CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ROOT MAT HORIZONS IN SOME COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA PODZOLS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALE E. MARTIN ◽  
L. E. LOWE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Extractable Al ◽  
Root Channel

Podzols formed in high-rainfall areas of south coastal B.C. often have layers of highly organic material at depth in the profile, and in many cases, “pipes” of similar material angling down through the profile. These materials have a greasy feel, few discernible mineral grains, occasional remnants of wood structure and a cellular nature. The horizontal layers, termed "root mats", range in thickness from 1 cm to > 30 cm, and are overlain by coarse-textured material of low organic matter content. Chemically this material is similar to surficial H horizons with respect to C:N and N:S ratios, but closely resembles Podzolic B horizons with respect to Fe content and humus fraction ratios. In contrast oxalate-extractable Al values are remarkably high, sometimes exceeding 10%. The majority of the root mats can be classified as organic (> 17% organic C), either as H or O horizons. Those containing < 17% C meet the criteria for Bhf horizons. Key words: Root mat, root channel, oxalate-extractable Al, organic horizons

Near-infrared spectroscopy as a potential method for routine sediment analysis to improve rapidity and efficiency

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane F. Malley
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Sediment Analysis

The potential for improvement in the rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency of sediment analysis by the application of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is recognized. The rapid (&lt;2 min), non-chemical, non-destructive analytical technique of near-infrared (700–2500 nm) spectroscopy combines applied spectroscopy and complex statistics. It has been used for the experimental analysis of various constituents and functions of soils since the 1960s, and applications for the analysis of sediments are currently being explored. For application of NIRS, sediment samples require little preparation, other than drying, and the samples are not subject to the manipulations of conventional analytical techniques. The spectral information recorded in a 2 min scan can be used to predict numerous constituents and parameters on the samples once appropriate calibration equations have been prepared from sets of samples analyzed by both NIRS and conventional analytical techniques. Constituents and properties of soil and/or sediment analyzed by NIRS technology include moisture, organic matter content, organic C, CO3=, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, clay content, humic acids, lignin, cellulose, metal oxides, heavy metals, aggregate size, and inferred past pH of lakes. Several areas are identified where further research is needed to prepare for the application of NIRS to the routine analysis of sediments.

CADMIUM IN DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES AND ITS AVAILABILITY IN SOILS AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC MATTER AND ADDITIONS OF LIME, P, Cd AND Zn

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Plant Parts

The Cd concentration in 10 plant species grown in a neutral surface soil (0.65 ppm Cd) varied from 0.18 ppm in potato tubers to 0.99 ppm in soybean roots on a dry matter basis. Addition of 5 ppm Cd increased the concentrations in the plants markedly and they were particularly high in lettuce (10.36 ppm) and tobacco leaves (11.57 ppm). Cd concentrations tended to be lower in the edible portion (seed, fruit, tubers) than in other plant parts. Added Cd affected yields in only a few instances. But in another experiment, Cd added at a rate of 5 ppm to five soils decreased the yield of lettuce in most instances. In a comparison of results for two similarly managed sandy loam soils, nearly neutral in reaction but differing in organic matter content (2.17 vs. 15.95% organic C), the concentration of Cd was lower in lettuce grown in the soil with the higher amount of organic matter. The Cd content of the lettuce was reduced by liming some of the acid soils. Addition of Cd increased the concentration of Zn in the plants appreciably, but added Zn did not affect Cd uptake. In an incubation experiment comprising five soils, DTPA (diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid) extractable Cd decreased with liming of three Cd-treated acid soil samples. In comparisons of two sandy loam soils and of surface and subsoil layers of a sand, extractable Cd increased with higher amounts of soil organic matter.

Surfactant Effects on Picloram Adsorption by Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gaynor ◽  
V. V. Volk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Extractable Al

The effects of soil organic matter, clay, extractable Al, cation exchange capacity, and pH on the adsorption of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) from aqueous and surfactant solutions were investigated. Linear adsorption isotherms for the soils were obtained with the Freundlich equation. Of the five soil properties investigated, Freundlich K values correlated with extractable Al and clay content. Picloram adsorption from aqueous solutions and from the non-ionic and anionic surfactant solutions was greater on the soils at pH 5 than at pH 7. The anionic surfactant competed with picloram for adsorption sites on the soils at pH 5. Picloram adsorption from solutions containing 0.1 and 1% cationic surfactant was greater than that from aqeuous and anionic and nonionic surfactant solutions. Picloram adsorption from the 10% cationic surfactant solution was similar on soils with pH 5 and 7 and increased with decreased organic matter content.

Effect of crop rotations and fertilization on soil organic matter and some biochemical properties of a thick Black Chernozem

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
K. E. Bowren ◽  
L. Townley-Smith ◽  
M. Schnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Cropping Frequency

The effects of crop rotation and various cultural practices on soil organic matter and some biochemical characteristics of a heavy-textured, Orthic Black Chernozem with a thick A horizon were determined after 31 yr at Melfort, Saskatchewan. Treatments investigated included: fertilization, cropping frequency, green manuring, and inclusion of grass-legume hay crops in predominantly spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems. The results showed that neither soil organic C nor N in the top 15 cm of soil, nor hydrolyzable amino acids, nor C mineralized in 14 d at 20 °C were influenced by fertilization. However, the relative molar distribution (RMD) of the amino acids reflected the influence of fertilization and the phase (Rot-yr) of the legume green manure rotation sampled. Some characteristics assessed increased marginally with increasing cropping frequency but differences were less marked than results obtained earlier in a heavy-textured Black Chernozem with a thin A horizon at Indian Head, Saskatchewan. The relationship between soil organic matter or C mineralization versus estimated crop residues, residue C, or residue N returned to the land over the 31-yr period, were not significant in the Melfort soil. This contrasts with our findings for the thin Black soil. We speculate that the lack of soil organic matter response in the Melfort soil was due to its very high organic matter content (about 64 t ha−1C and 6.5 t ha−1N in the top 15 cm). We also hypothesized that the amino acid RMD results, which differed from most of those reported in the literature, may be reflecting the more recent cropping history of the soil. This aspect requires further research into the composition and distribution of the humic materials in this soil. Key words: Amino acids, relative molar distribution, C respiration, green manures, fertilization

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KESUBURAN TANAH DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Asmar Asmar ◽  
Amrizal Saidi ◽  
Masliyunas Masliyunas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic C

A research about relationship between soil properties and crop yield was conducted in Pandai Sikek, Tanah Datar Region, center for cabbage and carrot production, West Sumatra in 2004 and 2005.  Soil samples were collected from rainfed paddy soils by purposive random sampling.  Soil samples were analyzed in Soil Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty and Agriculture Polytechnique Laboratory, Andalas University.  Several soil physical properties analysed were soil bulk density and total soil pores by using gravimetric method, permeability with de Boodt method, soil water content at several pF values using pressure plate apparatus, and soil strength by using penetrometer.   Soil chemical parameters analysed were soil pH using pH-meter, organic-C using Walkley and Black, available P using Bray II, and cation exchange capacity using NH4-leaching at pH 7.0, and N-total using Kjehdhal method.  Crop productions were sampled from a 3x3 m2 of soil sampling area.  The result showed that soils planted by cabbage and carrot had good soil physical properties, such as having balanced pore size distribution.  The chemical properties of the soils were good as well, except N, K- and Ca-exchangeable which were very low.  The other soil properties were quite good.  Soil physical properties gave different response on both crops.  Carrots were more response aeration pore and soil organic matter content, then cabbage was more response on BV, TSP, and slow drainage pores.  While soil chemical properties did not give significant response.  Both crops responded on Ca, but cabbage was more response on N-total, and carrot on CEC and saturated cationKey Words: Soil Physical Properties, Soil Fertility, Crop Productivity

The effects of agronomy on the carbon and nitrogen contained in the soil biomass

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. McM. Adams ◽  
R. J. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Grassland Soil ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Total Soil N

SummarySoils of various agronomic histories were fumigated with chloroform, and the resultant increased production of CO2 and mineral-N measured and expressed as biomass C and the flush of mineral-N production (FN), respectively. Biomass C and FN contents of grassland soils were greater than those of arable soils, and significant correlations with macro organic-matter content were found. Biomass C contents varied from 7 to mg C/100 g soil in arable soil and from 31 to 222 mg C/100 g soil in grassland or woodland. The proportion of soil organic C that was contained within the biomass ranged from 0·3 to 4·0%, whilst FN comprised from 1·0 to 11·7% of total soil N. FNcontents ranged from 1·1 to 13·2mg N/1OOg soil for arable soils, and from 2·5 to 31·7 mg N/100 g soil for grassland and woodland. Application of organic manures increased biomass C and FN contents in grassland soil.

scholarly journals ADSORPTION OF HORMONE 17α-METHYLTESTOSTERONE IN SOILS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 948-959
Author(s):  
Matheus Borghezan ALBERTON ◽  
Cleber Antonio LINDINO
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
Soil Adsorption ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Typical Soil

With the increase in fish production in fish farming systems, mainly tilapia, the use of the hormone 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) as an inducer of the masculinization of fry has grown together. The probability of contamination of natural resources also tends to increase, and there is no Brazilian law that regulates the content of this hormone in waters. The study of the interaction of the hormone with the typical soil of the producing regions is essential to understand the factors that influence its adsorption. This work used two samples of Eutropherric Red Oxisols and the conditions of the interaction of the hormone in static (resting), and dynamic (agitation) processes were evaluated, using isothermal models. The results showed that the higher organic matter content of the soil and the higher salinity of the aqueous medium increases the adsorption of MT in the soil in the static process. For the dynamic process, the Fe content influences the higher adsorption in soil. The pH of the medium does not affect the adsorption in any of the processes. The adsorption has exothermic characteristics, and the adsorption equilibrium is reached in 24 hours, and the Freundlich model for the soil 1 sample and the Temkin model for the soil 2 sample is the most suitable for the adsorption process. According to parameters calculated for the Dubinin isotherm, soil adsorption tends to have chemical interactions between adsorbent-adsorbate. These results show concern for the amount of adsorbed hormone sediment in fish farming tanks and their release to the water body, with the possibility of contamination of natural resources.

Spectral Band Selection for Classification of Soil Organic Matter Content

1989 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1778-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey L. Henderson ◽  
Andrea Szilagyi ◽  
Marion F. Baumgardner ◽  
Chih-chien Thomas Chen ◽  
David A. Landgrebe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Band Selection ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Selection For

LOSS OF ORGANIC MATTER AND POTENTIALLY MINERALIZABLE NITROGEN FROM SASKATCHEWAN SOILS DUE TO CROPPING

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
W. SOUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N ◽  
Mineralizable Nitrogen ◽  
Gray Luvisol

Although it is known that considerable loss in total organic matter has occurred due to cultivation of prairie soils, there is little information on changes in the fertility-related fraction of the organic matter. Twelve prairie surface soils representing paired virgin and cultivated coarse-, medium-, and fine-textured soils from the Brown, Dark Brown, and thin Black Chernozem and Gray Luvisol soil zones were analyzed and used to assess changes in total C, N and potentially mineralizable N. Cropping caused large losses of organic C (41–53%) and N (31–56%), but losses of potentially mineralizable N (N0) were even greater for the Chernozems (55–67%) though not for the Gray Luvisols. N0 in virgin soils ranged between 133 and 401 μg N/g soil and increased from Gray Luvisol to Brown to Dark Brown to thin Black Chernozem. In cultivated soils, N0 was generally similar among soil zones and values ranged between 66 and 141 μg N/g soil. Medium-textured soils generally had the greatest organic matter content and N0. The active N fraction (N0/N) ranged between 4 and 20.5% and was greatest in Brown soils and in the coarser-textured soils. Losses of organic matter, N0, and N0/N were greatest from the coarser-textured soils. The findings of this study help to explain why a significant portion of prairie soils now require N fertilizer even after being summer-fallowed.

ESTIMATING THE ATTERBERG LIMITS OF SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN SOILS FROM TEXTURE AND CARBON CONTENTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. DE JONG ◽  
D. F. ACTON ◽  
H. B. STONEHOUSE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Contents

The soil water contents at the liquid and plastic limits (the Atterberg limits) are widely used in the classification of soils for engineering purposes. Approximately 500 soil samples (129 Ap horizons and 417 B and C horizons) collected over several years as part of the ongoing soil survey program in Saskatchewan were analyzed for texture and Atterberg limits. On about half of the samples water retention (−33 kPa and −1500 kPa matric potential and air dryness), and organic and inorganic C were also determined. The relationship between the Atterberg limits and soil properties was explored through correlation and regression analysis. Clay and organic matter content explained most of the observed variation in the Atterberg limits of the Ap horizons. Clay was the most important independent variable in the B and C horizons, while inorganic C had only a relatively small impact. Key words: Atterberg limits, texture, organic and inorganic C

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