EFFECTS OF MOISTURE, ADDED NO3−, AND MACERATED ROOTS ON NO3− TRANSFORMATION AND REDOX POTENTIAL IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE SOILS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
The Relationship

Samples of the Ap, BA, and Bt horizons of a Huron soil were used to study in the laboratory the effects of three moisture levels, added KNO3, and macerated corn roots on NO3− transformation and redox potential (Eh). The soil systems were incubated at 30 C in an atmosphere of 21% O2 and 79% He. Without the addition of NO3− and soil moisture level equivalent to one-half field capacity [Formula: see text] and field capacity (FC), NO3− accumulation occurred. Adding KNO3 alone or KNO3 and macerated roots, and increasing the moisture to twice field capacity (2FC) resulted in NO3− reduction. The relationship between Eh and NO3− reduction and accumulation was similar for the three soil samples. The rate of NO3− reduction or accumulation was stimulated by the addition of macerated roots and was in the order Ap > BA > Bt. NO3− accumulation was accompanied by an increase in Eh from 400 to 430 mV. [Formula: see text] and FC only a portion of the added NO3− was reduced, and the Eh decreased from 400 to 350 mV and was poised thereafter. In saturated soil (2FC) the Eh decreased from positive values to negative values. However in the BA and Bt soils treated with NO3−, macerated roots, or both, the Eh was temporarily poised at 200 mV until all NO3− was reduced.

scholarly journals Development of Sclerotium rolfsii sclerotia on soybean, corn, and wheat straw, under different soil temperatures and moisture contents

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-334
Author(s):  
Victor dos Reis Pinheiro ◽  
Claudine Dinali Santos Seixas ◽  
Cláudia Vieira Godoy ◽  
Rafael Moreira Soares ◽  
Maria Cristina Neves de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of moisture and temperature on the development of Sclerotium rolfsii on soybean, corn, and wheat straw. Wheat straw produced the lowest number of sclerotia. Intermediate soil moisture level (70% of field capacity), and temperatures ranging between 25-30ºC favored sclerotia development. No sclerotia were formed at temperatures between 30-35ºC, on any type of straw.

scholarly journals Adaptive Multi-Paddock Grazing Lowers Soil Greenhouse Gas Emission Potential by Altering Extracellular Enzyme Activity

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Bharat M. Shrestha ◽  
Edward W. Bork ◽  
Scott X. Chang ◽  
Cameron N. Carlyle ◽  
Zilong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Ch4 Uptake ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
The Impact

Adaptive multi-paddock (AMP) grazing is a form of rotational grazing in which small paddocks are grazed with high densities of livestock for short periods, with long recovery periods prior to regrazing. We compared the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), from soils of AMP-grazed grasslands to paired neighboring non-AMP-grazed grasslands across a climatic gradient in Alberta, Canada. We further tested GHG responses to changes in temperature (5 °C vs. 25 °C) and moisture levels (permanent wilting point (PWP), 40% of field capacity (0.4FC), or field capacity (FC)) in a 102-day laboratory incubation experiment. Extracellular enzyme activities (EEA), microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), and available-N were also measured on days 1, 13, and 102 of the incubation to evaluate biological associations with GHGs. The 102-day cumulative fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 were affected by both temperature and moisture content (p < 0.001). While cumulative fluxes of N2O were independent of the grazing system, CH4 uptake was 1.5 times greater in soils from AMP-grazed than non-AMP-grazed grasslands (p < 0.001). There was an interaction of the grazing system by temperature (p < 0.05) on CO2 flux, with AMP soils emitting 17% more CO2 than non-AMP soils at 5 °C, but 18% less at 25 °C. The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of CO2 fluxes increased with soil moisture level (i.e., PWP < 0.4FC ≤ FC). Structural equation modelling indicated that the grazing system had no direct effect on CO2 or N2O fluxes, but had an effect on CH4 fluxes on days 1 and 13, indicating that CH4 uptake increased in association with AMP grazing. Increasing soil moisture level increased fluxes of GHGs—directly and indirectly—by influencing EEAs. Irrespective of the grazing system, the MBC was an indirect driver of CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake through its effects on soil EEAs. The relationships of N-acetyl-β glucosaminidase and β-glucosidase to N2O fluxes were subtle on day 1, and independent thereafter. AMP grazing indirectly affected N2O fluxes by influencing N-acetyl-β glucosaminidase on day 13. We conclude that AMP grazing has the potential to mitigate the impact of a warmer soil on GHG emissions by consuming more CH4 compared to non-AMP grazing in northern temperate grasslands, presumably by altering biogeochemical properties and processes.

scholarly journals Impacts of soil moisture level and organic matter content on growth of two Juncus species and Poa pratensis grown under acid soil conditions

Weed Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-500
Author(s):  
W Kaczmarek‐Derda ◽  
M Helgheim ◽  
J Netland ◽  
H Riley ◽  
K Wærnhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Level

Populations of endogonaceous fungi at two locations in central Iowa

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2518-2529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Walker ◽  
Carl W. Mize ◽  
Harold S. McNabb Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Herbicide Treatment

Two different sites in central Iowa were planted with hybrid poplars and subsequently sampled over a growing season for spores of endogonaceous fungi. At one of the sites, the effects of plowing and herbicide treatment on spore numbers also were examined. Ten species of fungi in the genera Acaulospora, Gigaspora, and Glomus were recorded at the first site. The second location yielded 12 species from the same genera. In both sites, the distribution of spores was highly variable. The poplars rarely became endomycorrhizal and had no effect on spore populations during the experimental period. Changes in spore populations were correlated with soil-moisture level. Evidence was found for some depression of spore production caused by plowing and herbicide treatment. The conclusion was drawn that small samples with but few replicates may not adequately represent populations of endogonaceous spores.

scholarly journals Design and Development of an Automatic Prototype Smart Irrigation Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Input Signals ◽  
Crop Field

In the current condition, it is difficult to increase plant development and reduce expenses in agricultural sectors; nevertheless, an advanced thought leads to the use of an automated model that introduces automation in the irrigation system, which can aid in improved water and human resources management. An automated model has been developed using sensors and microcontroller technology, to make the most efficient use of water supply for irrigation. A soil moisture content detector is inserted into the soil of the crops, and an ultrasonic sensor is placed above the soil of the crops to measure the water level after irrigation has begun. A C++ program with threshold values for the moisture sensor was used to start the system in the crop field depending on the soil moisture level, and an ultrasonic sensor was used to control the water in the crop field. The Arduino UNO board is a microcontroller inbuilt of Atmel in the mega AVR family (ATMega328) and the sensors were used to lead the model in turning ON/OFF. A microcontroller was included in this model to run the program by receiving sensor input signals and converting them to soil water content and water level values in the crop field. The microcontroller began by receiving input values, which resulted in an output instructing the relay to turn on the groundwater pump. An LCD screen has also been interfaced with the microcontroller to show the percentage of moisture in the soil, field water level, and pump condition. When the soil moisture level reaches 99 percent and the water level reaches 6 cm after 2.5 and 4 minutes, respectively, the pump is turned off. This model, according to the study, might save water, time, and reduce human effort.

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