EFFECTS OF TOPSOIL LOSS AND INTENSIVE CROPPING ON SOIL PROPERTIES RELATED TO THE CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF A PODZOLIC GREY LUVISOL

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
Mineralizable Nitrogen ◽  
Intact Soil

A 5-yr field study was conducted at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island to determine the effect of losses of topsoil and organic matter likely to accrue from intensive potato production on the crop production potential of a loam to fine sandy loam Podzolic Grey Luvisol representative of major soil types used for potato production on P.E.I. The top 7.5 or 15 cm of the original 20-cm-thick Ap horizon was removed from strips on either side of a control (intact soil) strip. These strips were cropped under a 5-yr potato-barley rotation. Soil-loss treatments reduced the organic carbon content of the new 20-cm-thick Ap horizons formed by tillage by 9.4 and 37%, respectively, from 51.3 tonnes (ha∙20 cm)−1 in the original Ap horizon. Similarly, mineralizable nitrogen levels were reduced initially by 21 and 64%, respectively, compared with the intact soil. During the subsequent 2 yr, mineralizable nitrogen levels in the Ap horizons of the intact and minus 7.5-cm strips fell by 35%. Soil-loss treatments had no effect on Ap horizon texture, porosity, or bulk density. However, losses of topsoil reduced the soil’s capacity to store plant-available water (33 kPa – 1500 kPa) within the rooting zone above a Bt, horizon (bulk density 1.67 tonnes∙m−3) by 1.3 and 3.4 cm of water, respectively, from 9.8 cm for the intact soil. Rainfall patterns on P.E.I. suggest that such reductions in water storage capacity may reduce the soil’s crop production potential in 2 out of 5 yr. Key words: Topsoil loss, intensive cropping, Luvisol, organic carbon, mineralizable nitrogen, water storage capacity

scholarly journals Laboratory model test study of the hydrological effect on granite residual soil slopes considering different vegetation types

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Xue-wen Lei ◽  
Han-lin Zhang ◽  
Zhi Lin ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Granite Residual Soil ◽  
Stem Leaf

AbstractThe problems caused by the interaction between slopes and hydrologic environment in traffic civil engineering are very serious in the granite residual soil area of China, especially in Guangdong Province. Against the background of two heavy rainfall events occurring during a short period due to a typhoon making landfall twice or even two typhoons consecutively making landfall, laboratory model tests were carried out on the hydrological effects of the granite residual soil slope considering three vegetation types under artificial rainfall. The variation in slope surface runoff, soil moisture content and rain seepage over time was recorded during the tests. The results indicate that surface vegetation first effectively reduces the splash erosion impact of rainwater on slopes and then influences the slope hydrological effect through rainwater forms adjustment. (1) The exposed slope has weak resistance to two consecutive heavy rains, the degree of slope scouring and soil erosion damage will increase greatly during the second rainfall. (2) The multiple hindrances of the stem leaf of Zoysia japonica plays a leading role in regulating the hydrological effect of slope, the root system has little effect on the permeability and water storage capacity of slope soil, but improves the erosion resistance of it. (3) Both the stem leaf and root system of Nephrolepis cordifolia have important roles on the hydrological effect. The stem leaf can stabilize the infiltration of rainwater, and successfully inhibit the surface runoff under continuous secondary heavy rainfall. The root system significantly enhances the water storage capacity of the slope, and greatly increases the permeability of the slope soil in the second rainfall, which is totally different from that of the exposed and Zoysia japonica slopes. (4) Zoysia is a suitable vegetation species in terms of slope protection because of its comprehensive slope protection effect. Nephrolepis cordifolia should be cautiously planted as slope protection vegetation. Only on slopes with no stability issues should Nephrolepis cordifolia be considered to preserve soil and water.

scholarly journals Fog interception by Ball moss (<i>Tillandsia recurvata</i>)

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2509-2518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Guevara-Escobar ◽  
M. Cervantes-Jiménez ◽  
H. Suzán-Azpiri ◽  
E. González-Sosa ◽  
L. Hernández-Sandoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Rain Interception

Abstract. Interception losses are a major influence in the water yield of vegetated areas. For most storms, rain interception results in less water reaching the ground. However, fog interception can increase the overall water storage capacity of the vegetation and once the storage is exceeded, fog drip is a common hydrological input. Fog interception is disregarded in water budgets of semiarid regions, but for some plant communities, it could be a mechanism offsetting evaporation losses. Tillandsia recurvata is a cosmopolitan epiphyte adapted to arid habitats where fog may be an important water source. Therefore, the interception storage capacity by T. recurvata was measured in controlled conditions and applying simulated rain or fog. Juvenile, vegetative specimens were used to determine the potential upperbound storage capacities. The storage capacity was proportional to dry weight mass. Interception storage capacity (Cmin) was 0.19 and 0.56 mm for rainfall and fog respectively. The coefficients obtained in the laboratory were used together with biomass measurements for T. recurvata in a xeric scrub to calculate the depth of water intercepted by rain. T. recurvata contributed 20 % to the rain interception capacity of their shrub hosts: Acacia farnesiana and Prosopis laevigata and; also potentially intercepted 4.8 % of the annual rainfall. Nocturnal stomatic opening in T. recurvata is not only relevant for CO2 but for water vapor, as suggested by the higher weight change of specimens wetted with fog for 1 h at dark in comparison to those wetted during daylight (543 ± 77 vs. 325 ± 56 mg, p = 0.048). The storage capacity of T. recurvata leaf surfaces could increase the amount of water available for evaporation, but as this species colonise montane forests, the effect could be negative on water recharge, because potential storage capacity is very high, in the laboratory experiments it took up to 12 h at a rate of 0.26 l h−1 to reach saturation conditions when fog was applied.

scholarly journals Urban water storage capacity inferred from observed evapotranspiration recession

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harro Joseph Jongen ◽  
Gert-Jan Steeneveld ◽  
Jason Beringer ◽  
Andreas Christen ◽  
Krzysztof Fortuniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Storage Capacity

Urban water storage capacity inferred from observed evapotranspiration recession 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harro Jongen ◽  
Gert-Jan Steeneveld ◽  
Jason Beringer ◽  
Krzysztof Fortuniak ◽  
Jinkyu Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Vegetation Fraction ◽  
Local Climate Zones ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Neighborhood Scale

&lt;p&gt;The amount and dynamics of urban water storage play an important role in mitigating urban flooding and heat. Assessment of the capacity of cities to store water remains challenging due to the extreme heterogeneity of the urban surface. Evapotranspiration (ET) recession after rainfall events during the period without precipitation, over which the amount of stored water gradually decreases, can provide insight on the water storage capacity of urban surfaces. Assuming ET is the only outgoing flux, the water storage capacity can be estimated based on the timescale and intercept of its recession. In this paper, we test the proposed approach to estimate the water storage capacity at neighborhood scale with latent heat flux data collected by eddy covariance flux towers in eleven contrasting urban sites with different local climate zones, vegetation cover and characteristics and background climates (Amsterdam, Arnhem, Basel, Berlin, Helsinki, &amp;#321;&amp;#243;d&amp;#378;, Melbourne, Mexico City, Seoul, Singapore, Vancouver). Water storage capacities ranging between 1 and 12 mm were found. These values correspond to e-folding timescales lasting from 2 to 10 days, which translate to half-lives of 1.5 to 7 days. We find ET at the start of a drydown to be positively related to vegetation fraction, and long timescales and large storage capacities to be associated with higher vegetation fractions. According to our results, urban water storage capacity is at least one order of magnitude smaller than the known water storage capacity in natural forests and grassland.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Effect of arsenic on Amaranthus gangeticus

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
MZ Hossain ◽  
Sushmita Dey ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Groundwater Arsenic ◽  
Major Nutrients

Groundwater arsenic contamination has become a threat to the crop production potential in the soils of vast areas of Bangladesh. Situation is grave in some districts of the country, particularly the southern part. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arsenic treated irrigation water (0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mgL-1), where a total of ten (10) irrigations were provided thus the treatments received 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg arsenic (As) pot-1. Effects of applied levels of arsenic on Amaranthus gangeticus (Lal shak) were evaluated in terms of the growth, yield, major nutrients’ content, and their translocation in the plant. As treatments significantly reduced (p≤0.05) the dry weight of shoot and root by 19.31% and 44.03% respectively. Both total and available concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) were significantly (p≤ 0.05) suppressed by the As treatments, while only higher three doses significantly (p≤ 0.05) affected both levels of concentrations of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Translocation coefficients for soil to root for P, K, S, and Mg were significantly reduced (p≤ 0.05), while translocation coefficients for root to shoot were significantly increased (p≤ 0.05) for K and S by 5 and 10 mgL-1 of arsenic treatments.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 259-264, 2018

Biochar for crop production: potential benefits and risks

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubshar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Abdullah M. Al-Sadi ◽  
Zakaria M. Solaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Potential Benefits

scholarly journals Investigation of distributed-porosity fields for urban flood modelling using single-porosity models

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 06040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Soares-Frazão ◽  
Fabian Franzini ◽  
Jérémy Linkens ◽  
Jean-Charles Snaps
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Source Term ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Head Losses ◽  
Porosity Parameter ◽  
Reduced Space ◽  
Urban Flood Modelling ◽  
Reduced Water

Porosity-based model rely on the assumption that an urban area can be compared to a porous medium, where the porosity is defined as the ratio between the actual area available to the flow, i.e. not occupied by buildings, and the total area of the considered urban environment. In classical single-porosity models, the resulting value of the porosity parameter is considered as constant and accounts essentially for the reduced water storage capacity and reduced space available for the flow. As a consequence, the source term involving the porosity parameter only accounts for a local head loss at the entrance and at the exit of the urban area. Therefore, the head losses occurring inside the urban area are accounted for using drag-type source terms. In the present work, we tested different definitions of the porosity parameter, showing the benefits of accounting for areas with distributed porosity based on the actual layout of buildings and streets. This formulation is still compatible with the basic idea of porosity-based model, i.e allowing for the use of coarse computational meshes instead of refined meshing of the urban area.

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