EFFECT OF FOLIAR-APPLIED SELENIUM ON YIELDS AND SELENIUM CONCENTRATION OF ALFALFA, TIMOTHY AND BARLEY

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cropping Seasons

In a field study, the residual effects of 1, 2, and 4 kg Se/ha applied as a foliar spray and of 1 kg Se/ha applied to the soil were measured for up to five cropping seasons on yields and Se concentration of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L. and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Selenium applied as foliar spray reduced yields by 16–37% for the three species in the first year but had no effect in the second and subsequent years. Foliar applications of Se at 1–4 kg/ha in the first year produced alfalfa and timothy containing 27–142 ppm Se, which, when fed to livestock, would cause Se toxicity. Barley grain at these rates contained 4.3–8.4 ppm Se. The tissue Se concentrations of the three species did not exceed 0.6 ppm in the second and subsequent years. The residual effect of 1 kg Se/ha applied to the soil lasted longer on the three species than 1 kg Se/ha applied as foliar spray. Selenium applied to soil or as a foliar spray at 1 kg/ha resulted in tissue concentrations greater than 0.1 ppm Se in forages for two to four cropping seasons, and in barley grain for one to two cropping seasons. At 2 and 4 kg Se/ha, applied as a foliar spray, the tissue Se levels greater than 0.1 ppm were maintained for two to four cropping seasons in barley, alfalfa, and timothy. Tissue Se concentrations were generally higher in timothy than in alfalfa and barley grain. Key words: Forages, barley, selenium, yields, foliar application, podzol soil

EFFECT OF METHODS OF APPLICATION AND RESIDUAL EFFECT OF MOLYBDENUM ON THE MOLYBDENUM CONCENTRATION AND YIELD OF FORAGES ON PODZOL SOILS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Saranac’), red clover (Trifolium pratense L. ’Lakeland’), and timothy (Phleum pratense L. ’Climax’) were grown at two locations on Charlottetown fine sandy loam soils in Prince Edward Island. The pH values of the soils were 5.6 and 5.7, respectively. The three levels of lime were 0, 2.24 and 4.48 metric tonnes/ha and the Mo treatments included no Mo, Mo added as foliar spray and Mo added to the soils. In the first sampling, applications of 0.44 kg Mo/ha as foliar spray to soil limed to pH 5.9 and 6.3 in the three crops resulted in tissue Mo concentrations of greater than 10 ppm which when fed to livestock could produce Mo toxicity. With soil applications of 0.88 kg Mo/ha, tissue Mo concentrations of greater than 10 ppm occurred only in alfalfa and red clover limed to soil pH 5.6, 5.9 and 6.3. The tissue Mo levels in the second sampling decreased sharply when compared to those in the first sampling. The differences in Mo concentrations in second, third and fourth samplings were very small. There was a significant interaction (Mo × lime) because the increases of Mo concentration in red clover due to liming were much greater at higher rates of Mo than at lower rates of Mo. In the case of a suspected Mo deficiency, addition of about 0.2 kg Mo/ha as foliar spray or of 0.4 kg Mo/ha applied to the soil should alleviate a Mo deficiency problem. Residual effects at these levels of Mo should last for 2–3 yr from the crop sufficiency point of view. Molybdenum applied as foliar spray increased timothy yields by 15–17% at one location.

SELENIUM ENRICHMENT OF CROPS THROUGH FOLIAR APPLICATIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Podzol Soils

A field study was conducted, at two locations on Prince Edward Island, over a 5-yr period to determine the effects of foliar applications of sodium selenite on the Se concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain and in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) foliage. Applications of 10–20 g Se ha−1 resulted in barley kernels and forage plant Se levels that would be adequate to prevent Se deficiency in most livestock. The highest rate of Se, at 80 g ha−1, resulted in plant Se concentrations of 706 μg kg−1 in timothy. The measured plant Se concentrations, to the same applications, varied from year to year but the responses to applied Se levels were generally in the same proportions. For similar application rates Se concentrations were lower in barley grain than in the forages. Tissue Se levels in the second cuts of alfalfa and timothy were lower than in the first cut. High levels of foliar-applied Se did not result in a carryover effect the following crop year. Annual foliar applications of Se would be required to raise the Se levels in crops into the sufficiency range for livestock feeds. Key words: Selenium content, foliar spray, cereals, forages, Podzol soils

NITROGEN FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS FOR BARLEY WHEN APPLIED WITH CATTLE MANURE CONTAINING WOOD SHAVINGS AS A SOIL AMENDMENT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MACKAY ◽  
J. M. CAREFOOT ◽  
T. G. SOMMERFELDT
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chernozemic Soil ◽  
Mineralizable N

In an 8-yr experiment on an irrigated Dark Brown Chernozemic soil, four rates of N (0, 34, 67 and 101 kg ha−1), applied annually with 45 t ha−1 of manure containing softwood shavings (avg. of 46% dry wt) produced a linear yield response (from 3.5 with the check to 4.3 t ha−1 at the highest rate) of barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Galt'). There were large differences in yields among years, which could be attributed to weather factors, but there was no significant N × year response. Protein content increased linearly (from 11.2 to 13.5%), and both kernel weights and "test weights" (kg hL−1) decreased slightly but significantly with N applications. There was a pronounced "residual" effect of N rates on both grain yield (from 3.8 to 6.3 t ha−1) and protein content (from 10 to 13%) in the first year after applications of manure and N fertilizer ceased. These effects decreased rapidly and had practically disappeared by the end of the 3rd yr, although yields of all treatments remained high (about 5 t ha−1). Organic matter and N contents of the soil were increased by 70 and 41%, respectively, from the cumulative applications of shavings manure. It is concluded that application of manure containing large quantities of softwood shavings has a negligible effect on the N fertilizer requirements of the crop being grown. Beneficial residual effects of N fertilizer applied with the manure may result because of buildup of NO3-N throughout the soil profile, and likely also because of N release from readily mineralized organic compounds or microbial biomass. However, this effect was not reflected in soil tests for readily mineralizable N by NO3 incubation or KCl digestion methods and the effects were practically dissipated after 3 yr. The recovery of applied N fertilizer by the crops was high at all rates (61–79%), and essentially all of the N applied (fertilizer + manure) was accounted for by crop removal + increased soil N. Key words: Mineralizable-N soil tests, Chernozemic soil, repeated fertilizer applications, residual effects

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Grain Quality, Zinc and Iron Concentration Affected by a Combined Foliar Spray of Zinc and Iron Fertilizers

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Niyigaba ◽  
Angelique Twizerimana ◽  
Innocent Mugenzi ◽  
Wansim Aboubakar Ngnadong ◽  
Yu Ping Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Second Year

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main foods globally. Nutrition problems associated with Zinc and Iron deficiency affect more than two billion individuals. Biofortification is a strategy believed to be sustainable, economical and easily implemented. This study evaluated the effect of combined Zn and Fe applied as foliar fertilizer to winter wheat on grain yield, quality, Zn and Fe concentration in the grains. Results showed that treatments containing high Fe increased the yield. Grain crude fat content remained unaffected. Crude fiber was enhanced up to three-fold by 60% Zn + 40% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 60% Zn + 40% Fe). Moreover, 80% Zn + 20% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 80% Zn + 20% Fe) was the best combination for increasing crude protein. Zinc applied alone enhanced Zn concentration in grain. In addition, Fe was slightly improved by an application of Zn and Fe in the first year, but a greater increase was observed in the second year, where 100% Fe13 (13 kg ha−1 of 100% Fe) was the best in improving Fe in grain. Foliar application of Zn and Fe is a practical approach to increase Zn and Fe concentration, and to improve the quality of wheat grains.

Persistence of herbage treatment effects in barley and consequences for subsequent crop experimentation

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Subsequent Crop

SUMMARYA study, conducted in the Peace region of Canada, determined the effects of the stand and management treatments of four herbage experiments (1986–88) on the yield and quality of subsequent crops of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) harvested in 1989 and 1990. Quantitative relationships indicated that the crop management treatments most conducive to good yield and quality of herbage were also the most beneficial for subsequent high yield and quality of the barley grain. Unless designs orthogonal to those previously used can be found, covariance adjustment procedures are recommended to minimize the residual effects of previous experiments.

Effect of various sources of selenium fertilization on the selenium concentration of feed crops

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh C. Gupta ◽  
J. A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Se Deficiency ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Feed Crop

This study was conducted in Prince Edward Island (PEI) Canada to determine the effect of various sources of selenium (Se) (i) sodium selenate (ii) selcote (iii) selcote 2 year and (iv) lime coated Se-granules on the Se concentration in cereals, forages and soybeans. All sources were applied to the soil at 10 g Se ha−1. For soybeans, sodium selenate was also applied as a foliar spray. All sources, in the year of application, proved effective in raising the feed crop Se to more than 100 μg Se kg−1, the minimum level required to prevent Se deficiency diseases in livestock. Lime coated Se granules resulted in much lower Se in all crops than other Se sources. Selenium concentration in soybean grain was higher than in cereals and forages treated with Se. Selenium concentration in soybean grain was higher following foliar applications of sodium selenate (3005 μg kg−1) than following soil application (1930 μg kg−1). Experiments conducted at a second location produced similar results. In most cases, soybean grain contained higher Se than either the whole plant or leaves. Selcote resulted in significantly higher Se, during the first year in soybean and forages, than selcote 2 year. This relationship was not consistent on cereals. Selenium concentrations in the second year crop of soybeans were below the minimum required level of 100 μg kg−1 needed to prevent Se deficiency in livestock for all Se sources except for the selcote 2 year source. Only the latter Se source resulted in a Se concentration of > 100 μg kg−1 for 2 yr. Soybeans fertilized with Se should prove to be an excellent feed crop for enriching grain with Se. Key words: Podzol soils, selcote, sodium selenate, barley, oat, forages, soybeans, crop Se

scholarly journals Growth and Biomass Yield of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Poaceae) under the Direct and Residual Effects of Fertilization with Hen Droppings at Flowering in West Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Gilles Jiope Azangue ◽  
Fernand Tendonkeng ◽  
David Fokom Wauffo ◽  
Etienne Tedonkeng Pamo
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
The University

Aim: A study was conducted at the Research and Experimental Farm (REF) of the University of Dschang with the aim of evaluating the direct and residual effects of fertilization with hen droppings on the growth and biomass yield of Brachiaria ruziziensis at flowering. Methodology: A factorial design with five levels of fertilization in terms of nitrogen in hen droppings (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha) on 6 m2 (3 m x 2 m) plots in four replicates, i.e. a total of 20 experimental plots was used. Fertilization with hen droppings was done one month after the placement of the stump chips, during the first year of cultivation (direct effects). In the second year of cultivation (residual effects), no fertilization was done. Measurements of plant heights and diameters were made on 40 plants per level of fertilization. Leaf, stem and whole-plant biomass assessments were made on all plots in relation to their fertilization levels. Results: This study shows that the direct effect of fertilization in the form of hen droppings resulted in heights and diameters significantly greater than those obtained under the residual effect of fertilization. Biomasses of whole plants and their different compartments obtained under the residual effect of fertilization were significantly higher than those obtained under the direct effect of fertilization. Under the direct and residual effect of fertilization, the heights, diameters and biomasses of the fertilized plots were greater than those of the control plots. The level of fertilization corresponding to the dose of 100 kg N/ha gave the best results. Conclusion: Fertilization with hen droppings at a dose of 100 kg N/ha would be recommended for the cultivation of B. ruziziensis over a two-year period, in order to limit the use of mineral fertilizers.

Residual Effect of 2,4-D on Whole-Stalk– and Billet-Planted Sugarcane

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Siebert ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Curtis A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Shoot Emergence ◽  
Planting System

Field studies conducted for two growing seasons evaluated the effect of 2,4-D applied at 1.6 kg ai/ha to ‘LCP 85-384’ sugarcane 7, 5, 3, and 1 wk before planting (WBP). Sugarcane was planted in mid September using both whole stalks and billet (45 cm) stem sections. When 2,4-D was applied 5 wk or closer to planting, sugarcane shoot emergence and population averaged across planting methods and years were reduced up to 28 wk after planting (WAP) relative to the nontreated control. By 52 WAP, sugarcane had compensated and stalk population was equivalent among treatments. Sugarcane height in response to 2,4-D varied between years, and only in 2001 at 52 WAP was a height reduction observed when 2,4-D was applied 1, 3, or 5 WBP. Crop injury in 2001 was further reflected in reduced sugarcane yield (at least 11%) and sugar yield (at least 12%) more than 1 yr after 2,4-D had been applied 5 wk or closer to harvest of sugarcane for seed. Sugarcane and sugar yields were equivalent for the nontreated control and the 7 WBP 2,4-D treatment in 2001, but 2,4-D application in 2002 did not negatively affect yield. Even though sugarcane shoot populations across the growing seasons were consistently higher for the billet planting system, yields averaged across 2,4-D application timings were greater for billets (18%) compared with whole stalks only for the first year. Because 2,4-D can have a residual effect on sugarcane yield more than 1 yr after the initial foliar application, a 7-wk period should be allowed between herbicide application and harvest of LCP 85-384 for billet or whole-stalk planting.

scholarly journals Effect of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as growth regulator along with chelated zinc and iron on the availability of manganese, zinc, copper and iron in Mentha piperita Linn cultivar Kukrail

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
FM Prasad ◽  
Veeru Prakash ◽  
AA Jilani ◽  
S Prasad ◽  
MR Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
First Year ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Fe Uptake ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Different Doses

A field experiment was displayed at the research plot of chemistry Department of Allahabad Agricultural Institute Deemed University, Allahabad to study the effect of NAA along with chelated Zinc and Iron on the availability of micronutrients of Mentha piperrita cultivar Kukrail during winter season. It is quite obvious that Mn was influenced significantly by application of NAA and Zn/Fe EDTA through foliar spray. The concentration of Mn increased with increasing levels of NAA with or without application of Zn/Fe EDTA and markedly higher in Mentha plants at 60 ppm NAA with 10ppm Zn/Fe EDTA. The higher concentration of NAA suppressed the uptake of nutrients above 60 ppm. However, the intake of Mn, Zn and Cu was much higher in second year trial with NAA and Zn while Fe obtained higher uptake in first year than that of second year experiment. The application of NAA was found to increase the Cu uptake with increasing doses till 60ppm with or without the incorporation of Zn/Fe and then gradually a fall at higher concentrations. The second cutting value in second year trial was higher than the corresponding year cutting affected by NAA with Zn. The result was found significant over control due to foliar application of NAA and Fe separately in second year experiment. Fe uptake in mint plants grown with different doses of NAA and Fe in second year trial was greater than first year trial. The Fe uptake in menta piperita plants in both trials were found higher over control. But the Fe uptake in mint plants narrowed down above 60ppm of NAA application with or without Zn/Fe EDTA spray.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10636 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 238-245

Correction - Initial and medium-term responses of white clover to three sulfur fertilizers on a basaltic soil

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
BD McLaughlin ◽  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sulfur Fertilizers

The short and medium-term effects of three sulfur fertilizers on white clover pasture were measured on a sulfur-deficient basaltic soil in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales between 1976 and 1979. The treatments were a single application of elemental sulfur, gypsum, and sulfur-fortified superphosphate (SF45) at 0, 20, 40, and 80 kg S/ha and three annual applications of elemental sulfur and gypsum at 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg S/ha. Gypsum and SF45 gave the largest effects in the first year, and elemental sulfur and SF45 caused the largest residual effects in the third year. A single application of 20 kg S/ha gave near maximum yields over the three year period provided that most of the sulfur was supplied in the elemental form. However, to achieve maximum yields in the first year about 20% of the sulfur was required as sulfate. Likewise maximum yields in the third year required a fresh application of 10 sulfate S/ha. The relatively large residual effect of gypsum was attributed to the slow-leaching soil, and the resistance of the coarse textured elemental sulfur (65% >0.5mm) to leaching by the high summer rainfall.

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