COMPARISON OF SINGLE LARGE BROADCAST AND SMALL ANNUAL SEED-PLACED PHOSPHORUS TREATMENTS ON YIELD AND PHOSPHORUS AND ZINC CONTENTS OF WHEAT ON CHERNOZEMIC SOILS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. WAGAR ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
J. L. HENRY
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Broadcast Application

Yield and P and Zn contents of wheat from plots on a Dark Brown Chernozemic clay soil which received single broadcast P applications and annual seed-placed P applications were compared in a 6-yr study. Broadcast P applications of 20, 40, 80 and 160 kg P ha−1 increased the average yield by 9, 24, 33 and 35%, respectively. Yearly seed-placed P treatments of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 kg P ha−1 applied over the first 5 yr of the study increased the average yield by 10, 15, 24 and 29%, respectively. The broadcast application of 40 kg P ha−1 increased yields over 5 yr and had an average yield and P uptake similar to that of the annual seed-placed applications of 10 and 20 kg P ha−1. Broadcasting 80 and 160 kg P ha−1 increased yields over 6 yr. Soil levels of extractable NaHCO3-Pi indicated future increases may occur. Yields from plots receiving consecutive seed-placed P treatments significantly benefited from the P residues of previous seed-placed applications. Plant zinc concentration was significantly reduced by the broadcast application of 160 kg P ha−1 and the seed-placed application of 20 kg P ha−1. Key words: Broadcast P, seed-placed P, residual P, P-Zn interaction

EFFECTS OF LEONARDITE APPLICATIONS ON PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY AND CORN GROWTH

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. DUPLESSIS ◽  
A. F. MacKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

The effects on corn of adding leonardite to a clay and a loamy sand soil were investigated. Leonardite increased corn yields, P uptake and N uptake on the loamy sand but had no effect when added to the clay soil. Additions of monocalcium phosphate (MCP) to both soils increased yields and P uptake but no interactions were noted between MCP and leonardite. Possible mechanisms of action of leonardite are discussed. Key words: Phosphorus, leonardite, growth chamber, corn

CHANGES WITH TIME IN THE FORM AND AVAILABILITY OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS ON CHERNOZEMIC SOILS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. WAGAR ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
J. O. MOIR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Labile P ◽  
P Transformations ◽  
Stable Forms

A sequential phosphorus (P) fractionation procedure was used to measure the changes in the labile and stable forms of inorganic and organic P following single broadcast P applications to Canadian Chernozemic soils under cereal cropping. Approximately half of the fertilizer residues remained in plant-available forms (resin, NaHCO3). In a Black Waskada clay loam 8 yr after the application of 200 and 400 kg P ha−1, residual fertilizer P consisted of resin-P, 30–40%; HCl-P, 25–30%; residue-P, 10–15%; NaOH-P, 10–15%, NaHCO3-P, 10%; and aggregate protected P, 3%. The residues in a Dark Brown Sutherland clay 5 yr after the application of 160 kg P ha−1 were: resin-P, 35%; NaOH-P, 30–40%; NaHCO3-P, 15%; HCl-P, 0–5%; H2SO4-P, 5%; and aggregate protected P, 5%. The soils differed in the quantity of fertilizer recovered in inorganic HCl-extractable forms. In the Sutherland soil the change from wheat-fallow to continuous wheat cropping produced a build-up of organic P which occurred with and without the addition of P fertilizer. Key words: Residual P, P transformations, Labile Pi; labile Po, stable Pi stable Po

scholarly journals Gafsa rock phosphate and triple superphosphate for dry matter production and P uptake by corn

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossini Mattos Corrêa ◽  
Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento ◽  
Silvana Keely de Sá Souza ◽  
Fernando José Freire ◽  
Gleibson Barbosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Corn Plants

Crops in general make poor use of phosphorous fertilizer and, as a result, recommended rates and production costs are very high. Phosphorus can be made more readily available to plants by proper management of phosphate fertilization, selecting both, type of fertilizer and application method. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the natural Gafsa rock phosphate and the triple superphosphate on dry matter production and P uptake by corn plants cultivated in a greenhouse. Fertilizers were applied localized and broadcast/incorporated on to two soils with contrasting phosphorus capacity factors (PCF). Rock phosphate broadcast application was as efficient as triple superphosphate in increasing corn plant dry matter in the Tropudult, with lower PCF. This effect was not observed on the Haplustox, owing to the lower P solubility due to the higher Ca concentration in this soil. Triple superphosphate rates increased plant P uptake in both soils and for both application forms. Rock phosphate resulted in higher P-content in plants, but only for broadcast application on the Ultisol.

Response by sugar beet to superphosphate, particularly in relation to soils containing little available phosphorus

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Cost

SUMMARYTwenty experiments between 1970 and 1974 tested the effect of five amounts of triple superphosphate (0–110 kg P/ha) on sugar-beet yield in fields where soil contained little sodium bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus. The average yield without phosphorus fertilizer was 6·69 t/ha sugar and the increase from the optimum dressing 0·46 t/ha; the average soil concentration was 12 mg P/l. The fertilizer increased yield by 0·77 t/ha sugar on fields with 0–9 mg/l soil phosphorus, by 0·31 t/ha when soil phosphorus was 10–15 mg/l and had little effect on soils containing larger amounts.The concentration of phosphorus in plants harvested in mid-summer contained on average 0·29% P in dried tops and 0·13% in roots when given no phosphorus fertilizer, representing a total of 19·3 kg/ha P uptake. Giving superphosphate increased the phosphorus in both dried tops and roots by up to 0·03% and there was 3·7 and 1·7 kg/ha more phosphorus in tops and roots respectively. On the most responsive fields (0–9 mg/l soil P), the fertilizer increased the phosphorus in tops and roots by 0·05% and total uptake by 7 kg P/ha. The increase in uptake (or recovery) of fertilizer varied from 15% when 14 kg P/ha was given to less than 5% when 110 kg P/ha was used.A dressing of 27 kg P/ha was adequate for maximum yield on 19 of the 20 fields. When fields were grouped, 0–9, 10–15, 16–25 and > 26 mg/l NaHCO3-soluble soil phosphorus, and taking into account the value of the increased sugar yield, the cost of the fertilizer and its residual value, 60, 30, 20 and 10 kg P/ha respectively were the most profitable dressings. These experiments provide evidence, however, that the fertilizer would be used more efficiently if fields containing 0–9 mg soil phosphorus were subdivided into those with 0–4·5 and those with 4·6–9·0 mg/l and the groups given 80 and 40 kg P/ha respectively. These recommendations are substantially less than those used at present; they are adequate for sugar beet but other crops in the rotation would need similar close examination to ensure maximum yield and maintain adequate soil reserves of phosphorus.

RESIDUAL PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILITY FOR AN ACID, CLAYEY, FORESTED SOIL IN THE PRESENCE OF OXALATE AND CITRATE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. COMERFORD ◽  
M. F. SKINNER
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Residual Phosphorus ◽  
P Sorption

A highly weathered, clayey soil was sampled 14 yr after a Pinus radiata stand was broadcast fertilized with 0, 50 and 200 kg P ha−1 as ordinary superphosphate. Incremental loadings of oxalate and citrate anions from 10 to 100 μmol of anion g−1 soil were evaluated for increased soluble, reactive P (SRP) and soluble, nonreactive (SNP) P. Sorption isotherms were compared to evaluate the effect of the previous fertilization on P sorption by the soil material sampled, and also to measure SNP displacement by orthophosphate-P. A portion of the SNP pool was more readily released than SRP and orthophosphate displaced a significant amount of SNP. After 14 yr the effect of fertilization was still obvious in the sampled soil material. Much of the organic anion-soluble P was in the SRP form. Key words: Citrate, organic P, orthophosphate, oxalate, Pinus radiata, residual P

Controlled release of phosphorus fertilizers by small, frequent additions in water solution

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nyborg ◽  
E. D. Solberg ◽  
D. G. Pauly
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers

Controlled release of P was investigated with barley plants grown on two soils. Phosphorus fertilizers (monoammonium phosphate [MAP], diammonium phosphate [DAP] and ammonium polyphosphate [APP]) were dissolved in water and were applied full dose at sowing; 1/22 dose every 2nd day and 1/4 dose each 11th day. Uptake of fertilizer P in barley was much greater when the P was applied every 2nd and 11th day compared to only the day of sowing. Key words: Barley, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, P uptake, P yield, release of P

scholarly journals SEEDBED PREPARATION FOR RAPESEED GROWN ON FALLOW AND STUBBLE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Silty Clay Soil ◽  
Tillage Operations

Seedbed preparation (SP) systems for Brassica napus and B. campestris cultivars grown on both tilled fallow and on barley stubble were evaluated for 3 yr on Melfort silty clay soil to determine whether the number of tillage operations could be reduced without adversely affecting yield. On fallow, treatments including spring tillage increased the risk of drying out of the seedbed, thereby, delaying crop development and reducing yield. In 1985, this practice delayed maturity by 2.8 d and reduced yield by 225 kg ha−1. In those instances where there were significant differences, SP treatments without spring tillage gave highest yields. Leaving cereal stubble standing over winter to trap snow and incorporating trifluralin in the spring delayed rapeseed maturity by 1.2 d on average. Yield of Tobin rapeseed was unaffected by SP treatment, but the yield of OAC Triton and Westar was highest when tillage was reduced, trifluralin incorporated in the fall and a herbicide used for preseeding weed control in the spring. Direct drilling of OAC Triton gave similar yields to reduced tillage, but this practice resulted in lowest yields of Westar.Key words: Rapeseed, tillage, seedbed, Brassica spp.

scholarly journals Influence of method and date of planting on the production of lettuce

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
PCD Sharma ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MAH Mollah ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Seed Sowing

The effect of two planting methods (direct seed sowing and transplanting of seedlings) and seven dates of planting (8 Oct., 2 Nov., 27 Nov., 22 Dec., 16 Jan., 10 Feb. and 5 March) on the production of lettuce was compared. ‘Green Wave’ a loose leaf Japanese variety was used. The average yield of the direct seeded crops (17.16 t/ha) was found to be almost double than that of the transplanted crops (9.08). The yields (t/ha) from different dates of planting were 13.7 (8 Oct.), 15.04 (2 Nov.), 8.94 (27 Nov.), 14.54 (22 Dec.), 21.45 ( 16 Jan.) 10.16 (10 Feb.), and 8.02 (5 March). The highest yield of 24.0 t/ha was obtained from direct seedling on 16 January. Key Words: Method; date; planting; production of lettuce. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5756Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(1) : 75-80, March 2009

Phosphorus accumulation by field-grown canola crops and the potential for deep phosphorus placement in a Mediterranean-type climate

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J. Rose ◽  
Zed Rengel ◽  
Qifu Ma ◽  
John W. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Placement ◽  
Seed Yields

When the bulk of phosphorus (P) is located near the soil surface, spring drying of topsoil in Mediterranean-type climates can reduce P availability to crops and cause potential yield loss. In crop species that require a P supply during spring, deep-placement of P fertiliser has proved an effective method of improving P availability and grain yields; however, the spring P demand of field-grown canola (Brassica napus L.) and therefore potential response to deep P placement is not known. This study investigated the effect of deep- (0.17–0.18 m), conventional- (shallow, 0.07–0.08 m), split- (50% deep, 50% shallow), and nil-P fertiliser treatments on P accumulation and seed yields of canola in two field trials. In addition, a glasshouse experiment with different depths of P fertiliser placement and topsoil drying at different growth stages was conducted. In the glasshouse study, deep P placement resulted in greater P uptake by plants, but did not increase seed yields regardless of the time of topsoil drying. At the relatively high-soil-P field site (canola grown on residual P application from the previous year) in a dry season, there was no biomass response to any residual P fertiliser treatments, and P accumulation had ceased by mid flowering. At the low-P field site, P accumulation continued throughout flowering and silique-filling, and seed yields increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in the order of split- > deep- > shallow- > nil-P treatments. Improved seed yields in the split- and deep-P treatments appeared to be the direct result of enhanced P availability; in particular, P uptake during vegetative growth (winter) was higher in the treatments with deep P placement. A greater understanding of P accumulation by field-grown canola in relation to soil P properties is needed for better defining optimum P fertiliser placement recommendations.

FERTILITY OF A CHERNOZEMIC CLAY SOIL AFTER 50 YEARS OF CROPPING WITH AND WITHOUT FORAGE CROPS IN THE ROTATION

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In recent field trials nitrogen–phosphorus fertilizer increased the yield of wheat following summerfallow on a Chernozemic clay soil cropped previously for 50 years in a summerfallow, wheat, wheat rotation. But the fertilizer had no significant effect on wheat yield when the previous cropping system during the 50-year period was summerfallow, wheat, oats, brome–alfalfa for3 years, intertilled corn, wheat, and oats. The beneficial effect of brome–alfalfa in the rotation was reflected in a higher yield of wheat. The average yield of grain per year in the recent trials was 400 kg/ha higher when brome–alfalfa had been included in the rotation.The brome–alfalfa crops produced a better physical condition in the soil. Furthermore, soil samples from the rotation containing brome–alfalfa had higher contents of nitrogen, organic carbon, and total phosphorus than did the samples from the summerfallow, wheat, wheat rotation.

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