A SUB-TILL SAPROLITE AND THE OVERLYING SOIL PROFILE NEAR MOUNT ORFORD, SOUTHERN QUEBEC

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
M. R. LAVERDIÈRE ◽  
P. LASALLE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Magnetic Mineral ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Extractable Al

A saprolite deposit and the overlying soil profile developed in a glacial diamicton were sampled near Mount Orford, Southern Quebec. The two materials differed mainly by the magnetic mineral and extractable Al contents, by the Fedithionite/Feoxalate ratio and by the mineralogical composition. Illite and chlorite were the dominant clay minerals in the till whereas muscovite and kaolinite were the major minerals in the saprolite. A comparison was also made with another previously described saprolite deposit 4 km away from this one, in which chlorite was slightly transformed to smectite. It is suggested, from the mineral assemblages, that the two saprolites have probably formed at different times, the first one during Tertiary and the second one during an interglacial stage. Key words: Saprolite, glacial diamicton, kaolinite, muscovite, Tertiary alteration

Particle Size Effects on Concentration of Metals in Lake Erie Bottom Sediments

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Mudroch
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Sediment Samples

Abstract Surface sediment samples obtained at the offshore and nearshore area of Lake Erie were separated into eight different size fractions ranging from <2 µm to 250 µm. The concentration of major elements (Si, Al, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn and P), metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, V, Co and Pb) and organic matter was determined together with the mineralogical composition and morphology of the particles in each size fraction. The distribution of the metals in the offshore sediment was bimodal with the majority of the metals divided between the 63 to 250 um size fraction which also contained the highest concentration of organic matter (about 20%) and the <4 µm fraction containing up to 60% of clay minerals. However, the metals in the nearshore sediment were associated mainly with the clay minerals.

scholarly journals The Mineralogical Composition of Samos Zeoliitic Rocks and their potential use as Feed Additives and Nutrition Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Anestis Filippidis ◽  
Christina Mytiglaki ◽  
Nikolaos Kantiranis ◽  
Ananias Tsirambides
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Eu Regulation ◽  
Fibrous Minerals ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
The Eu

Fifteen (15) zeolitic rocks from Karlovassi-Marathokampos basin of Samos Island (Greece) were investigated for their mineralogical composition by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method. According to EU Regulation No 651/2013, clinoptilolite of sedimentary origin with ≥80 wt% clinoptilolite, ≤20 wt% clay minerals, free of fibres and quartz, can be used as feed additive for all animal species. Depending on the zeolites, the zeolitic rocks are grouped to those containing: Clinoptilolite (33-86 wt%), clinoptilolite (59 wt%) + mordenite (20-21 wt%), clinoptilolite (22 wt%) + analcime (29 wt%), clinoptilolite (17 wt%) + phillipsite (27 wt%), analcime (29-70 wt%), mordenite (62%) and chabazite (63 wt%). None of the clinoptilolite-containing rocks (10 samples) meet the requirements of the EU Regulation No 651/2013, and thus cannot be used as feed additives for all animal species and consequently as nutrition supplements, since all of them contain 2-5 wt% quartz, two of them 20-21 wt% mordenite (fibrous zeolite), nine of them <80 wt% clinoptilolite (17-73 wt%) and two of them >20 wt% clay minerals (27-42 wt%). Although the EU Regulation No 651/2013 refers to clinoptilolite of sedimentary origin, using the presence or absence of quartz and fibrous minerals, none of the five mordenite, analcime and chabazite containing zeolitic rocks, can be used as feed additives and nutrition supplements, since all of them contain 2-6 wt% quartz and one of them contains 62 wt% mordenite (fibrous zeolite).

scholarly journals Clay Minerals Variations in Quaternary Sediments of Basrah City-Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Mohanad Hamid Al-Jaberi
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
Marine Facies ◽  
Mixed Layers

Mineralogical and chemical analysis of two well cutting in quaternary sediments at Basrah city. This study have been focused on the quaternary clay minerals variations which give a clear indication to marine transgression and or / regression in Hammar formation. Kaolinite, Illite, Palygoreskite, Illite-Palygorestike mixed layer, Chlorite, Montmorillonite, Vermiculte, and mixed layers of Illite- Smectite are the most quantitatively important phyllosilicates in soil studies in both boreholes. The mineralogical composition of cutting sediments shows significant variability in the different size fractions and depth distribution. Chlorite and kaolinite minerals were increase in the fine grain size especially in the clayey silt, whereas montmoriolllinite and vermiculite minerals were increase in coarse grains especially in silty sand texture. Kaolinite decrease in abundance with depth, which give indicative of a transition from non-marine in quaternary recent sediment ( fresh or brackish water silt) to marine facies in quaternary Hammar formation ( marine shelly silt) during last transgression of quaternary. Palygoreskite mineral percentages increasing at depths 27 and 28 meter , after decreased at 30, 32, 35 , and 40 m respectively , which give data indication that early quaternary marine transgression happened in 32m , and center of quaternary marine transgression detected in 27 and 28 meters , while late marine transgression detected in 17 m , and all of these represent by Hammar formation. Soil ageing also caused to downward increase of montmorillonite suggest to climate became more arid during the early quaternary. Variations ratio of montmorillonite versus kaolinite can be indicated to climatic fluctuation. Illite-Semectite featured indicates changes in both sediment source and paleoclimate. Illite transformation for Illite-Palygoreskite mixed layers with ageing. Vermiculite has strong susceptibility to increase with age. SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CaO, MgO, K₂O, and Fe₂O₃ were the major oxides that identified in present study and used as indicated of clay minerals in studied sediments.

scholarly journals Effect of slope aspect on transformation of clay minerals in Alpine soils

Clay Minerals ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Egli ◽  
A. Mirabella ◽  
G. Sartori ◽  
D. Giaccai ◽  
R. Zanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Layer Charge ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The South ◽  
Octahedral Sheet ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Charge

AbstractTwo soil profile sequences on paragneiss debris in the Val di Rabbi (Northern Italy) along an altitude gradient ranging from 1200 to 2400 m a.s.l. were studied to evaluate the effect of aspect on the weathering of clay minerals. All the soils had a coarse structure, a sandy texture and a low pH. Greater weathering intensities of clay-sized phyllosilicates (greater content of smectites) were observed in soils on the north-facing slope. On the south-facing slope, smectite was found only in the surface horizon of the soil profile at the highest altitude. Hot citrate treatment of north-facing soils revealed the presence of low-charged 2:1 clay minerals, the expansion of which was hindered in the untreated state by interlayered polymers. However, the hot citrate treatment encountered some problems with the samples of the south-facing soils: as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the hot citrate treatment was unable to remove all interlayer Al polymers. The 2:1 phyllosilicates were not expanded by ethylene glycol solvation in several samples, although thermogravimetric analyses indicated the presence of clay minerals with interlayer H2O. At the same time, the collapse of clay minerals to 1.0 nm following K-saturation was evident. Theoretically, this should indicate that 2:1 phyllosilicates had no evident substitution of trioctahedral cations (Mg2+, Fe2+) by dioctahedral cations (Al3+ and Fe3+). X-ray diffraction analysis of the d060 region and determination of the layer charge of clay minerals by the long-chain (C18) alkylammonium ion, however, did not confirm this. A transformation from trioctahedral to dioctahedral species was observed and low-charge clay minerals (ξ ~0.30) were identified in the surface horizons of the south-facing sites. In the south-facing soils, the podzolization process was less pronounced because of a lower water flux through the soil and probably less complexing organic molecules that would remove the interlayer polymers. Besides the eluviation process, clay minerals underwent a process of ionic substitutions in the octahedral sheet that led to the reduction of the layer charge. This process was more obvious in the north-facing sites.

scholarly journals Petrology of the metamorphic rocks (gravels) from Bhajanpur area in Panchagarh District, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Md Rahat Hossain ◽  
Ismail Hossain ◽  
ASM Zahid Hossain ◽  
Prodip Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Metamorphic Rock ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Mica Schist ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Garnet Zone ◽  
Opaque Minerals ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions ◽  
Chlorite Schist

The present study deals with petrology of the detrital gravelly rocks from Bhajanpur area, Panchagarh, Bangladesh. The results of detailed petrography of gravelly rocks indicate the presence of quartz (monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz), K-feldspar, plagioclase, chlorite, muscovite and biotite as major mineralogical compositions. Other minor minerals are garnet, kyanite, graphite and opaque minerals. Based on definitive mineral assemblages, blueschist and greenschist facies sequences are recognized. Correspondingly, index minerals provide chlorite zone, biotite zone, garnet zone, kyanite zone, and graphite zone. The P-T conditions of the studied rocks demonstrate the possible temperature ranges 300-550°C and pressure ranges 2-10 kbar. Most common varieties of metamorphic rocks in the study area are garnet mica schist, chlorite schist, gneiss and few quartzites. Characteristics of garnet mica schist and chlorite schist are equivalent with the lesser Himalayan metamorphic rock sequence in Sikkim area, whereas gneiss from Bhajanpur area has similar precursor as Darjeeling gneiss. Therefore, the sources of detrital metamorphic rocks in Bhajanpur area obviously come from the lesser Himalayan sequence in Sikkim and Darjeeling areas, India. Key words: Petrology; metamorphic rocks; gravels; P-T conditions; Panchagarh; lesser Himalayan sequence DOI: 10.3329/jles.v5i0.7357 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 5: 91-96, 2010

Jurassic clay mineral assemblages and their post-depositional alteration: upper Great Estuarine Group, Scotland

1987 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Gradients ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Igneous Intrusions ◽  
Mineral Assemblages

AbstractClay minerals from Middle Jurassic lagoonal mudrocks, siltstones and silty fine-grained sandstones of the upper Great Estuarine Group (Bathonian) are divided into four assemblages. Assemblage 1, the most common assemblage, is rich in mixed-layer illite–smectite with attendant illite and kaolinite. Assemblage 2 is dominated by smectitic clay. These assemblages are indicative of primary Jurassic deposition. Illite and kaolinite were probably derived from the weathering of older rocks and soils in the basin hinterland and were deposited in the lagoons as river-borne detritus. The majority of smectite and mixed-layer illite–smectite is interpreted as the argillization product of Jurassic volcanic dust, also deposited in the lagoons by rivers. Near major Tertiary igneous intrusions these depositional clay mineral assemblages have been altered. Assemblage 3 contains smectite-poor mixed-layer illite–smectite, whilst Assemblage 4 contains no smectitic clay at all. Destruction of smectite interlayers occurred at relatively shallow burial depths (< 2500 m) due to enhanced geothermal gradients and local convective hot-water circulation cells associated with the major Tertiary igneous intrusions.

Influence of parent material on clay minerals formation in Podzols of Trentino, Italy

Clay Minerals ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mirabella ◽  
M. Egli ◽  
S. Carnicelli ◽  
G. Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Subalpine Belt ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Interstratified Mineral

AbstractThe formation of clay minerals was investigated in Spodosols developed in the subalpine belt, with similar exposure, climate and age, but deriving from different parent materials. All the soils were classified as Haplic Podzols and showed the characteristic eluviation and illuviation features of Fe, Al and organic carbon. However, varying parent material lithology led to different clay mineral assemblages in the soil. Smectite could be found in the E horizons of soils developed from granodiorite and tonalite materials. Its formation was strongly dependent on the presence of chlorite in the parent material. If nearly no other 2:1 mineral components, such as chlorite, are present in the lower soil horizons, then a residual micaceous mineral becomes the dominant clay mineral. The latter derives from a mica-vermiculite interstratified mineral.

Smectite, chlorite and a regular interlayered chlorite-vermiculite in soils developed on a small serpentinite body Massif Central, France

Clay Minerals ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ducloux ◽  
A. Meunier ◽  
B. Velde
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Chemical Migration

AbstractThree soil profiles developed on a serpentinite body (La Rochel'Abeille, near Limoges) show three stages of weathering. All soils contain iron-rich smectites and secondary chlorites. The latter are very silica-rich, more so than 14 Å chlorites from crystalline rocks. In the (B)1g horizon of the hydromorphic profile, these minerals seem to give a reaction of the type:This reaction, typical of a closed system, appears to be operative in a soil profile which is certainly, in part, open to chemical migration. The chemistry of the weathered serpentinite and the chemical composition of newly formed minerals as well as those of the serpentinite are used to indicate the chemiographic relations of clay minerals formed in the weathering profiles.

Magnetic susceptibility of a saprolite and a soil profile developed on pyroxenite at Mont-Saint-Bruno, Quebec, Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
C R De Kimpe ◽  
J. Dejou ◽  
Y. Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Ti Oxides ◽  
Opaque Minerals ◽  
High Magnetic Susceptibility

Magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements were performed with a recording magnetic susceptivimeter on a pyroxenite and its alteration products, i.e., a saprolite and the horizons of a soil profile. Pyroxenite contains a relatively high percentage of opaque minerals that, under alteration, transformed partly into Fe oxides with a high magnetic susceptibility. In the saprolite and the soil, χ values varied according to depth in the profile, particle size, mineralogical and chemical composition. Significant correlations between χ values and Fe and Ti oxides indicated the importance of opaque minerals, magnetite, maghemite and ilmenite to the magnetic susceptibility of the alteration products of the pyroxenite. This method provided additional information on the intensity of the alteration of the rock, especially on the formation of secondary Fe oxides at the expense of the ferromagnesian minerals. Key words: Magnetic susceptibility, pyroxenite, saprolite, maghetite, maghemite, opaque minerals

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