, evaluate their agro-utilization constraints, and to provide adequate data for planning sustainable land management. The soil samples were analyzed using standard procedures. Critical levels established for tropical crops and vegetables were used to declare deficiency of soil nutrients. The coefficient of variation were used as an index of soil variability, while sources of soil variation and subsequent grouping into management units were identified using principal component analysis. The soils, classified as Humi-umbric fluvisols are developed from young alluvio-colluvial material of granitic origin. Like other physico-chemical properties, organic matter varied irregularly down the profile. Except of pH which was slightly (CV<15%) variable, most soil properties were moderately (CV=15-35%) to highly (CV>35%) variable. Some correlation coefficients between the soil parameters were highly significant (p<0.01) ranging - 0.95 to 0.99, but most of them have correlation values less than 0.5. Six principal components (PCs) grouping soils in management units explained 96.2% of the variations observed in the soil properties. The PCs were: base status, organic matter, weathering and moisture retention, acidity, dispersal and N-mineralization, and mineral neo-synthesis factors. We recommend that a detailed mapping of soil properties be carried out for the establishment of a soil fertility map; and individual soil management practices defined for identified units instead of a common management for all units in the municipality.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

scholarly journals Springtime Upwelling and Its Formation Mechanism in Coastal Waters of Manaung Island, Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3777
Author(s):  
Yuhui Li ◽  
Yun Qiu ◽  
Jianyu Hu ◽  
Cherry Aung ◽  
Xinyu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Remote Forcing ◽  
Forcing Mechanisms ◽  
World Ocean Atlas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Wind Forcing

Multisource satellite remote sensing data and the World Ocean Atlas 2018 (WOA18) temperature and salinity dataset have been used to analyze the spatial distribution, variability and possible forcing mechanisms of the upwelling off Manaung Island, Myanmar. Signals of upwelling exist off the coasts of Manaung Island, in western Myanmar during spring. It appears in February, reaches its peak in March and decays in May. Low-temperature (<28.3 °C) and high-salinity (>31.8 psu) water at the surface of this upwelling zone is caused by the upwelling of seawater from a depth below 100 m. The impact of the upwelling on temperature is more significant in the subsurface layer than that in the surface layer. In contrast, the impact of the upwelling on salinity in the surface layer is more significant. Further research reveals that the remote forcing from the equator predominantly induces the evolution of the upwelling, while the local wind forcing also contributes to strengthen the intensity of the upwelling during spring.

Soil water repellency persistence after recurrent forest fires on Mount Carmel, Israel

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Tessler ◽  
Lea Wittenberg ◽  
Noam Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

Variations in forest fires regime affect: (1) the natural patterns of community structure and vegetation; (2) the physico-chemical properties of soils and consequently (3) runoff, erosion and sediment yield. In recent decades the Mediterranean ecosystem of Mount Carmel, north-western Israel, is subjected to an increasing number of forest fires, thus, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the long-term effects of single and recurrent fires on soil water repellency (WR) and organic matter (OM) content. Water repellency was studied by applying water drop penetration time (WDPT) tests at sites burnt by single-fire, two fires, three fires and unburnt control sites. Water repellency in the burnt sites was significantly lower than in the unburnt control sites, and the soil maintained its wettability for more than 2 decades, whereas after recurrent fires, the rehabilitation was more complicated and protracted. The OM content was significantly lower after recurrent than after a single fire, causing a clear proportional decrease in WR. The rehabilitation of WR to natural values is highly dependent on restoration of organic matter and revegetation. Recurrent fires may cause a delay in recovery and reduced productivity of the soil for a long period.

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