RESPONSE TO COPPER AND OPTIMUM LEVELS IN WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS UNDER GREENHOUSE AND FIELD CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
L. B. MacLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Experiments were conducted on a Charlottetown fine sandy loam soil under greenhouse and field conditions to determine the optimum levels of Cu in cereal crops. An application of 0.5 ppm Cu to the soil, under greenhouse conditions, resulted in percent yield increases of about 38, 180 and 500 for kernels of wheat, barley and oats, respectively. Under field conditions, Cu application, in general, did not affect the kernel yield or the weight of 1000 kernels of any of the three cereal crops. Under greenhouse conditions, without applied Cu, wheat and barley heads were 10 to 14 days later in emerging. For maximum yields under greenhouse conditions, the optimum content of Cu in plant tissues at the boot stage was 3.2 to 3.3 ppm for wheat and oats, and 4.8 ppm for barley. A Cu content of 2.3, 2.0 and 1.8 ppm in wheat, barley and oat kernels, respectively, appeared to be sufficient. For straw, a Cu content of 3.9, 3.0 and 2.3 ppm in wheat, barley and oats, respectively, appeared to be adequate for optimum growth of the crops. In general, the Cu content of kernels from field tests was higher than that of kernels from greenhouse tests. Under field conditions, Cu applications did not increase the Cu content of either the boot stage tissue or of the kernels. The results indicated that exchangeable (oxalate-extractable) Cu content of about 1.2 to 1.8 ppm in soil is indicative of Cu deficiency for growing cereal crops under greenhouse conditions.

BORON AND MOLYBDENUM NUTRITION OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS GROWN IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SOILS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Significant Yield

In a greenhouse experiment, an application of 0.25 ppm B to a sandy loam soil resulted in significant yield increases of kernels of wheat, barley, and oats. Yields of barley and wheat decreased at 0.5 ppm applied B, and those of oats at 1 ppm added B. Barley was most sensitive, oats the least, and wheat intermediate to B toxicity. Boron toxicity symptoms in barley were characterized by severe brown spotting and burning of older leaf tips, while in wheat and oats the leaf tips were bleached. A boron concentration of less than 5 ppm in boot stage tissue was in the deficiency range, while a level of 6 to 10 ppm was in the sufficiency range. In wheat and barley, a B concentration of greater than 16 ppm, and in oats of greater than 35 ppm, was indicative of toxicity. The B content of straw proved to be a good indicator for detecting B sufficiency. A survey of fields from Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) showed a range in B concentration of boot stage tissue from 0.5 to 9.9 ppm in barley, 1.1 to 6.0 ppm in wheat, and 0.5 to 5.8 ppm in oats. Under greenhouse conditions, no response to added Mo was found. Applications of 0.25 to 0.5 ppm Mo to the soil reduced yields of wheat and barley. Optimum levels of Mo in the boot stage tissue were 0.09 to 0.18 ppm in barley and wheat, and 0.22 to 0.28 ppm in oats. Sufficiency levels in kernels were 0.16 to 0.20 ppm for wheat, 0.26 to 0.32 ppm for barley, and 0.33 to 0.50 ppm for oats. In general, Mo concentration of 0.08 to 0.19 ppm in cereal straw was considered to be in the sufficiency range. The Mo concentration of boot stage tissue from survey samples ranged from 0.04 to 0.34 ppm in barley, 0.04 to 2.37 ppm in wheat, and 0.06 to 0.60 ppm in oats.

INFLUENCE OF TERBACIL ON MICROBIOTA IN SOIL AND CULTURES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
E.B. ROSLYCKY
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Terbacil in concentrations up to 500 μg∙g−1 of sandy loam soil had little effect on populations of actinomycetes, bacteria, and fungi under laboratory and field conditions during a period of 5 mo. Concentrations up to 700 μg of terbacil∙mL−1 did not affect the in vitro growth of 111 strains of agriculturally important microorganisms, including effective, parasitic, and lysogenic rhizobia from seven cross-inoculation groups, pathogenic, attenuated, and saprophytic agrobacteria, azotobacters, and other bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi. Terbacil inhibited the respiration of total soil microbiota, of bacteria, and of fungi at all concentrations tested. By contrast, it stimulated the respiration of actinomycetes at concentrations up to 500 μg∙mL−1 and partially inhibited it at 700 μg∙mL−1. Replication of bacterial and actinomycete isolates showed minimal inhibition by the extreme concentrations.

scholarly journals Residue Kinetics of Ethofumesate in Texturally Diverse Soils of Sugar Beet Crop under Field Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shishir Tandon ◽  
Suman Lata Pal
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Quantitation Limit ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop

Indiscriminate use of pesticides and growing awareness of environmental and health problems had led to monitoring their residues in soil and crops. Ethofumesate is one of the widely used herbicides for controlling weeds in sugar beet. Dissipation kinetics and terminal residues of ethofumesate were investigated in two diverse soils under subtropical field conditions. Ethofumesate dissipated slowly after application and follows biphasic first-order kinetics in soils. The average half-life for initial and later phases in sandy loam soil, respectively, was 14.54 and 20.42 and 51.83 and 65.21 days, while for silty clay loam, it was 10.09 and 13.00 and 71.42 and 73.10 days, respectively. Recoveries in soil, leaves, and beetroot ranged from 78.15 to 88.05, 77.01 to 88.58, and 76.25 to 84.50%, respectively. The quantitation limit for soil, roots, and leaves was 0.002 μg g−1. At harvest, no residues were detected in soils, leaves, and sugar beetroots. Residues were below the maximum residue limits in sugar beetroots and leaves as set by EU (0.2 ppm). Ethofumesate is safe from weed control and environmental aspects as it does not persist for a long duration in soils and does not appear to pose any adverse effect on human/animal health under subtropical field conditions.

Fall-applied cattle manure did not provide nitrogen fertilizer value to spring cereal crops

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Leanne Ejack ◽  
Chih-Yu Hung ◽  
Joann K. Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Growing Conditions

Fall-applied manure may have nitrogen (N) fertilizer value for spring-seeded crops. We applied liquid or solid cattle manure to plots on a sandy-loam soil in southern Quebec in fall. The following spring, half of each plot received urea fertilizer before planting the spring cereal crop. Total N content of the spring cereal at tillering, flowering, and maturity was lower in subplots without urea, and yields were up to 183% less in the no-urea subplots, regardless of whether liquid or solid manure was applied in fall. Fall-applied manure did not provide plant-available N to spring cereals under our growing conditions.

Persistence and binding of DDT and gamma-HCH in a sandy loam soil under field conditions in Delhi, India

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Samuel ◽  
Hari C. Agarwal ◽  
Madathil K. K. Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Loam Soil

SELENIUM CONTENT OF SOILS AND CROPS AND THE EFFECTS OF LIME AND SULFUR ON PLANT SELENIUM

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Wheat Kernels ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation

Soils representing the more important series on Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) and forage and cereal crops grown on them were analyzed for Se content. Total soil Se content varied from 0.09 to 0.60 ppm and showed a positive significant correlation with the Se content of timothy (r = 0.40) and with soil pH (r = 0.29). The Se concentration of forage crop tissues and cereal grains from P.E.I. varied from 0.004 to 0.043 ppm. These concentrations of Se are considered to be deficiency levels for livestock feed. Wheat kernels contained a higher concentration of Se than barley kernels; however, barley tissue, sampled at the boot stage, contained higher quantities of Se than wheat sampled at the same stage. Addition of lime, S, B and Mo to the soil, under field conditions, did not affect the Se concentration of plant tissues.

Formation and Movement of14C-Atrazine Degradation Products in a Sandy Loam Soil Under Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A. Sorenson ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
William C. Koskinen ◽  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
William E. Lueschen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Product ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Atrazine Degradation

Formation and distribution of14C-atrazine degradation products in the top 120 cm of soil were determined over 16 mo under field conditions in an Estherville sandy loam. After 16 mo, 78% of applied14C was still present in the soil. By 2 mo after treatment (MAT),14C had moved to the 30- to 40-cm depth; however, movement to depths greater than 40 cm was not observed. Greater than 98% of the14C remaining in the soil profile after 16 mo was in the top 20 cm. Twenty-seven percent of the14C applied was atrazine 16 MAT. Atrazine was the predominant14C-compound in soil below 10 cm. Hydroxyatrazine (HA) was the major degradation product in the top 10 cm of soil. The proportion of14C as HA in the top 10 cm increased from 15% 2 MAT to 37% 16 MAT. Deethylatrazine (DEA) was the predominant degradation product at the 10- to 30-cm depth and accounted for up to 23% of the14C present in the 10- to 20-cm depth. Deisopropylatrazine (DIA) accounted for less than 6% of the radioactivity recovered at any soil depth. The proportion of DEA and DIA increased while the proportion of HA decreased as soil depth increased, indicating that DEA and DIA are more mobile in soil than HA. Detection of HA at depths greater than 10 cm appears to be due to in situ degradation of atrazine previously moved to that soil depth. The large amount of14C remaining in the soil 16 MAT suggests that a large pool of atrazine and its degradation products are present in the soil for an extended period following application and have the potential to contaminate ground water.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Remains on the Tilling Machine Movable Operating Parts Abrasive Wear Rate

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Borak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Chemical Factor ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Working Bodies

Abrasive wear is one of the most common types of wear accounting for up to 50% of all failures of machine parts. The study of laws governing the process of abrasive wear process is undoubtedly a critical task. The paper is dedicated to the effect that the chemical factor, in particular the presence of plant remains in the abrasive mass, has on the tilling machine movable operating parts abrasive wear rate. Laboratory researches were performed with the Impeller technique, while the field tests – with a multipurpose disk tiller UDA-4.5 in the conditions of the Ovruch district of Zhytomyr region (sandy loam soil). As follows from the study, the ooze of the sap (syrup) leads to an increase of the abrasive wear rate by 13,5…21,5% in the laboratory conditions. As a result, it was found that the rate of mass wear of the disk working bodies (multipurpose disk tiller UDA-4.5) on the field after corn was increased by 8% compared to the rate of wear of the disk working bodies on the field without plant residues. Results of the field tests confirm those of the laboratory studies, although the latter have demonstrated an increase in the wear rate, which is by 13,5% greater than got upon the field tests. Such a deviation is conditioned by a higher concentration of the corn crop remains in the abrasive mass during laboratory testing. Abrasive wear of the tilling machine movable operating parts may not be identified as a simple mechanical process, as the working surface wear rate may be significantly increased by the chemical factor when subject to wear in the real soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Vermicompost Amendment on Nutritional Status of Sandy Loam Soil, Growth Performance, and Yield of Pineapple (Ananas comosus var. MD2) under Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mawiyah Mahmud ◽  
Rosazlin Abdullah ◽  
Jamilah Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loam Soil

Vermicompost is the product of composting or breaking down organic matter through the use of earthworms. It is rich in essential plant nutrients, and has the ability to enhance the condition and increase the quality of the soil. In the present study, a field trial was conducted from January 2015 until March 2016 to elucidate the effects of vermicompost application (compared to supplementation with chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer) on the sandy loam soil and plant nutrients of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. MD2). The morphophysiology and yield performance of MD2 pineapple grown with vermicompost in the field were also evaluated. In this study, vermicompost was applied onto the sandy loam soils during transplanting, followed by a second application at seven MAP (months after planting) at the rate of 10 t ha−1. On the other hand, the chemical fertilizer was applied based on the normal conventional cultivation practice. The soil and D-leaf samples at six MAP (S1) and during the red bud stage (S2; 10 MAP) were used to determine the soil and plant nutrient contents. The morphology of the plants was evaluated every month, and the fruits that were produced were subjected to quality analysis. Data analysis revealed that soil pH was increased after a second supplementation of vermicompost and contained significantly higher total N (0.15%) in the soils compared to the control (0.07%). There was no significant difference between plants supplied with chemical fertilizer and vermicompost in terms of plant height, number of leaves, or the length and width of D-leaves. However, different fertilization treatments were found to affect the yield and physical characteristics of the resulting fruits. Plants supplied with chemical fertilizer produced the highest fruit yield (136.97 t ha−1) with the largest fruit size, followed by vermicompost (121.39 t ha−1) and the control (94.93 t ha−1). However, fruits supplied with vermicompost were observed to have the smallest crowns. Taken together, these results indicated that the use of vermicompost produced pineapple plants with excellent growth performance, comparable to that obtained when chemical fertilizer was used. Also, based on the cost analysis conducted, it was shown that the total cost (fertilizer and labor) for plants grown with vermicompost was lower than plants grown with chemical fertilizer. However, the usage of vermicompost as the single source of nutrients is not suggested for this type of soil and field conditions, but can be used as a supplement to maintain the soil quality and ensure agricultural sustainability.

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