RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF HIGH RATES OF LIMESTONE, P, K AND Mg APPLICATIONS: EVIDENCE OF INDUCED Mn AND Zn DEFICIENCY IN OATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. KOWALENKO ◽  
E. F. MAAS ◽  
C. I. VANLAERHOVEN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
And Zn Deficiency ◽  
Yield Of Oats

In a field plot study to examine the residual effects of heavy rates of coarse limestone (0, 11, 22 and 44 t/ha) in combination with P (560 kg/ha), K (1120 kg/ha), Mg (560 kg/ha) and PKMg (560 + 1120 + 560 kg/ha) applied five growing seasons previously, dry matter production of oats (grain and straw) decreased with increasing rate of limestone application. The decrease was attributed to lime-induced Mn and Zn deficiency. Both Mn and Zn uptake decreased significantly with increased limestone applications. Plant Mn and Zn concentrations were below critical levels in the heavily limed treatments. Neutral normal ammonium acetate soil extractable Mn was significantly related to oats Mn uptake and yield. This same extractant for Zn was not related to uptake of Zn or yield of oats. After the fifth season of cropping, residual limestone (Ca), P and K effects were evident as increased plant uptake and soil extractable Ca, P and K. Residual Mg was shown only by soil extractable Mg.

scholarly journals Effect of Seedling Size and Transplant Bed Density on Performance of Eastern Hemlock Planting Stock

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
One Year ◽  
Marketable Size

After grading two-year-old Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) seedlings by height, performance was examined for one year under various transplant bed densities, and for 2 years in the field. In the nursery, average diameter growth and dry matter production were influenced by bed density; height growth was not. A transplant bed density of 65 plants/m2 (6/ft2) resulted in the greatest average diameter and dry weight, but densities up to 151 plants/m2 (14/ft2) yielded more usable transplants per unit of nursery bed. Although there were residual effects of transplant bed density, the major differences in growth after 2 growing seasons in the field were due to initial seedling size. Transplants originating from large seedlings outperformed those from small seedlings. Compared to small seedlings, larger plants require less time in transplant beds, are less troublesome to maintain in the field, and reach marketable size in fewer years, all of which increase their value relative to small seedlings.

scholarly journals Residual effects of superficial liming on tropical soil under no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽  
Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the long-term effects of the surface application of lime on soil fertility and on the mineral nutrition and grain yield of soybean, and of black oat and sorghum in crop succession. The experiment was carried out on a clayey Oxisol, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of lime the rates of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 kg ha-1, applied in October 2002 and November 2004. Soil samples were collected at five soil layers, down to 0.60-m depth. Surface liming was effective in reducing soil acidity and increasing Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in the subsurface. Moreover, it increased available phosphorus contents and soil organic matter in the long term (48 to 60 months after the last lime application). Surface liming improved plant nutrition, mainly for N, Ca, and Mg, and increased dry matter production and grain yield of the crops, even in years with regular distribution of rainfall. The greatest productivities of soybean, black oat, and sorghum were obtained with the respective estimated lime doses of 4,000, 2,333, and 3,281 kg ha-1, for shoot dry matter, and of 2,550, 3,555, and over 4,000 kg ha-1, for grain yield.

scholarly journals Productivity and seedling recruitment of naturalised annual clovers versus sown clovers Trifolium repens and Trifolium subterraneum

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
T.M.R. Maxwell ◽  
J.L. Moir ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Seedling Regeneration ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Legume

Abstract Naturalised annual clover (NAC) species (suckling clover, cluster clover, striated clover, and haresfoot clover) are commonly present to locally abundant in summer dry hill and high country areas where white and subterranean (sub) clover abundance is limited. This field trial investigated NAC species dry matter production and seedling regeneration compared to white and sub clover. Autumn seedling recruitment was measured in response to low (75 kg/ha) or high (200 kg/ ha) superphosphate (SP) application. Over two growing seasons, NAC species contributed >90% to pasture legume content while white and sub clover contributed

Direct seeding of alfalfa into established Russian wildrye pasture in southwest Saskatchewan

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Schellenberg ◽  
J. Waddington ◽  
J. R. King
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Permanent Wilting Point ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Wilting Point

Experiments were started in each of the three years 1989–1991 to examine the effect of severing near-surface roots of established Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevskii) on the establishment of two alfalfa cultivars (Medicago sativa L.) in semiarid Saskatchewan. In 2 of 3 yr, up to 75% more seedlings were established of the cultivar Rangelander, a creeping-rooted alfalfa of mixed ssp. sativa (L.) Lesins & Lesins and ssp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli parentage, than of SCMf3713, a tap-rooted ssp. falcata. Severing Russian wildrye roots significantly improved alfalfa establishment and dry matter production in 1990, only 1 of 3 yr. There were no benefits from severing Russian wildrye roots on more than the side adjacent to the alfalfa seedlings. Soil moisture levels in the top 15 cm of soil were at or below the permanent wilting point through much of the growing seasons of 1989 and 1991. Soil moisture was increased only occasionally where Russian wildrye roots were severed. Key words: Sod-seeding, Psathyrostachys juncea, Medicago media

scholarly journals Response of Epidendrum Ibaguense (orchidaceae) to the application of lime rates to the pot

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donizetti Tomaz Rodrigues ◽  
Roberto Ferreira Novais ◽  
Víctor Hugo Alvarez V ◽  
José Maria Moreira Dias ◽  
Ecila Mercês de Albuquerque Villani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
A Value ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Cultivation Substrate

In the best cultivation methods of orchids, in particular of the genus Phalaenopsis, liming is a common practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of lime rates (0.0; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; and 5.0 g dm-3 of substrate) applied to the cultivation substrate (xaxim) on the growth of Epidendrum ibaguense seedlings. In a greenhouse, 1-L plastic pots filled with 0.8 dm³ of xaxim were irrigated such that no leachate was lost during the experiment. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, B, and Mn contents in roots, stems and leaves were measured. Leachate was collected by applying a sufficient water volume to obtain 25 mL from each pot. Fourteen days after lime application of 3 g dm-3, the pH of the collected leachate reached values above 7 and a value of 6.29 with the highest lime rate at the end of the experiment. The lime rate did not influence plant height, probably due to a Zn deficiency at high pH levels and a Ca deficiency in the control. Nevertheless, there was a large increase in leaf production, for number as well as for dry matter mass. There was no statistical difference between treatments in root dry matter production. Maximum dry matter production was obtained at a lime rate of 4.09 g dm-3. Zinc concentrations diminished linearly with increasing lime rates; the concentrations in all treatments were below the levels suggested as adequate in the literature (25-200 mg kg-1). Nutrient concentrations in leaves indicated deficiency of N, S, and B at the highest lime rates (4.0 and 5.0 g dm-3), and of Ca in the treatment without liming.

Introduction and management of vetch/barley forage mixtures in the rainfed areas of Pakistan. 3. Residual effects on following cereal crops

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Qamar ◽  
J. D. H. Keatinge ◽  
Noor Mohammad (dec.) ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
N Content ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Mixtures

The residual effects of winter-sown forage mixtures grown in the northern rainfed parts of Punjab province and south-eastern North West Frontier Province in Pakistan were examined. Studies were carried out during 1994–97 primarily at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, which has an annual rainfall of around 1000 mm and, secondarily, at a much drier site at the Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC) at Quetta. Common vetch (V), barley (B), and their mixtures at seed ratios of V75B25, V50B50, and V25B75 were sown and 3 harvest time treatments (pre-flowering, full flowering, and maturity) were imposed. Sorghum, and then wheat, were grown as succeeding crops to monitor the residual effects of the introduction and management of legume forage mixtures. Significant residual effects on the dry matter production and nitrogen (N) content of sorghum (P < 0·01) were observed at both NARC and AZRC following different vetch/barley seed ratio treatments. Sorghum dry matter yield after pure vetch and after the mixture ratio treatment of V75B25 was higher (4·5 t/ha) than after other mixtures and it was lowest after sole barley (2·5 t/ha). The N taken up by the sorghum after pure vetch amounted to 56 kg/ha and after pure barley was 25 kg/ha. Nitrogen yield from the sorghum decreased with increasing amount of barley in the mixture. There were no apparent effects of the previous harvest time treatments imposed on the forages. Differences in dry matter production and N content in wheat following sorghum at NARC were just detectable after different vetch/barley seed ratios. The greatest amount of dry matter (>4 t/ha) with an N content of 29 kg/ha was found following pure vetch and sorghum and the lowest dry matter (3·4 t/ha) and N (23 kg/ha) following pure barley and sorghum. At AZRC, the same trends in sorghum were observed as at NARC but with reduced yields due to the substantially lower and less well distributed rainfall and suboptimal temperatures, which restricted the productivity of the initial crops in the sequence.

The effectiveness of zinc fertilizers as measured by DTPA soil extractable zinc, dry matter production and zinc uptake by subterranean clover in relation to soil properties of a range of Australian soils

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zinc Fertilizer

The effectiveness of zinc fertilizer (Zn) on a wide range of Australian soils was examined using subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranean cv. Nungarin) as a test crop in a glasshouse experiment. The initial effectiveness (IE) of zinc fertilizer as measured by dry matter production (DMP), and zinc content (uptake) of subterranean clover (clover) was found to vary markedly among the soil types. No simple linear retationship between the initial effectiveness measured by either dry matter production or uptake and any one soil property was found. IE values were found to be related to the pH (1 : 5 soil :water) (pHw) and the level of DTPA soil extractable zinc measured in the unfertilized soil (Zno). IE based on Zn uptake by clover tops was also related to the organic carbon (OC) (%) content of the soils. The model for IE measured by DMP in a stepwise linear regression was IEDMP = 2.682 - 0.107 pH,-4.852 Zn, (n = 45; r2 = 0-86). IE based on Zn uptake by clover tops was: IEuptake = 10.842 - 0.882 pH, - 0.310 OC (%) - 1.349 Zn, (n = 54; R2 = 0.85). The IE of zinc fertilizer measured by DTPA soil extraction (IEDTPA-zn) was also found to vary markedly among soil types. The level of zinc extracted by DTPA after the addition of Zn fertilizer was found to be affected by clay (%), organic carbon (%) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (%) content of the range of Australian soils. This relationship could be described by: IEDTPA - Zn = 0.178 + 0.0.002 Clay (%) + 0.014 OC (%) + 0.018 CaCO3 (%) (N = 54, r2 = 0.84)

Residual effects of sulfur fertilizers on cut swards of a Stylosanthes guianensis and native grass pasture on a euchrozem soil in north Queensland

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Gilbert ◽  
KA Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Residual Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Fertilizers

A field experiment was undertaken at Meadowbank Station between 1974 and 1980 to assess the residual effects of sulfur application, as gypsum and coarse elemental sulfur, on yields and composition of an established Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Graham and Themeda australis pasture. Sulfur rates ranged from 0-20 kg S ha-1 in years 2 and 3 and from 0-80 kg S ha-1 in year 4. The fertilizer was applied as a single dressing at the beginning of the growing seasons of 1975 (year 2), 1976 and 1977. Dry matter yield and concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur in the legume generally decreased to levels of unfertilized plots after two growing seasons when up to 20 kg S ha-1 was applied. With a rate of 80 kg S ha-1 at the beginning of the 1977 growing season, a response to residual sulfur was still evident in 1980. In each year when a sulfur application was made, there was a strong response by the legume component in terms of yield, legume content and concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur. Coarse elemental sulfur was generally not as effective as gypsum. Phosphate-extractable sulfur in the surface soil (0-10 cm) was low (1 -4 �g g-1) and did not change greatly as a result of sulfur applications up to 20 kg S ha-1. There was evidence of movement of sulfur down the soil profile in plots that received 80 kg S ha-1 as gypsum, but it was not so marked with elemental sulfur. It is suggested that an application of 40 kg S ha-1 as elemental sulfur or gypsum is sufficient to establish and maintain the legume component of the pasture for a period of 4 years.

Solar radiation interception and utilization by chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) crops in northern Syria

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hughes ◽  
J. D. H. Keatinge ◽  
P. J. M. Cooper ◽  
N. F. Dee
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Intercepted Solar Radiation

SummaryAn analysis of chickpea experiments carried out in northern Syria during the 1980–1 and 1981–2 growing seasons showed that both intercepted solar radiation and its rate of conversion to dry matter were variable components of dry-matter production. Among the sources of variation in the experiments, the most important factor affecting both interception and utilization of solar radiation was site. Winter planting also led to increased solar radiation interception and utilization. Used in conjunction with chickpea lines resistant to blight, winter planting seems likely to lead to increased productivity. In higher rainfall areas, where the crop is usually grown, such an increase would be of commercial significance. In drier areas, winter planting would enable the cultivation of chickpea as a subsistence crop.

The ability of several soil extractants to identify copper-responsive wheat soils

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
EK Best ◽  
GK Manning ◽  
NJ Grundon
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range

Tests with six solutions for extracting copper from soil (viz.: 1M ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4); 1M CH3COONH4 + 2% hydroquinone; 0. 5M ammonium oxalate [(NH4)2C2O4]; 0.005M diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid + triethanolamine + calcium chloride (DTPA + TEA + CaCl); 0.005MDTPA + 1M ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3); and 0.01M ethylenediaminetetra- acetic acid (EDTA) + 1M NH4HCO3) were examined in both glasshouse and field studies for their ability to predict the responsiveness to copper fertilizer of wheat grown on a wide range of Queensland soils. The ammonium-acetate-based solutions did not extract measurable amounts of copper from soil. The usefulness of the remaining solutions was in the order EDTA-NH4HCO3>DTPA-NH4HCO3 >> DTPA-TEA-CaCl2 > (NH4)2C2O4. The EDTA-NH4HC03 method is recommended for identifying copper-responsive wheat soils in southern Queensland, and the suggested critical levels for dry matter production and grain yield are 0.4 and 0.3 ppm Cu respectively.

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