INFLUENCE OF DISCONTINUITIES IN PARTICLE SIZE ON THE GENESIS OF TWO SOILS OF THE HONEYWOOD CATENA

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. ASAMOA ◽  
R. PROTZ
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles

Particle-size discontinuities were located in two soil profiles of the Honeywood catena. Discontinuities in the distribution of clay, Na-dithionite and NH4-oxalate extractable Fe, Al, and Mn indicated varying degrees of translocation of these elements across the established particle-size discontinuities. The particle-size discontinuities appeared to have influenced the movement and accumulation of clay and extractable Fe, Al, and Mn through their effects on the vertical movement of water within the profiles. The degree of pedogenesis within the profiles was assessed by matching soil horizon boundaries and pedogenesis breaks with the established discontinuities. It was concluded that soil development had progressed more in the Embro profile than in the Honeywood profile. Dithionite-Fe breaks appeared to be useful in identifying the lower boundaries of Ae and Bt horizons, whereas oxalate-Fe breaks appeared to be associated with the illuvial B horizons.

KARAKTERISTIK TANAH DAN PERBANDINGAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN METODE TANAM LUBANG BESAR DAN PARIT DRAINASE 2:1 PADA LAHAN SPODOSOL DI KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH - INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Surianto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hole Profile ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Spodosol soil of Typic Placorthod sub-group of East Barito District is one of the problem soils with the presence of hardpan layer, low fertility, low water holding capacity, acid reaction and it is not suitable for oil palm cultivation without any properly specific management of land preparation and implemented best agronomic practices. A study was carried out to evaluate the soil characteristic of a big hole (A profile) and no big hole (B profile) system and comparative oil palm productivity among two planting systems. This study was conducted in Spodosol soil at oil palm plantation (coordinate X = 0281843 and Y = 9764116), East Barito District, Central Kalimantan Province on February 2014, by surveying of placic and ortstein depth and observing soil texture and chemical properties of 2 (two) oil palm's soil profiles that have been planted in five years. Big hole system of commercial oil palm field planting on the Spodosol soil area was designed for the specific purpose of minimizing the potential of a negative effect of shallow effective planting depth for oil palms growing due to the hardpan layer (placic and ortstein) presence as deep as 0.25 - 0.50 m. The big hole system is a planting hole type which was vertical-sided with 2.00 m x 1.50 m on top and bottom side and 3.00 m depth meanwhile the 2:1 drain was vertical-sided also with 1.50 m depth and 300 m length. Oil palm production was recorded from the year 2012 up to 2014. Results indicated that the fractions both big hole profile (A profile) and no big hole profile (B profile) were dominated by sands ranged from 60% to 92% and the highest sands content of non-big hole soil profile were found in A and E horizons (92%). Better distribution of sand and clay fractions content in between layers of big hole soil profiles of A profile sample is more uniform compared to the B profile sample. The mechanical holing and material mixing of soil materials of A soil profile among the upper and lower horizons i.e. A, E, B and C horizons before planting that resulted a better distribution of both soil texture (sands and clay) and chemical properties such as acidity value (pH), C-organic, N, C/N ratio, CEC, P-available and Exchangeable Bases. Investigation showed that exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K), were very low in soil layers (A profile) and horizons (B profile) investigated. The low exchangeable cations due to highly leached of bases to the lower layers and horizons. Besides, the palm which was planted on the big hole system showed good adaptation and response positively by growing well of tertiary and quaternary roots that the roots were penetrable into deeper rooting zone as much as >1.00 m depth. The roots can grow well and penetrate much deeper in A profile compared to the undisturbed hardpan layer (B profile). The FFB (fresh fruit bunches) production of the non-big hole block was higher than the big hole block for the first three years of production. This might be due to the high variation of monthly rainfall in-between years of observation from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, the hardness of placic and ortstein as unpenetrable agents by roots and water to prevent water loss and retain the water in the rhizosphere especially in the drier weather. In the high rainfall condition, the 2:1 drain to prevent water saturation in the oil palm rhizosphere by moving some water into the drain. Meanwhile, the disturbed soil horizon (big hole area) was drier than un disturbance immediately due to water removal to deeper layers. We concluded that both big hole and 2:1 drain are a suitable technology for Spodosol soil land especially in preparing palms planting to minimize the negative effect of the hardpan layer for oil palm growth.

The influence of aeolian dust deposits on alpine soils in south-eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart William Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
National Park ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Alpine Soils ◽  
Aeolian Dust ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Aeolian Sediment ◽  
Dust Deposits

Aeolian sediment collected from 2 locations across the ‘Main Range’ of Kosciuszko National Park, along with a series of soil profiles that were analysed for particle size, were used as a baseline from which to estimate the effects of aeolian sedimentation in this region. Laboratory analysis of the soil profiles indicated that the properties of the surface horizons of the alpine humus soils were heavily influenced by aeolian dust accumulation; however, the sub-surface horizons were mainly derived from the natural bedrock. The surface and subsurface horizons differed in texture bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable cations, and clay mineralogy. This study confirmed that the snow patch meadow soils exhibited particle size and mineralogy consistent with dust enrichment, with distinct bands being found in some profiles.

scholarly journals Soil profile connectivity can impact microbial substrate use, affecting how soil CO<sub>2</sub> effluxes are controlled by temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 4755-4772
Author(s):  
Frances A. Podrebarac ◽  
Sharon A. Billings ◽  
Kate A. Edwards ◽  
Jérôme Laganière ◽  
Matthew J. Norwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Labile C ◽  
C And N ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Intact Soil ◽  
Respiratory Responses

Abstract. Determining controls on the temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic soil respiration remains critical to incorporating soil–climate feedbacks into climate models. Most information on soil respiratory responses to temperature comes from laboratory incubations of isolated soils and typically subsamples of individual horizons. Inconsistencies between field and laboratory results may be explained by microbial priming supported by cross-horizon exchange of labile C or N. Such exchange is feasible in intact soil profiles but is absent when soils are isolated from surrounding depths. Here we assess the role of soil horizon connectivity, by which we mean the degree to which horizons remain layered and associated with each other as they are in situ, on microbial C and N substrate use and its relationship to the temperature sensitivity of respiration. We accomplished this by exploring changes in C : N, soil organic matter composition (via C : N, amino acid composition and concentration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), and the δ13C of respiratory CO2 during incubations of organic horizons collected across boreal forests in different climate regions where soil C and N compositions differ. The experiments consisted of two treatments: soil incubated (1) with each organic horizon separately and (2) as a whole organic profile, permitting cross-horizon exchange of substrates during the incubation. The soils were incubated at 5 and 15 ∘C for over 430 d. Enhanced microbial use of labile C-rich, but not N-rich, substrates were responsible for enhanced, whole-horizon respiratory responses to temperature relative to individual soil horizons. This impact of a labile C priming mechanism was most emergent in soils from the warmer region, consistent with these soils' lower C bioreactivity relative to soils from the colder region. Specifically, cross-horizon exchange within whole soil profiles prompted increases in mineralization of carbohydrates and more 13C-enriched substrates and increased soil respiratory responses to warming relative to soil horizons incubated in isolation. These findings highlight that soil horizon connectivity can impact microbial substrate use in ways that affect how soil effluxes of CO2 are controlled by temperature. The degree to which this mechanism exerts itself in other soils remains unknown, but these results highlight the importance of understanding mechanisms that operate in intact soil profiles – only rarely studied – in regulating a key soil–climate feedback.

The effect of Aeolian accessions on soil development on granitic-rocks in south eastern Australia. III. Micromorphological and geochemical evidence of weathering and soil development

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Chartres ◽  
PH Walker
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
The West ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Swelling Clays ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Red Earth

Micromorphological, mineralogical and chemical data show that clay illuviatidn, clay decomposition and strong weathering of biotite and feldspars to clay mineral$ have all been significant processes of soil development in three red podzolic soils and one red earth. Decomposition of biotite and illuviation of swelling clays into fissures in the saprolite and C horizons appear to have aided the physical fragmentation of the granitic parent materials. Disruption of illuvial features by faunal activity and shrink-swell processes in the upper B horizons accentuate apparent illuvial clay maxima in the B3 and C horizons. Low clay contents in the A horizons of the red podzolic soils examined result from ehviation and clay decomposition, whereas the higher fine sand contents of these horizons result, in part, from the deposition of aeolian transported materials. Substantial aeolian deposition at another site has led to the development of a red earth. The deposition of greater amounts of aeolian material to the soils to the west of Canberra has led to the development of complex, polycyolic soil profiles in comparison to the profiles investigated towards the coast.

Location of trace elements in soil profiles: total contents of particle-size separates

1991 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Berrow ◽  
R. L. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metals ◽  
Soil Profiles

Total contents of 21 trace elements were determined in particle size separates from the horizons of four profiles, two freely drained and two very poorly drained, of Scottish soils on drifts of basic igneous and granitic origin. Trace elements, including Co, Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, V, Zn and also Fe contained in the more easily weathered ferromagnesian minerals, tend to accumulate in the clay and silt. Elements such as Ti and Zr and also La and Y contained in resistant minerals accumulate in the silt or fine sand. Ti and Zr are mobilised to some extent, however, as these elements are present in the clay separates and in some cases show enrichment therein.The alkali metals Li and Rb accumulate in the silt and clay particularly in the granitic soils, while the alkaline earth metals Ba and Sr occur in greatest concentrations in the sands due to their being held largely in resistant feldspar minerals. On release these elements are not strongly adsorbed by the clay.Very poor pedological drainage leads to increased weathering and release of such elements as Co, Cu, Ni, V and Zn from the coarse or fine sands with correspondingly greater enrichment of the associated silt and clay. Weathering and enrichment of the fine fractions takes place largely in situ, there being little evidence of downward translocation due to leaching.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Collapse Accumulation Body in Roadway and Numerical Simulation of Rescue Channel Excavation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangbo Chen ◽  
Pengcheng Teng ◽  
Huiqiang Duan ◽  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Tan Li
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Continuous Formation ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Directional Movement ◽  
Arch Structure

Abstract After the coal mine disaster, the collapsed accumulation body blocked the roadway and interrupted the rescue route, which seriously affected the development of rescue. Based on the post-disaster blockage rescue route of the collapsed accumulation body, the morphology and structural characteristics of the accumulation body were analyzed, and the process of excavating the rescue channel in the collapsed accumulation body in the mining roadway was simulated using CDEM software, and the moving mode of accumulation body fragments was discussed. The study found that: the formation of the accumulation body is the process of continuous “self-organization” adjustment of the rock fragments; the accumulation body along the direction of the roadway axis is divided into three areas: pre-sorting accumulation area, post-sorting accumulation area, and non-sorting accumulation area; the particle size of the accumulation body-particle content conforms to the normal distribution; the harder the rock fragments constituting the accumulation body is, the particle size of the fragments is more different; the number of contact points of the fragments of the tightly accumulation body is more than that of the loose accumulation body; the excavation of the rescue channel is accompanied by the random “self-organization” movement of the accumulated body; the settlement and deformation of the accumulated body is actually the continuous collapse of the old arch structure, and the process of continuous formation of a new arch structure; the initial force of the rescue channel excavation is small, then it increases sharply, and finally stabilizes; the fragment adjustment forms are mainly divided into horizontal movement adjustment, vertical movement adjustment, rotation movement adjustment, and multi-directional movement adjustment. The research conclusion has certain guiding significance for the rescue channel excavation under the condition that the collapsed accumulation body blocks the roadway after the coal mine disaster.

scholarly journals Geogenesis and pedogenesis of well drained brown soils on the youngest Late Weichselian Meuse terrace in North Limburg, Netherlands.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
A.G. Jongmans ◽  
R. Miedema
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Maps ◽  
Argillic Horizon ◽  
Late Weichselian ◽  
Terrace Level

The Meuse terraces of Late Weichselian and Holocene age can be subdivided into 4 levels. The youngest Late Weichselian terrace occurs partly along and close to the present-day Meuse. On recent soil maps the well drained brown soils, occupying the highest positions of this terrace level, have been indicated as Plaggepts. This implies the presence of a plaggen epipedon of more than 50 cm thick. Three characteristic soil profiles were studied macromorphologically and micromorphologically and samples were analysed for particle size distribution and selected chemical properties. It is concluded that the brown top-soils are due to periodic Holocene sedimentation followed by homogenization. The sandy loam and finer-textured Late Weichselian subsoils have a clear argillic horizon. These soils should be classified as Alfisols (Luvisols) rather than Plaggepts. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals FEATURES OF TEXURE OF SOILS OF THE KHANKAISKIY NATURE RESERVE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.М. Голодная ◽  
Е.А. Жарикова
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
Flood Zone ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

Изучение гранулометрического состава почв Ханкайского заповедника показало, что профили почв представляют собой многослойные спектры различного литологического сложения. Сложность почвенных профилей по гранулометрическому составу определяется степенью проявления поемного и аллювиального процессов, литологическими особенностями почвообразующего материала. По типу сложения выделено несколько литологических групп. Темно-гумусовые глеевые, аллювиальные луговые глеевые почвы и буроземы глееватые отличаются резкой дифференциацией профиля по гранулометрическому составу на верхнюю легкую и нижнюю глинистую толщу. Для этих почв отмечено наибольшее содержание фракций физической глины и ила по всему почвенному профилю. Буроземы типичные и аллювиальные луговые глееватые, вышедшие из зоны затопления, характеризуются литологически однородным легким составом. В этих почвах выявлено высокое содержание фракций мелкого песка. The soil profiles the Khankaiskiy Nature Reserve represent multilayer spectra of various lithological addition. The complexity of soil profiles in terms of particle-size distribution is determined by the degree of manifestation of soil and alluvial processes, lithological features of soil-forming material. Several lithological groups are distinguished by the type of texture. Dark humus gley, alluvial meadow gley soils and burozem gleyic shrouds are distinguished by a sharp differentiation of the profile by granulometric composition into an upper light and lower clay thickness. The largest content of fractions of physical clay and silt was noted throughout the profiles for these soils. Burozem typical and alluvial meadow gleyic soils that have emerged from the flood zone characterize this with a lithologically homogeneous light composition. A high content of fine sand fractions was revealed in these soils.

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