SPATIAL VARIATION OF EXTRACTABLE MICRONUTRIENTS IN A CULTIVATED AND A NATIVE PRAIRIE SOIL

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. SINGH ◽  
R. E. KARAMANOS ◽  
R. G. KACHANOSKI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Soil Variability ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Prairie Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Extractable Micronutrients

The variability in DTPA-extractable micronutrients was studied for the A and B horizons of a cultivated site and its native prairie counterpart. The results showed that there was a high degree of variability in samples taken every meter on a 46-m long transect. There were large differences among the cultivated and native prairie soils, the two soil horizons and the four micronutrients studied. In cultivated fields, larger numbers of samples were required for Cu and Mn than for Zn and Fe to obtain a precise estimate of the mean. The number of samples becomes critical as deficiency levels are approached. Key words: Soil sampling, sample size, soil variability

scholarly journals Perception of the Online Learning Environment of Nursing Students in Slovenia: Validation of the DREEM Questionnaire

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Lucija Gosak ◽  
Nino Fijačko ◽  
Carolina Chabrera ◽  
Esther Cabrera ◽  
Gregor Štiglic
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Nursing Student ◽  
Student Perception ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree

At the time of the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, several measures were in place to limit the spread of the virus, such as lockdown and restriction of social contacts. Many colleges thus had to shift their education from personal to online form overnight. The educational environment itself has a significant influence on students’ learning outcomes, knowledge, and satisfaction. This study aims to validate the tool for assessing the educational environment in the Slovenian nursing student population. To assess the educational environment, we used the DREEM tool distributed among nursing students using an online platform. First, we translated the survey questionnaire from English into Slovenian using the reverse translation technique. We also validated the DREEM survey questionnaire. We performed psychometric testing and content validation. I-CVI and S-CVI are at an acceptable level. A high degree of internal consistency was present, as Cronbach’s alpha was 0.951. The questionnaire was completed by 174 participants, of whom 30 were men and 143 were women. One person did not define gender. The mean age of students was 21.1 years (SD = 3.96). The mean DREEM score was 122.2. The mean grade of student perception of learning was 58.54%, student perception of teachers was 65.68%, student academic self-perception was 61.88%, student perception of the atmosphere was 60.63%, and social self-perception of students was 58.93%. Although coronavirus has affected the educational process, students still perceive the educational environment as positive. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement in all assessed areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of costs and insurance policies for referral treatment of equine colic

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (16) ◽  
pp. 508-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel Barker ◽  
Sarah L Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Insurance Cover ◽  
Survey Costs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Mean Cost ◽  
Monthly Premium ◽  
Equine Colic

Colic is the most common emergency problem in horses. The aims of this study were to survey costs of different referral treatments and to review insurance policies relevant to horses with colic. Data were collected retrospectively from nine equine hospitals for case costs, categorised into four different outcomes: admitted and euthanased; euthanased during or immediately after surgery; medical treatment and survived more than 24 hours; and surgical treatment and survived more than 24 hours. Data from five UK equine insurance companies were extracted and analysed using a standardised case example. Costs were obtained for 108 cases. The mean cost for horses admitted and euthanased was £873.89 (range £459.72–£1471.51), and for surgical treatment and survival more than 24 hours was £6437.80 (range £3178.87–£9100.00). Insurance cover for veterinary fees ranged from £5000 to £7500, and monthly premium rates for a standardised case ranged from £27.06 to £47.06. The terms and conditions for the insurance policies ranged in length from 2098 to 17,701 words; Flesch Kincaid Reading Ease scores ranged from 21.6 to 57.7, indicating a high degree of complexity and low readability. This study highlights the complexity and challenges for decision-making in critical cases of colic.

Responses of the bovine teat to machine milking: measurement of changes in thickness of the teat apex

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Hamann ◽  
Graeme A. Mein
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Vacuum Level ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree

SummaryChanges in the teat apex before and after different milking treatments were measured with a spring-loaded caliper device known as a cutimeter which could detect changes in thickness of the tissues of the teat end, presumably due to congestion and/or oedema, with a high degree of accuracy (± 2%) and repeatability (r = 0·99). Teat end thickness increased with increasing vacuum level. The mean increase immediately after milking with a conventional cluster was 2% for 24 teats milked at 30 kPa, 8% at 50 kPa and 21% at 70 kPa. At these vacuum levels, the mean increases for the same teats milked with an unconventional (PKME) teatcup were 10, 18 and 25% respectively. Cyclic application of 35 kPa positive pressure to the pulsation chamber of a conventional teatcup operating at 50 kPa reduced teat end thickness by 8% compared with the mean premilking value. Although most teats returned to within ± 2% of their premilking thickness values by 1 h after milking, differences were apparent between different milking systems for up to 4 h postmilking.

Determination of Sample Size in Service Inspection

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
S. Qin ◽  
G. E. O. Widera
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Service Inspection ◽  
False Rejection

When performing inservice inspection on a large volume of identical components, it becomes an almost impossible task to inspect all those in which defects may exist, even if their failure probabilities are known. As a result, an appropriate sample size needs to be determined when setting up an inspection program. In this paper, a probabilistic analysis method is employed to solve this problem. It is assumed that the characteristic data of components has a certain distribution which can be taken as known when the mean and standard deviations of serviceable and defective sets of components are estimated. The sample size can then be determined within an acceptable assigned error range. In this way, both false rejection and acceptance can be avoided with a high degree of confidence.

scholarly journals Glaucoma characteristics evaluation in myopia – A clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Helen Rosita J ◽  
Gnanaselvan J ◽  
Amudhavadivu S ◽  
Anna Kurian Mullasseril
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Degree

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, one of the risk factor recognised being high myopia. Intra ocular pressure may be normal in myopic patients, with optic nerve head glaucoma characteristics. Eye ball elongation and optic nerve head tilting may be present in patients with high myopia that will represent field defects mimicking glaucoma. Treating patients with myopia having suspected aspects of glaucoma may be a challenge but even more challenging is the diagnosis of glaucoma in myopic patients.: To evaluate the association of glaucoma features with myopia. To create the awareness regarding the long term follow up.: Patients in the age group of 15 to 45 years who had attended our institution over a period of one year who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected for this study. Fifty four patients who were diagnosed to have moderate or high degree myopia were selected for this analytical study. They were subjected to vision, ocular examination, tonometry and results obtained were analysed.: In our study moderate myopes constituted 55.5% and high myopes were 44.5%. The mean Intra ocular pressure and the mean corrected Intra ocular pressure in high myopes were observed to be higher than in moderate myopia. It was observed that higher prevalence of glaucoma was observed in high myopes.: There is a clinically as well as statistically significant difference between mean Intra ocular pressure and mean corrected Intra ocular pressure. So mean corrected Intra ocular pressure should be measured .From our study, there is a clear indication that there is increased prevalence of glaucoma in high myopes.

scholarly journals TOLAK UKUR FUNGSI HATI BERDASARKAN DERAJAT FIBROSIS PENYAKIT HATI KRONIS (Liver Function Parameters based on Degree of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rahmafitria Rahmafitria ◽  
Mutmainnah Mutmainnah ◽  
Ibrahim Abdul Samad
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree

Evaluating the degree of liver fibrosis degree is invasive as well as uncomfortable, therefore, non invasive examinations such as liverfunction tests and elastography (Fibro Scan) as a predictor‘s device of liver fibrosis degree are necessary. The aim of this study was toknow the differences of liver function parameters based on the fibrosis degree in patients with chronic liver disease. This study was a crosssectional design using data from chronic liver disease patients treated at the Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. The elasticity of the liverwas measured using a fibro scan device during June 2010–July 2011. The analysis was carried out by ANOVA test on various parametersof liver function particularly on the fibrosis degree in chronic liver disease. In this study PT, albumin, total bilirubin and platelet countshowed a significant difference of 0.019, 0.009, 0.017 and 0.000 respectively. The mean values of PT and total bilirubin were significantlyhigher in the high degree of fibrosis compared to those with medium and low degree of fibrosis in the chronic liver disease patients. Basedon this study, the mean albumin levels and platelet count were significantly lower in the high degree of fibrosis compared with the mediumand low degree of fibrosis, however, no significant differences in AST, ALT, APTT and GGT were found.

Yemeni EFL Student Teachers’ Moral Intelligence and its Relationship to their Academic Achievement: الذكاء الأخلاقي للطلاب اليمنيين الدارسين للغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية وعلاقته بأدائهم الأكاديمي

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdu Ahmed Al-Mekhlafi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Male Student ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Low Achievers ◽  
Teacher Preparation Program ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moral Intelligence ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

This corelational study aimed at investigating the relationship between the moral intelligence of a group of Yemeni EFL student teachers and their academic achievement. It also aimed at finding out any statistically significant differences between the moral intelligence of the student teachers who are categorized into high and low achievers. One hundred and twelve Yemeni EFL student teachers of a third level in the teacher preparation program at the Department of English in the College of Education at Sana’a University in Yemen participated in this study. Their ages ranged between 21 and 25 years. Data were collected using a literature-based questionnaire. The results of this study show that the mean of the ten categories of the moral intelligence is 4.02 (80.4%) indicating a high degree of moral intelligence. The results show that there is no statistically significant differencesat the 0.05 level between the moral intelligence and academic achievement in the Morphology and Syntax course. The results also indicate that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05 between high and low achievers on nine categories of the moral intelligence. Furthermore, the results indicate that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05 between female and male student teachers on nine categories of the moral intelligence, namely: Faith, Honesty, Integrity, Courage, Discipline, Responsibility, Service, Kindness and Courtesy. The study findings confirm the previous studies and present some suggestions for further research.

scholarly journals Revisiting the functional response in habitat selection for large herbivores: a matter of spatial variation in resource distribution?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1725-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Duparc ◽  
Mathieu Garel ◽  
Pascal Marchand ◽  
Dominique Dubray ◽  
Daniel Maillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Resource Distribution ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Most habitats are distributed heterogeneously in space, forcing animals to move according to both habitat characteristics and their needs for energy and safety. Animal space use should therefore vary according to habitat characteristics, a process known as the “functional response” in habitat selection. This response has often been tested vis-à-vis the proportion of a habitat category within areas available to individuals. Measuring sought-after resources in landscape where they are continuously distributed is a challenge and we posit here that both the mean availability of a resource and its spatial variation should be measured. Accordingly, we tested for a functional response in habitat selection according to these two descriptors of the resource available for a mountain herbivore. We hypothesized that selection should decrease with mean value of resources available and increase with its spatial variation. Based on GPS data from 50 chamois females and data on the actual foodscape (i.e., distribution of edible-only biomass in the landscape), we estimated individual selection ratio (during summer months) for biomass at the home range level, comparing edible biomass in individual home ranges and the mean and standard deviation of edible biomass in their available range. Chamois being a group-living species, available accessible ranges were shared by several individuals that formed socio-spatial groups (clusters) in the population. As expected, selection ratios increased with the standard deviation of edible resources in each cluster, but unlike our prediction, was unrelated to its mean. Selection of areas richer in resources hence did not fade away when more resources were available on average, a result that may be explained by the need for this capital breeder species to accumulate fat-reserve at a high rate during summer months. Low spatial variation could limit the selection of chamois, which highlights the importance of resource distribution in the process of habitat selection.

Measurement of Normal Eyebrow, Eyelid, and Pretarsal Skin Heights

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Mont J. Cartwright ◽  
Usha R. Kurumety ◽  
Christine C. Nelson ◽  
Bartley R. Frueh ◽  
David C. Musch
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
High Degree

The anatomic relationships of the eyebrows and eyelids influence facial appearance. Restoration or preservation of the symmetry of the eyebrows and eyelids through surgical means can restore a normal appearance. To establish the normal relationships of these facial structures in 143 normal Caucasian individuals, measurements were taken of the eyebrow height, the upper eyelid crease height, and the amount of visible pretarsal skin. It was noted that with increasing age the variation of the mean estimates for eyelid and eyebrow measurements was increased. Aging affected the measurements in younger patients, but in the middle age range, 41–60 years, the mean estimates leveled off or decreased. A high degree of intereye correlation was observed. Eyebrow and pretarsal skin heights as well as eyelid crease height were greater in females than in males. Corrective or cosmetic procedures on the eyelid and eyebrow should take into account these normal anatomic relationships.

Spatial variation in soil organic carbon and nitrogen at two field sites under crop and pasture rotations in southern New South Wales, Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Conyers ◽  
Beverley Orchard ◽  
Susan Orgill ◽  
Albert Oates ◽  
Graeme Poile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
The Mean

Estimating the likely variance in soil organic carbon (OC) at the scale of farm fields or smaller monitoring areas is necessary for developing sampling protocols that allow temporal change to be detected. Given the relatively low anticipated soil OC sequestration rates (<0.5 Mg/ha.0.30 m/year) for dryland agriculture it is important that sampling strategies are designed to reduce any cumulative errors associated with measuring soil OC. The first purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial variation in soil OC and nitrogen (N), in soil layers to 1.50 m depth at two monitoring sites (Wagga Wagga and Yerong Creek, 0.5 ha each) in southern New South Wales, Australia, where crop and pasture rotations are practiced. Four variogram models were tested (linear, spherical, Gaussian and exponential); however, no single model dominated across sites or depths for OC or N. At both sites, the range was smallest in surface soil, and on a scale suggesting that sowing rows (stubble) may dominate the pattern of spatial dependence, whereas the longer ranges appeared to be associated with horizon boundaries. The second purpose of the study was to obtain an estimate of the population mean with 1%, 5% and 10% levels of precision using the calculated variance. The number of soil cores required for a 1% precision in estimation of the mean soil OC or N was impractical at most depths (>500 per ha). About 30 soil cores per composite sample to 1.50 m depth, each core being at least 10 m apart, would ensure at least an average of 10% precision in the estimation of the mean soil OC at these two sites, which represent the agriculture of the region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document