USE OF THE FIELDES AND PERROTT SODIUM FLUORIDE TEST TO DISTINGUISH THE B HORIZONS OF PODZOLS IN THE FIELD

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. BRYDON ◽  
J. H. DAY
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Spot Test ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Test Plate ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Extractable Al

The Fields and Perrott test, originally devised as a test for allophane, has been shown to give a positive test with soil materials having reactive Al(OH)x. This includes the Bf horizon of Podzols. In the test, a drop of saturated NaF solution is added to approximately 10 mg of soil on a spot test plate. After 2 min, the pH of the suspension, as measured with narrow range pH paper, divided a variety of B horizons into two groups. The Bf horizons gave pH values above 10.3 whereas Bm, Bg or Bt horizons all yielded pH values below 10.2 with this field test. The C horizons of a number of Podzols yielded a variety of pH values but the values were all low in the Ae and high in the B horizons. This grouping was found to be a funtion of the content of oxalate-extractable Al. Ground gibbsite, amorphous Al(OH)3, allophane, synthetic dioctahedral chlorite and Bf horizons which had greater than 1% oxalate-extractable Al yielded pH values in 1 M NaF solution of 11.0 or higher. Therefore, the Fieldes and Perrott test cannot be considered as a specific test for allophane.

scholarly journals A diagnostic test for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sheridan ◽  
C Carter ◽  
JG Kelton
Keyword(s):  
High Specificity ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Test Result

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia can be a serious and difficult-to- diagnose complication of heparin therapy. Serum from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia can cause heparin-dependent platelet aggregation, but the low sensitivity and specificity of this test limit its clinical usefulness. In this report we describe an assay for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia that is both sensitive and specific. The improvement in the assay was accomplished by measuring platelet release instead of aggregation and by measuring platelet release at two heparin concentrations. The rationale for the use of two heparin concentrations was that sera from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia caused release at therapeutic but not at high concentrations of heparin. Twenty-eight sera samples from patients suspected of having heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and 573 controls were coded and tested in the assay. The patients with possible heparin- induced thrombocytopenia were ranked according to the likelihood of having this disorder by using prospectively defined criteria. The test had a high specificity (99%); only one of 573 controls showed a positive result. The test was also very sensitive, and the likelihood of a positive test result was directly correlated with the clinical likelihood of the patient having heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Six of six patients with definitive heparin-induced thrombocytopenia had positive test results, whereas zero of four patients in whom the diagnosis was unlikely had positive test results. The two-point test for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia represents a sensitive and specific test for this disorder. This test may be useful not only in confirming the diagnosis of this disorder but also may provide information about its pathogenesis.

A Rapid Chemical Field Test for Archaeological Site Surveying

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Eidt
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Spot Test ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
Relative Duration ◽  
Soil Phosphate

AbstractA simple and inexpensive qualitative chemical field method, or spot test, is described for ascertaining the presence of enriched soil phosphate. The spot test is an efficient technique for rapid archaeological site surveying, for elimination of guesswork in establishing trench lines, and for creating phosphate maps depicting type, extent, and relative duration of abandoned settlement features.

Field tests for ferrous iron and ferric-organic complexes (on exchange sites or in water-soluble forms) in soils

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Childs
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Organic Complexes

A 1 M solution of ammonium acetate containing �, �-dipyridyl indicator is recommended for use in field tests for exchangeable and water-soluble ferrous iron in soils. In using the test, a soil sample may be added to a vial containing the solution, or the solution can be sprayed on to a freshly exposed soil face. A field test for ferric-organic complexes in soils, using the same vials, is proposed. This is based on the photochemical nature of the reduction of ferric to ferrous iron in the presence of oxidizable organic ligands. Two subsamples of soil are added to separate vials, and light is excluded from one. After 5-15 min, a positive test for ferrous iron in the vial exposed to light, and a negative test in the other, indicates the presence of ferric-organic complexes.

scholarly journals Redox potential, nitrate content and pH in flooded Eutric Cambisol during nitrate reduction

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wlodarczyk ◽  
P. Szarlip ◽  
M. Brzezinska ◽  
U. Kotowska
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Flooding ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Curvilinear Relation

Topsoils from 16 arable Cambisols developed from sand, loam and silt were used to study soil ability to nitrate reduction under flooding conditions. The strongest drop of redox potential (Eh) was observed during the first day of soil flooding. Decreasing tendency in pH values was observed of alkaline and neutral soils, and an increase in pH of acid and strongly acid soils, accompanied by a fall in Eh values. Redox potential was negatively correlated with the pH values (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.3041; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The fall of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup> varied from 20 to 100% depending on the type of soil and on the time of incubation. With a decrease of nitrate content within the range from 100 to 10 mg NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&minus;</sup>-N/kg, the value of redox potential decreased from 250 to 190 mV. The highest reduction of nitrates coincided with Eh values within a narrow range between 200 and 210 mV. Statistical analysis of redox potential in the function of the content of nitrates showed a curvilinear relation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.3823; <i>p</i> < 0.001).

The heat stability of milk as affected by variations in pH and milk salts

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Soluble Calcium ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Minimum Heat

SummaryThe maximum and minimum heat stability exhibited by most milks over a relatively narrow range of pH values is shown also by synthetic colloidal calcium caseinate-calcium phosphate systems and even by simple caseinate systems, provided all possess adequate contents of β-lactoglobulin, soluble calcium and phosphate. The phenomenon is not, however, dependent on the presence of the characteristic micellar structure of the casein of milk. The minimum stability observed, usually around pH 6·9, is the most characteristic feature of the phenomenon and arises from heat induced deposition of calcium phosphate on a caseinate/β-lactoglobulin complex. This reaction, which tends to occur to a marked degree at relatively high pH values and calcium ion concentrations, sensitizes the complex to precipitation by calcium ions. The precise pH values at which the maximum and minimum stabilities occur can vary depending on the salt composition of the serum, since the latter can influence the solubility of calcium phosphate.

Reduction of Enamel Solubility by Sodium Monophosphate

1976 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Feller ◽  
I.L. Shannon ◽  
L.F. Matranga ◽  
H.W. Osborne ◽  
R.S. Perez
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Significant Superiority

Acid-etched human enamel was treated with sodium monofluorophosphate solutions at differing concentrations, pH values, and temperatures and for various time periods. Conditions for optimal enamel solubility reduction are presented. Comparison of the efficacy of sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium fluoride in aqueous solutions and pastes indicated significant superiority of the former.

scholarly journals A diagnostic test for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sheridan ◽  
C Carter ◽  
JG Kelton
Keyword(s):  
High Specificity ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Test Result

Abstract Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia can be a serious and difficult-to- diagnose complication of heparin therapy. Serum from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia can cause heparin-dependent platelet aggregation, but the low sensitivity and specificity of this test limit its clinical usefulness. In this report we describe an assay for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia that is both sensitive and specific. The improvement in the assay was accomplished by measuring platelet release instead of aggregation and by measuring platelet release at two heparin concentrations. The rationale for the use of two heparin concentrations was that sera from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia caused release at therapeutic but not at high concentrations of heparin. Twenty-eight sera samples from patients suspected of having heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and 573 controls were coded and tested in the assay. The patients with possible heparin- induced thrombocytopenia were ranked according to the likelihood of having this disorder by using prospectively defined criteria. The test had a high specificity (99%); only one of 573 controls showed a positive result. The test was also very sensitive, and the likelihood of a positive test result was directly correlated with the clinical likelihood of the patient having heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Six of six patients with definitive heparin-induced thrombocytopenia had positive test results, whereas zero of four patients in whom the diagnosis was unlikely had positive test results. The two-point test for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia represents a sensitive and specific test for this disorder. This test may be useful not only in confirming the diagnosis of this disorder but also may provide information about its pathogenesis.

Desmids (Chlorophyta, Zygnematophyceae) from the Girutiskis mire complex reserve (East Lithuania)

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Briskaite ◽  
Jolanta Kostkeviciene ◽  
Jonas Naujalis
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acidic Lakes ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe desmid flora of the Girutiskis mire complex reserve in Lithuania, a Natura 2000 territory and a potential Ramsar site, was investigated for the first time. Despite being a relatively small area with homogenous ecological conditions and a narrow range of pH-values, some pattern in the distribution of desmid species was observed. The lowest number of species was observed in the highly acidic lakes that were surrounded by sub-shrub bogs, and the highest number in less acidic lakes that were surrounded by trembling bogs. A total of 78 desmid taxa were found of which 16 were first records for Lithuania. Almost half of the taxa were uniquely found at one site, and only 10% were classified as frequent.

scholarly journals Validity of a Squash-Specific Test of Change-of-Direction Speed

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wilkinson ◽  
Damon Leedale-Brown ◽  
Edward M. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Talent Identification ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Association Football ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Performance Times

Purpose:We examined the validity and reproducibility of a squash-specifc test designed to assess change-of-direction speed.Methods:10 male squash and 10 male association-football and rugby-union players completed the Illinois agility run (IAR) and a squash change-of-direction-speed test (SCODS) on separate days. Tests were repeated after 24 h to assess reproducibility. The best time from three attempts was recorded in each trial.Results:Performance times on the IAR (TE 0.27 s, 1.8%, 90% CI 0.21 to 0.37 s; LOA -0.12 s ± 0.74; LPR slope 1, intercept -2.8) and SCODS (TE 0.18 s, 1.5%, 90% CI 0.14 to 0.24 s; LOA 0.05 s ± 0.49; LPR slope 0.95, intercept 0.5) were reproducible. There were no statistically significant differences in performance time between squash (14.75 ± 0.66 s) and nonsquash players (14.79 ± 0.41 s) on the IAR. Squash players (10.90 ± 0.44 s) outperformed nonsquash players (12.20 ± 0.34 s) on the SCODS (P < .01). Squash player rank significantly correlated with SCODS performance time (Spearman’s ρ = 0.77, P < .01), but not IAR performance time (Spearman’s ρ = 0.43, P = .21).Conclusions:The results suggest that the SCODS test is a better measure of sport-specific capability than an equivalent nonspecific field test and that it is a valid and reliable tool for talent identification and athlete tracking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document