SOIL AND SUBSOIL MOISTURE ACCUMULATION DUE TO DRYLAND AGRICULTURE IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. CHRISTIE ◽  
D. N. GRAVELAND ◽  
C. J. PALMER
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Dryland Agriculture ◽  
Dryland Salinity ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Southern Alberta

Subsoil moisture accumulation due to cultivation and particularly summerfallowing is considered as an important causative agent of dryland salinity. However, few studies have been conducted to quantify the magnitude of this accumulation. The amount of additional moisture that had accumulated under cultivated land as compared to adjacent native prairie was determined at two sites in Southern Alberta. In comparison to noncultivated sites, a total of 74.0 cm of additional moisture was found under the cultivated area of a Dark Brown Chernozem and 36.2 cm under a Brown Chernozem to a depth of 6 m. Only relatively insignificant changes in salt content were found. Key words: Dryland salinity, soil moisture, soluble salts

EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM IRRIGATION ON SOIL SALINITY AT SELECTED SITES IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CHANG ◽  
M. OOSTERVELD
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Initial Salt

The effects of long-term irrigation on soil salinity were studied at 13 selected sites within four major irrigation districts in southern Alberta. Of these sites, 10 have been under irrigation for over 60 yr and three for 25 yr. Soil textures ranged from sandy loam to clay. The total soluble salts in the soil profiles were either reduced or unchanged after long-term irrigation at all sites except one, which had an 11% increase but an EC of the saturation extract still less than 1 mS∙cm−1. The magnitude of reduction in soluble salts of the other soil profiles was related to the initial salt content and ranged from 0 to 82% of the original content. The SAR decreased in the subsoil at all sites. It is evident that long-term irrigation did not salinize the soils at these sites, which are considered to be representative of much of the irrigated land in this area.

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Difficulties in using 137Cs to measure erosion in stubble-mulched soil

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bremer ◽  
H. H. Janzen ◽  
E. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Cesium 137

Soil erosion may be difficult to quantify from redistribution of 137Cs at sites where stubble-mulch techniques were adopted prior to 137Cs deposition, because appreciable 137Cs may have been transported before it was mixed into the soil Ap layer. We present evidence that this occurred in two long-term cropping experiments in southern Alberta. Key words: Cesium-137, tillage, long-term crop rotations, fallow

Dynamics of Soil Moisture and Salt Content After Infiltration of Saline Ice Meltwater in Saline-Sodic Soil Columns

Pedosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye XIAO ◽  
Zhigang HUANG ◽  
Fan YANG ◽  
Zhichun WANG ◽  
Xia ZHOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Sodic Soil

Two Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) of the Herbaceous Vegetation in an Inland Wetland Ecosystem of Doon Valley Himalaya, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Manhas ◽  
M. K. Gautam ◽  
Deepa Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Indicator Species Analysis ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Doon Valley ◽  
Species Analysis

In swamp distribution, dominance and survival of a species is very much governed by the soil moisture and period of flooding. The present study was conducted to classify the communities and plant species, and to have an idea about various associations of plants present in the swamp with respect to soil moisture. Two way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) classified the communities into four and plant species into eleven groups. The communities with least soil moisture were the first to be segregated and with highest soil moisture last. Similarly, the species growing in drier condition was clustered separately from the moisture loving indigenous species. Key words: TWINSPAN; vegetation; inland wetland; India DOI: 10.3126/jowe.v3i0.2433 Journal of Wetlands Ecology, (2009) Vol. 3, pp 23-31

scholarly journals Examination of soils and crops after the inundations of 1st February, 1953. III. Sensitivity to salt of inundated fruit crops.

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
W.G. Beeftink
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growth Condition ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Tree Resistance

Characteristic symptoms of salt water flood damage are described for apples, pears, plums, cherries, currants, gooseberry, walnuts, grapes and mulberries. In general the crops showed symptoms of drying out, indicating their inability to absorb enough water. A table of the approximate sensitivity of the fruit crops, and also of apple and pear varieties was compiled; there was a wider range of sensitivity in apples than in pears. The sensitivity of the chief Malling rootstocks did not appear to run parallel to their vigour. The salt content of the soil moisture was the limiting factor for apple and pear recovery; 7-8 g. per litre for apples, and 11-12 g. for pears were the limits beyond which trees could not be saved. Flooding had no influence on the growth condition of apples and pears until after it had lasted 8 or 9 weeks. Tree age had no clear effect on sensitivity, though apple trees of 25 years and over had less resistance. Deep cultivation before flooding, soil exhaustion, and general neglect had detrimental effects on tree resistance. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Stomatal Frequency and Distribution in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Relation to Soil Moisture

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
NK Paul ◽  
RK Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Stomatal Frequency

Effect of soil moisture on stomatal frequency and distribution of mustard was studied. The irrigated plants had significantly higher number of stomata on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaf than the rainfed plants. No significant effect of soil moisture on stomatal frequency of stem and pod was found. Key words: Mustard, soil moisture, stomatal frequency, pod. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(3), 353-356 2007

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT OF ALFALFA FOR SEED

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. KROGMAN ◽  
E. H. HOBBS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

In field plot experiments conducted in southern Alberta over a 6-yr period, highest seed yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Beaver) were obtained with one or two irrigations in the first half of the growing season. In outdoor lysimeters protected from rain, moisture stress for more than 8 days before seed ripening severely reduced seed production. Under field conditions, stored soil moisture from irrigation during the vegetative stage of growth plus occasional rain in July and August permitted irrigation of alfalfa for seed to be stopped at the bud to early bloom stage (June to early July).

LEACHING FRACTIONS AND SALT STATUS OF TWO IRRIGATED GYPSUM-RICH SOILS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CHANG ◽  
S. DUBETZ ◽  
T. G. SOMMERFELDT ◽  
D. C. MacKAY
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Total Soluble Salt ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Leaching Fraction ◽  
Consumptive Water

A method for calculating the fractions of water leached through the profile (leaching factor) in irrigated soils high in gypsum was developed. The method requires data on long-term changes in the salinity status of the soil profile, and is based on the principle that water moving through gypsum-rich soils becomes saturated with gypsum. The average total soluble salt content of two soils to a depth of 180 cm has decreased logarithmically since 1917. The average Ca content has decreased linearly at rates of 0.091 and 0.097 meq∙100 g−1∙yr−1 in a clay and clay loam soil, respectively. A leaching fraction 0.16, as obtained by our method, is similar to that calculated from a water balance procedure. However, the latter method required accurate information on the annual rate of irrigation and precipitation and consumptive water use by the crops grown. The results indicate that irrigation management at the two sites has provided sufficient leaching water to reduce the total soluble salts and to actually improve the suitability of the sites for crop production.

LONG-TERM SOIL MOISTURE STATUS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CHANG ◽  
T. G. SOMMERFELDT ◽  
T. ENTZ ◽  
D. R. STALKER
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Fallow Field ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Soil Water Recharge

Nineteen years of soil moisture content data at Lethbridge and two locations near Turin (Turin 1 and Turin 2) in southern Alberta were examined to evaluate the efficiency of follow for conserving moisture, and to calculate the long-term mean amount of water recharge during growing and nongrowing seasons under a fallow-cereal, 2-yr rotation and a continuous cropping system. Soil samples were taken annually from 1969 to 1987 to a depth of 120 cm in 30-cm intervals in the spring (early May) and fall (late September). A method for testing differences of means between nonstandard data using localized uncertainty associated with sliding polynomial smoothing was used to test for differences in the soil moisture contents due to cultural practices. The available soil moisture content of the soil to 120-cm depth was at least 50% of available water-holding capacity (AWHC) of the profile for the fallow treatment at Lethbridge and Turin 2, and, except in some years, at Turin 1. At seeding time, there was an average of 69 mm more available water (AW) in the fallow field than in the continuous cropping field at Lethbridge and 30, 35 and 27 mm more AW in the fallow field than in the fresh stubble field of a fallow-cereal, 2-yr rotation for Lethbridge, Turin 1 and Turin 2, respectively. The overall mean precipitation conserved as soil moisture for the fallow-cereal rotation practice was 23, 29 and 23% for Lethbridge, Turin 1 and Turin 2, respectively. The significantly higher soil water content at the 90- to 120-cm depth for the fallow field than for other fields during various periods of time indicates that the soil water recharge from precipitation might be deeper in the fallow field than in continuous cropping and fresh stubble of fallow-cereal rotation fields. The deeper soil water recharge could increase the available soil moisture for crop production and it could also contribute to ground water recharge. Key words: Soil water, available water content, continuous cropping, summerfallow

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