SOIL MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE RESPONSE TO SHALLOW TILLAGE IN THE EARLY SPRING

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
A. L. DARWENT ◽  
W. G. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Loam Soil

Surface soil moisture was conserved in a loam to clay loam soil receiving a single shallow cultivation in the early spring, while in an unfilled soil it declined markedly. Tillage effects were less marked at deeper depths. Soil temperatures were found to differ only slightly between tilled and untilled soils.

scholarly journals Modeling phosphorus distribution under different fertigation strategies in onion (Allium cepa L.) crop

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 720-729
Author(s):  
Sanjay T. Satpute ◽  
Man Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Phosphorus Distribution ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil

The understanding of soil and nutrient dynamics under drip fertigation is relevant for crop production as well as water and nutrient management. The aim of this study was to generate information about the distribution of phosphorus (P) under different fertigation strategies for onion production on sandy clay loam soil during 2007-2008 to 2008-2009. The study involved field experiment, laboratory analysis and modeling of P distribution. The phosphorus distribution data in the field were collected, analyzed and used to calibrate and validate the solute transport model HYDRUS-2D for sandy clay loam soil. The performance of HYDRUS-2D was evaluated by comparing its simulated values with the observed values of soil moisture and nutrient concentration. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used as model performance indicators. The range of R2 between 0.72-0.99 for water as well as nutrient distribution indicates good correlation between the observed and simulated values. The MAE and RMSE values for water and nutrient distribution were in between 0.0009 to 0.0039 which indicated the accuracy of the model. From these results, it can be concluded that the model is performing well for predicting the P concentration in the soil as well as the soil moisture distribution for onion crop grown under sandy clay loam. The model was also validated for water and phosphorus distribution with the observed values at the end of the crop season and found to be performing well. The HYDRUS-2D model may be used to carry out simulations for different soil types and with different fertigation and irrigation strategies for developing guidelines.

Studies on Oviposition and Fecundity of Ctenicera destructor (Brown) (Coleoptera: Elateridae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Doane
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Particle ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Ctenicera Destructor

AbstractOviposition and fecundity of Cteniecra destructor (Brown) were studied in the laboratory and field. In a series of tests, total oviposition by individual field-collected females ranged from 495 to 1464 and averaged from 264.0 to 940.0 eggs per female. Temperatures from 50 to 86° F. had no effect on total fecundity but lower temperatures extended the oviposition period. Soil moisture from 8 to 20% in sifted clay loam soil (particle sine less than 0.177 mm.) had no effect on total oviposition. At 4% soil moisture females died rapidly and laid very few eggs. Food increased the total oviposition, the length of the oviposition period, and the longevity of females. Most eggs were laid during the first month after the onset of oviposition.Oviposition was shown to be cyclic in nature. Females usually laid eggs in large batches, followed by periods when practically no eggs were laid. This resulted in a series of irregular oviposition peaks which gradually declined in magnitude as the oviposition period progressed.

NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS AND TRANSPORT OVER 17 MONTHS IN FIELD FALLOW MICROPLOTS USING 15N

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. KOWALENKO
Keyword(s):  
Background Level ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
High Precipitation

A field experiment with an Ottawa area clay loam soil utilizing open-ended microplots and 15N-labelled fertilizer showed the relative importance of seasons on transformation and transport of nitrogen. Denitrification appeared to be appreciable during the growing season; about 39% of the fertilizer N was denitrified in 86 days (May–Sept.) and 65% was lost after 511 days but leaching losses were included in the latter period. Nitrification of fertilizer N was very rapid with extractable NH4+-N approximating background level within the first 43 days. Immobilization of fertilizer N was negligible in the first 159 days and only a small amount was immobilized during the remainder of the experiment. Mineralization of soil N averaged 0.77 and 1.10 kg N/ha/day in the first two sampling periods. Clay fixation of NH4+-N was significant in this soil with 59% of the 152 kg N/ha applied being immediately fixed. Over one-half (66%) of this recently fixed NH4+-N was released in the first 86 days of the experiment with the remainder held tightly through the sampling period. Movement of fertilizer N was greatest in the late fall and early spring, i.e. periods of high precipitation and low evaporation.

Comparison of porosity in a Chernozemic clay loam soil under long-term conventional tillage and no-till

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
E. G. Kokko ◽  
G. C. Kozub
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
No Till ◽  
Loam Soil

Tillage practice can alter soil structure, porosity and the size distribution of pores. Consequently, this study was conducted to compare the long-term (since 1968) effects of conventional tillage (CT) using a heavy-duty cultivator and no-till (NT) on structure and porosity of a Dark Brown Chernozem (clay loam) soil in southern Alberta. Number and porosity of total, round, intermediate and elongated pores, maximum equivalent circular diameter (MECD), and mean circularity of pore sizes 50–500 µm (P-150), 500–1000 µm (P-500) and >1000 µm (P-1000) diameter were quantified. These parameters were determined for three depths (0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm) and two orientations (vertical, horizontal) using UV-dye impregnated soil sections and image analysis. The surface soil (0–10 cm) of CT was dominantly granular-spongy, but for NT it was dominantly crack to massive. Since tillage treatments were not replicated, only general trends on the effect of tillage and its interaction with depth and orientation are given and probability levels are not reported. Tillage treatment had an influence on P-150 and P-500 pores but little or no influence on P-1000 pores. Mean number and porosity of total and intermediate P-500 pores, which are the most important pore size class for seedling root growth in these soils, were higher for CT than NT for the surface soil, but were higher for NT than CT for the subsoil. For example, the total porosity of P-500 pores was 2.21% for CT and 1.95% for NT at the 0- to10-cm depth, 3.80% for NT and 2.27% for CT at the 10- to 20-cm depth, and 3.18% for NT and 2.80% for CT at the 20- to 30-cm depth. These results suggested a higher potential for seedling root growth in the surface soil of CT, but a greater potential for root growth in the subsoil of NT. Key words: structure, porosity, image analysis, tillage

COMPARISON OF TILLAGE AND CHEMICAL SUMMERFALLOW IN A SEMIARID REGION

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Soil Moisture Conservation ◽  
Loam Soil

Chemical treatments using contact and systemic herbicides were compared with cultivation for summerfallow preparation on a Wood Mountain clay loam soil from 1964 to 1969, inclusive. Use of chemical alone was equal to cultivation in its effect on soil moisture conservation, soil temperature and yield of wheat. Summerfallow prepared by chemical only conserved 62% of the original crop residue, compared with 35% for normal cultivated fallows. Chemically prepared fallows were less erodible (fewer soil particles < 1 mm in diameter) at die completion of tillage in the autumn than cultivated fallows. However, the chemically fallowed soils exhibited the least aggregation over winter and were slightly more erodible by spring than the cultivated soils. The general trend was for lower NO3-N values in the fall and prior to seeding in the spring for wholly chemical than for wholly cultivated summerfallow, but the differences were not usually significant.

NITROGEN AND CHLORIDE DISTRIBUTION AND BALANCE IN A CLAY LOAM SOIL

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. CAMERON ◽  
C. G. KOWALENKO ◽  
K. C. IVARSON
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Transport Theory ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Loam Soil

In field experiments conducted on a poorly drained clay loam soil from 1974 to 1976, inclusive, 21–44% of added chloride was lost from the 0- to 75-cm layer by the end of September, whereas NO3−-N increased in this layer in both the control and fertilized plots. Mineralization during the summer masked any N losses by leaching or denitrification. N losses were highest between late fall and early spring. NO3−-N and chloride tended to show similar distribution patterns in the profile but not necessarily similar leaching losses, since simultaneous denitrification occurred in an adjacent experimental site. Chloride distribution in the profile and leaching losses did not appear to coincide with expectations of typical transport theory, since losses were associated with diffuse bulges near the surface instead of distinct peaks or slugs of chloride moving steadily downward.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of Soil Moisture Meter under Sandy Clay Loam Soil

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Balaji ◽  
T. Pandiarajan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water System ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Moisture Meter ◽  
Moisture Percentage ◽  
Loam Soil

Background: Irrigation performs a substantial function for the growth of Agricultural vegetation. Soil supplies essential nutrients for the growth of plant and provides anchor support to the roots of the crops. Soil Moisture permits the requirement for water system to be measured ahead of a yield giving indications of misery. Knowing the soil moisture status empowers exceptionally productive water system, giving the water as and when required and wiping out the inefficient utilization of water when water system isn’t required. Methods: Sandy clay loam soil contains a decent arrangement of plant supplements and supports most sorts of plants and yields. So in the field plentiful accessibility of this soil its texture is discovered by estimating soil moisture. Result: Within the research we developed a soil moisture meter based on capacitive type sensor the output is analog voltage which is calibrated to soil moisture percentage and its performance is comparatively investigated with different moisture sensor under sandy clay loam soil. The proposed model is highly emphasized on the soil moisture percentage that is the level of water content in the soil. The percentage value is displayed in the LCD. The deployment cost is highly reduced in the proposed model.

Simulation of snow and soil water content as a basis for satellite retrievals

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Sandells ◽  
G. N. Flerchinger ◽  
R. J. Gurney ◽  
D. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Soil Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Snow Mass

It is not yet possible to determine whether global snow mass has changed over time despite collection of passive microwave data for more than thirty years. Physically-based, but computationally fast snow and soil models have been coupled to form the basis of a data assimilation system for retrievals of snow mass and soil moisture from existing and future satellite observations. The model has been evaluated against observations of snow mass and soil temperature and moisture profiles from Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho. Simulation of snow mass was improved early in the season due to more realistic representation of soil heat flux, but led to an overestimation of snow mass later in the season. Soil temperatures were generally simulated well; freezing of the surface layers was not observed but was simulated, which affected soil water transport. Limited knowledge of the soil lower boundary conditions is acceptable for snow mass and surface soil moisture retrievals, although improvements are required for more accurate simulations of deeper soil moisture at this site. Development of a data assimilation framework to retrieve snow mass and near-surface soil moisture is discussed.

Effect The Treatments of Biofertilizer and Mineral Fertilizer on Content of N P K of Soil Cultivated With Crop Corn (Zea Mays L).

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aajmi Salman ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Loam Soil

Beneficial microorganisms play a key role in the availability of ions minerals in the soil and use Randomized Complete Block Desing ( R.C.B.D ). The objective of this paper to the study effect of the of biofertilizer and miniral treatments on availability of NPK for crop corn zea mays L.Two types of biofertilizer are Bacterial Bacillus subtilis and Fungal Trichoderma harianum. Three levels of potassium fertilizer are (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533). A field experiment in fall season of 2018 Has been conducted in silty clay loam soil. The experimental Results indicated that Bacillus and Trichoderma inoculation separately or together Have made a significant effect to increase in the availability of N P K in the soil compare to other treatments. The grain yield is where (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533) of bacterial and fungal bio-fertilizer and potassium fertilizers respectively as compared to the control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document