FERTILITY OF A CHERNOZEMIC CLAY SOIL AFTER 50 YEARS OF CROPPING WITH AND WITHOUT FORAGE CROPS IN THE ROTATION

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In recent field trials nitrogen–phosphorus fertilizer increased the yield of wheat following summerfallow on a Chernozemic clay soil cropped previously for 50 years in a summerfallow, wheat, wheat rotation. But the fertilizer had no significant effect on wheat yield when the previous cropping system during the 50-year period was summerfallow, wheat, oats, brome–alfalfa for3 years, intertilled corn, wheat, and oats. The beneficial effect of brome–alfalfa in the rotation was reflected in a higher yield of wheat. The average yield of grain per year in the recent trials was 400 kg/ha higher when brome–alfalfa had been included in the rotation.The brome–alfalfa crops produced a better physical condition in the soil. Furthermore, soil samples from the rotation containing brome–alfalfa had higher contents of nitrogen, organic carbon, and total phosphorus than did the samples from the summerfallow, wheat, wheat rotation.

scholarly journals Available plant nutrients in soil as influenced by planting methods and herbicidal treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh Brar ◽  
Parmodh Sharma ◽  
Charanjit Singh Kahlon ◽  
U.S. Walia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the predominant cropping system of North Indian region. Due to continuous following of rice-wheat cropping system every year, weed infestation particularly in wheat, has emerged a major problem resulting in reduced wheat yield and nutrient mining. Integration of suitable planting methods, along with effective weed control measures, can reduce the weed infestation and nutrient mining from the soil and can enhance available plant nutrients in the soil. To evaluate the influence of different planting techniques and weed control practices in wheat on available plant nutrients in soil, a field study was conducted at the department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (India) for two consecutive years. The treatments comprised of five planting techniques: conventional tillage, zero till sowing without rice stubbles, zero till sowing in standing rice stubbles , zero till sowing after partial burning of rice stubbles and bed planting and five weed control treatments i.e. clodinafop 60 g/ha, clodinafop 60 g/ha fb 2, 4-D 0.5 kg/ha, sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron 12 g/ha and unweeded (control). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with planting methods in the main plot and herbicidal treatments in the sub plot with three replications. The results of the study showed that zero till sowing of wheat in standing rice stubbles observed significantly higher soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium than conventional till wheat sowing after removal of rice residues. Although partial burning of rice stubbles also showed positive trend in soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium but retort was less distinct than rice stubbles without burning. Further, zero tillage alone also showed improvement in soil organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium over conventional tillage. Application of herbicides did not diverge soil organic carbon, but significantly improved the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in soil than the unweeded (control).

scholarly journals Using the DSSAT model to simulate wheat yield and soil organic carbon under a wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 2300-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-long LIU ◽  
Hong-bin LIU ◽  
Qiu-liang LEI ◽  
Li-mei ZHAI ◽  
Hong-yuan WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Dssat Model

scholarly journals Organic carbon content and Fe-organo association in soils under rice dominant cropping system in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Puja Biswas ◽  
Md Sanaul Islam ◽  
Abu Bakor Siddique ◽  
Milton Halder
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses

Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is significant for nutrient recycling and mitigation of greenhouse gasses emission from soil environment. It is investigated as to how SOC is varied and stored at iron (Fe) interface under different cropping systems. Thus, the experiment was conducted at three cropping systems consisted as Fallow-Fallow-Fallow (FL), Fallow - Fallow - Rice (OC), Fallow- Rice - Rice (TC). Soil samples were collected from the indicated cropping systems and three parameters were assessed: SOC, amorphous Fe oxides (Feo) and organically complex Fe (Fep) oxides. The results revealed that SOC content reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in the order of FL < OC < TC. Feo and Fep oxides also reduced significantly under OC and TC cropping systems compared to FL. A significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation between Feo and Fep oxides with SOC (r = 0.93, r = 0.86, respectively) was observed. The results suggest that Feo and Fep play a significant role to improve SOC storage through complex formation in soils of rice dominant cropping system.

scholarly journals Persistence of residual herbicides in maize silage fields

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 417-417
Author(s):  
M.R. Trolove ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
A. Rahman ◽  
G.A. Hurrell ◽  
M. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Alternative Crops

Annual ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is typically grown in the winter following maize (Zea mays) silage but alternative crops such as oats (Avena sativa) and triticale (x Triticosecale) are being investigated The persistence of residual herbicides used in maize silage crops was investigated in three field trials located in Waikato (55 organic carbon) Taranaki (84 OC) and Canterbury (37 OC) planted on 3 5 and 16 October 2008 respectively Herbicides investigated included atrazine and acetochlor applied preemergence and mesotrione and nicosulfuron applied 612 weeks after planting Broadleaf weeds in control plots were removed with the nonresidual herbicide bromoxynil Soil samples (10 cm depth) were collected about the time of silage harvest and herbicide residues determined by glasshouse bioassay using oats and mustard (Brassica nigra) Detection limits ranged from 00101 mg/kg for atrazine and acetochlor 0005002 mg/kg for mesotrione and 0002001 mg/kg for nicosulfuron Using oats no residues were detected at any of the sites but the mustard bioassay found about 0005 mg/kg nicosulfuron at the Taranaki site which was the last site treated post emergence and with the least rainfall (180 mm) between application and sampling (215 mm for Waikato; 350 mm for Canterbury)

Predicting particulate pools of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in lakes

2007 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas C. Bryhn ◽  
Dag O. Hessen ◽  
Thorsten Blenckner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

scholarly journals Effects and Economic Sustainability of Biochar Application on Corn Production in a Mediterranean Climate

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3313
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Aguirre ◽  
María Teresa Martín ◽  
Sergio González ◽  
Manuel Peinado
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mediterranean

The effects of two types of biochar on corn production in the Mediterranean climate during the growing season were analyzed. The two types of biochar were obtained from pyrolysis of Pinus pinaster. B1 was fully pyrolyzed with 55.90% organic carbon, and B2 was medium pyrolyzed with 23.50% organic carbon. B1 and B2 were supplemented in the soil of 20 plots (1 m2) at a dose of 4 kg/m2. C1 and C2 (10 plots each) served as control plots. The plots were automatically irrigated and fertilizer was not applied. The B1-supplemented plots exhibited a significant 84.58% increase in dry corn production per square meter and a 93.16% increase in corn wet weight (p << 0.001). Corn production was no different between B2-supplemented, C1, and C2 plots (p > 0.01). The weight of cobs from B1-supplemented plots was 62.3%, which was significantly higher than that of cobs from C1 and C2 plots (p < 0.01). The grain weight increased significantly by 23% in B1-supplemented plots (p < 0.01) and there were no differences between B2-supplemented, C1, and C2 plots. At the end of the treatment, the soil of the B1-supplemented plots exhibited increased levels of sulfate, nitrate, magnesium, conductivity, and saturation percentage. Based on these results, the economic sustainability of this application in agriculture was studied at a standard price of €190 per ton of biochar. Amortization of this investment can be achieved in 5.52 years according to this cost. Considering the fertilizer cost savings of 50% and the water cost savings of 25%, the amortization can be achieved in 4.15 years. If the price of biochar could be reduced through the CO2 emission market at €30 per ton of non-emitted CO2, the amortization can be achieved in 2.80 years. Biochar markedly improves corn production in the Mediterranean climate. However, the amortization time must be further reduced, and enhanced production must be guaranteed over the years with long term field trials so that the product is marketable or other high value-added crops must be identified.

scholarly journals Tracking Changes on Soil Structure and Organic Carbon Sequestration after 30 Years of Different Tillage and Management Practices

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Ramón Bienes ◽  
Maria Jose Marques ◽  
Blanca Sastre ◽  
Andrés García-Díaz ◽  
Iris Esparza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Wilting Point

Long-term field trials are essential for monitoring the effects of sustainable land management strategies for adaptation and mitigation to climate change. The influence of more than thirty years of different management is analyzed on extensive crops under three tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT), and with two crop rotations, monoculture winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat-vetch (Triticum aestivum L.-Vicia sativa L.), widely present in the center of Spain. The soil under NT experienced the largest change in organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, macroaggregate stability, and bulk density. In the MT and NT treatments, SOC content was still increasing after 32 years, being 26.5 and 32.2 Mg ha−1, respectively, compared to 20.8 Mg ha−1 in CT. The SOC stratification (ratio of SOC at the topsoil/SOC at the layer underneath), an indicator of soil conservation, increased with decreasing tillage intensity (2.32, 1.36, and 1.01 for NT, MT, and CT respectively). Tillage intensity affected the majority of soil parameters, except the water stable aggregates, infiltration, and porosity. The NT treatment increased available water, but only in monocropping. More water was retained at the permanent wilting point in NT treatments, which can be a disadvantage in dry periods of these edaphoclimatic conditions.

scholarly journals A Two-Stage Approach to the Estimation of High-Resolution Soil Organic Carbon Storage with Good Extension Capability

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Sunwei Wei ◽  
Zhengyong Zhao ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Xiaogang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Organic Carbon Storage

Soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) estimation is a crucial branch of the atmospheric–vegetation–soil carbon cycle study under the background of global climate change. SOCS research has increased worldwide. The objective of this study is to develop a two-stage approach with good extension capability to estimate SOCS. In the first stage, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is adopted to estimate SOCS based on 255 soil samples with five soil layers (20 cm increments to 100 cm) in Luoding, Guangdong Province, China. This method is compared with three common methods: The soil type method (STM), ordinary kriging (OK), and radial basis function (RBF) interpolation. In the second stage, a linear model is introduced to capture the regional differences and further improve the estimation accuracy of the Luoding-based ANN model when extending it to Xinxing, Guangdong Province. This is done after assessing the generalizability of the above four methods with 120 soil samples from Xinxing. The results for the first stage show that the ANN model has much better estimation accuracy than STM, OK, and RBF, with the average root mean square error (RMSE) of the five soil layers decreasing by 0.62–0.90 kg·m−2, R2 increasing from 0.54 to 0.65, and the mean absolute error decreasing from 0.32 to 0.42. Moreover, the spatial distribution maps produced by the ANN model are more accurate than those of other methods for describing the overall and local SOCS in detail. The results of the second stage indicate that STM, OK, and RBF have poor generalizability (R2 < 0.1), and the R2 value obtained with ANN method is also 43–56% lower for the five soil layers compared with the estimation accuracy achieved in Luoding. However, the R2 of the linear models built with the 20% soil samples from Xinxing are 0.23–0.29 higher for the five soil layers. Thus, the ANN model is an effective method for accurately estimating SOCS on a regional scale with a small number of field samples. The linear model could easily extend the ANN model to outside areas where the ANN model was originally developed with a better level of accuracy.

Screening of Antagonistic Bacterium to Control Konjac Soft Rot

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4427-4430
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Antagonistic Bacterium

Konjac soft rot is a bottleneck limiting konjac yield caused by bacterial strain of Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora. In order to control konjac soft rot, soil samples were collected, and each sample was spread on surface of a plate seeded with E. carotovora var. carotovora in advance. Strains expressing antagonistic activities were selected and then isolated with streak plate method. One bacterial strain (named Z10) was obtained from soil by this method. In field trials, strain Z10 still showed antagonistic effect against the bacterial pathogen.

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