Field tests for ferrous iron and ferric-organic complexes (on exchange sites or in water-soluble forms) in soils

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Childs
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Organic Complexes

A 1 M solution of ammonium acetate containing �, �-dipyridyl indicator is recommended for use in field tests for exchangeable and water-soluble ferrous iron in soils. In using the test, a soil sample may be added to a vial containing the solution, or the solution can be sprayed on to a freshly exposed soil face. A field test for ferric-organic complexes in soils, using the same vials, is proposed. This is based on the photochemical nature of the reduction of ferric to ferrous iron in the presence of oxidizable organic ligands. Two subsamples of soil are added to separate vials, and light is excluded from one. After 5-15 min, a positive test for ferrous iron in the vial exposed to light, and a negative test in the other, indicates the presence of ferric-organic complexes.

A modification of Childs' field test for ferrous iron and ferric-organic complexes in soils.

Soil Research ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Kennedy ◽  
HKJ Powell ◽  
JM White
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Organic Complexes

A modification to Childs' field test for water-soluble and exchangeable ferrous iron in soils is described. To prevent redox decomposition of ferric-organic species, which is induced by the reagent �,�' -dipyridyl, a mixed NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid)-�,�-dipyridyl reagent at pH 7 is recommended.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water and ammonium acetate tests as indices for available P in limed soils

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Salt Addition ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Extraction Test ◽  
Soluble P

The water and acid acetate extractions as predictors of the P uptake by plants were compared in a two-year pot experiment and a simultaneous incubation test. The accuracy of these methods was dissimilarly affected by individual cultivation measures, such as the addition of nutrient salts and liming. In contrast to acetate-extractable P, the water-soluble P proved to be sensitive to the salt addition reducing the water extraction test values markedly. On the other hand, in limed soils the water-soluble P seemed to be more closely related to the P uptake by plants than the acetate-extractable P which tended to overestimate available reserves.

Early Age Performance of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement with Different Types of Aggregate

1997 ◽  
Vol 1568 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Yoon-Ho Cho ◽  
Terry Dossey ◽  
B. Frank Mccullough
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Crack Spacing ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Curing Methods ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
New Variables

The effect of coarse aggregate on pavement performance has been attributed to the volume of aggregate used in pavement construction. The different patterns of crack development for limestone (LS) and siliceous river gravel (SRG) are a typical example of aggregate-induced variable performance in continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP). An attempt was made to find a reasonable solution for pavements with SRG. As a way to solve the performance problem observed from the SRG pavement, a blended aggregates mixture was suggested. Laboratory and field tests were performed to check the feasibility of their application in pavements. From the laboratory test, a 50:50 blending ratio was suggested after considering the effect on tensile strength and thermal coefficient of expansion. Field test sections were also constructed to verify previous performance observations for the two aggregates and to provide performance data for new variables such as blended aggregates and special curing methods. Unexpectedly, the blended mixture did not improve the performance of SRG pavement; rather it experienced worse cracking than SRG alone. A controlled experiment with additional field test sections is needed to verify or disprove this finding. The only definitive finding was that selection of aggregate in the concrete pavement is a vital consideration for the design of the pavement. The CRCP8 analytical program reasonably predicted crack spacing for both SRG and LS pavements, predicting mean crack spacing of 0.99 m (3.25 ft) for SRG and 1.98 m (6.41 ft) for the limestone. These values are somewhat below the actual spacing observed at 100 days. Data collected after the first winter period will be required to calibrate the program.

Numerical simulation and field test study of desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment through flue gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-jia Deng ◽  
Liang-ming Pan ◽  
De-qi Chen ◽  
Yu-quan Dong ◽  
Cheng-mu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Desulfurization Wastewater

Aimed at cost saving and pollution reduction, a novel desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment system (DWETS) for handling wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) wastewater of a coal-fired power plant was studied. The system's advantages include simple process, and less investment and space. The feasibility of this system has been proven and the appropriate position and number of nozzles, the spray droplet size and flue gas temperature limitation have been obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation results show that a longer duct, smaller diameter and higher flue gas temperature could help to increase the evaporation rate. The optimal DWETS design of Shangdu plant is 100 μm droplet sprayed by two nozzles located at the long duct when the flue gas temperature is 130 °C. Field tests were carried out based on the simulation results. The effects of running DWETS on the downstream devices have been studied. The results show that DWETS has a positive impact on ash removal efficiency and does not have any negative impact on the electrostatic precipitator (ESP), flue gas heat exchanger and WFGD. The pH values of the slurry of WFGD slightly increase when the DWETS is running. The simulation and field test of the DWETS show that it is a feasible future technology for desulfurization wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Estimation of Outdoor PM2.5 Infiltration into Multifamily Homes Depending on Building Characteristics Using Regression Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5708
Author(s):  
Bo-Ram Park ◽  
Ye-Seul Eom ◽  
Dong-Hee Choi ◽  
Dong-Hwa Kang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Building Characteristics ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The purpose of this study was to evaluate outdoor PM2.5 infiltration into multifamily homes according to the building characteristics using regression models. Field test results from 23 multifamily homes were analyzed to investigate the infiltration factor and building characteristics including floor area, volume, outer surface area, building age, and airtightness. Correlation and regression analysis were then conducted to identify the building factor that is most strongly associated with the infiltration of outdoor PM2.5. The field tests revealed that the average PM2.5 infiltration factor was 0.71 (±0.19). The correlation analysis of the building characteristics and PM2.5 infiltration factor revealed that building airtightness metrics (ACH50, ELA/FA, and NL) had a statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation (r = 0.70, 0.69, and 0.68, respectively) with the infiltration factor. Following the correlation analysis, a regression model for predicting PM2.5 infiltration based on the ACH50 airtightness index was proposed. The study confirmed that the outdoor-origin PM2.5 concentration in highly leaky units could be up to 1.59 times higher than that in airtight units.

scholarly journals Uji Ketahanan Klon Kentang Hasil Pesilangan Atlantic x Repita terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Phytophthora infestans

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Helmi Kurniawan ◽  
Ineu Sulastrini ◽  
Tarkus Suganda
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACTResistance Test of Potato Clones Derived from Crossing of Atlantic x Repita to Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)Late blight, incited by Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive disease of potato. The management that is effective and environmentally-friendly is the use of resistant variety. The objective of this study was to test the resistance of the six potato clones (AR 04, AR 05, AR 06, AR 07, AR 08 and AR 09) derived from crossing var. Atlantic x var. Repita to late blight caused by P. infestans. Var. Atlantic, Repita and Granola were used as susceptible, resistant and susceptible but the most-grown variety, respectively. Field test was located in Ciwidey, one of the potato growing center where late blight is endemic since potatoes are continuously grown. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. The result showed that clones AR 07 and AR 08 were more resistant than the other potato clones, but it still below the resistance level var. Repita. However, based on statistical test on the diseases development (AUDPC), clone AR 08 could be categorized as resistant, equal with of the resistance level of var. Repita.Keywords: Potato clones, Rsistance, P. infestansABSTRAKPenyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan Phytopthora infestans merupakan penyakit utama pada tanaman kentang. Pengendalian yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan adalah dengan penanaman varietas tahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketahanan 6 klon kentang (AR 4, AR5, AR6, AR7, AR 8, dan AR9) yang merupakan hasil persilangan antara var. Atlantic (produksi tinggi tetapi rentan) dengan var. Repita, sebagai tetua tahan terhadap penyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan oleh P. infestans. Varietas Atlantic, Repita dan Granola digunakan sebagai pembanding. Pengujian ketahanan dilakukan di Ciwidey, yang merupakan salah satu sentra produksi kentang di Jawa Barat dan endemik penyakit hawar daun. Perlakuan ditata menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klon AR 07 dan Klon AR 08 memiliki ketahanan yang lebih baik dibanding klon-klon kentang lainnya, namun tingkat ketahanannya masih di bawah cv Repita. Namun, berdasarkan uji statistik terhadap nilai perkembangan penyakit (AUDPC) klon AR 08 dapat dikategorikan tahan, sama dengan derajat tahan var. Repita.Kata Kunci: Klon kentang, Ketahanan, P. infestans

scholarly journals PISA-LIKE MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS: USING TAEKWONDO CONTEXT OF ASIAN GAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Rawani ◽  
Ratu Ilma Indra Putri ◽  
Hapizah Hapizah
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Formative Evaluation ◽  
Design Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Mathematical Abilities ◽  
Mathematics Problems ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Reasoning And Argument

This research aims to produce a valid, practical, and having potential effects PISA-like mathematics problems using taekwondo context in Asian Games. The subjects were MIA 3 student of SMA 10 Palembang. This study was design research of development study in which had two stages: the preliminary and formative evaluation. The formative evaluation includes self-evaluation, one-to-one and expert review, small group, and field test. The context is used to have the students estimate maximum numbers of exercising athletes in a hall with a specific size. The result of the analysis shows that the problems which were reviewed by three expert reviews are valid qualitatively based on the PISA framework; it is also practical and easy to understand the problem. Based on the analysis of students’ answer, the developed problems display potential effects on student’s diverse basic mathematical abilities on the various process of answering the problems. The basic mathematics abilities emerging among which are reasoning and argument ability. It appears that students can develop and solve the problem by modeling using their assumptions. Also, the other ability is designing strategies to solve problems in which students use various procedures in solving problems leading the conclusion.

scholarly journals Different soil potassium fractions and their contribution towards its uptake under long-term rice-rice cropping system in an Inceptisol of subtropical eastern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
Raghabananda Nayak ◽  
Kumbhakarna Rout ◽  
Mitali Mandal ◽  
Abhiram Dash
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Pot Culture

A pot culture experiment was conducted by taking soils from a long term fertilizer experimental field to evaluate the contribution of different K fractions towards rice biomass yield and potassium uptake in different long term fertilizer management practices. Twelve different soils were taken for pot culture and graded dose of potassium @ 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg K2O ha-1 was applied. Rice variety Lalat was grown as test crop. The forms of potassium were determined in the surface soil of 0-15 cm after maturity of crop. The result shows that water soluble form of K is the major contributor to biomass yield in soils taken from100% PK, 100% NPKZn, 100% NPKZnB,100% NPKZnS,100% NPK lime and control treated plots of the main field where as exchangeable K is dominant form of K in 100% NPK and 150% NPK. Ammonium acetate K contributes to yield in NPKFYM lime treatment. The nitric acid extractable K is a major contributor to yield in 100% NPKFYM,100% N or100% NP treatment. The water soluble form of K is the major source towards uptake in 150% NPK, NPKFYM lime ,100% NPKZnB, or control. Ammonium acetate K becomes the main source by applying 100% PK,100% NPK,100% NPKZn,100% NPKZnSor 100% NPKlime whereas exchangeable K becomes major contributor by100%N,or 100% NP application and 1 N HNO3 extractable K is the main source of K uptake in NPKFYM treatment. Therefore due importance of different form of potassium should be given in soil test value for better fertilizer management.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Practitioner Judgments of the Social Validity of Performance Checklists and Parent Practice Guides

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Dunst
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Social Validity ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Early Childhood Intervention ◽  
The Social ◽  
Childhood Intervention ◽  
Made In

Findings from three field tests evaluations of early childhood intervention practitioner performance checklists and three parent practice guides are reported. Forty-two practitioners from three early childhood intervention programs reviewed the checklists and practice guides and made (1) social validity judgments of both products, (2) judgments of the compatibility of the checklists and practice guides, and (3) suggestions for improving the intervention products and materials. Results showed that practitioner feedback and suggestions yielded valuable information for improving the products where changes made in response to the practitioners’ social validity ratings and suggestions from the first field test had discernible effects on judgments and feedback of revised products. The importance of striving to develop intervention products and materials that are judged as socially important and acceptable is described.

scholarly journals Planungsrechnungen zur Optimierung von Zuchtplänen der Rasse Merinofleischschaf

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-280
Author(s):  
U. Müller ◽  
K. Strittmatter ◽  
G. Nitter
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Scheme ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Basic Scheme ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Step Selection

Abstract. Title of the paper: Alternative selection strategies for the Mutton Merino breed to optimize breedine Systems This paper deals with the investigation of alternative selection strategies for the Mutton Merino breed to improve lamb meat production and fertility. A main topic is the application of ultrasonic scanning to evaluate the meat content on live animals. The aim of model calculations was the optimisation and comparison of five different selection strategies within three different schemes of gene dissimation. First a basic scheme was defined and optimised (selection on field records, one-step selection, no scanning). It was regarded as the reference scheme to which all other breeding Systems were related. The following schemes considered both, selection with and without scanning. A second scheme, also based on field records, includes two-step selection of rams (called improved field test scheme). In a third and fourth scheme a level of uniform environment was assumed for ram progeny testing. These are a central testing Station on the one hand with slaughtering and carcass evaluation on progeny, and one or more contract farms on the other (without slaughtering). For a fifth selection scheme an open nucleus was assumed with ram progeny testing in associated test herds. In a dcterministic approach using the ZPLAN Computer program, the monetary genetic gain for the breeding objeetive (traits lambs weaned, litter weight at weaning, postweaning daily gain and lean meat content) and the profit were calculated for each scheme after optimisation of various biological-technical coefficients. The highest profit was achieved with a nucleus scheme (DM 9,16). Due to low recording costs the basic scheme was second (DM 7,19) and, because of high costs, the Station scheme was last (DM 4,22). The other two schemes were intermediate (DM 6,98 for the scheme with contract farms and DM 6,58 for the improved field test scheme). On an average over all schemes, scanning resulted in a 0,24 DM (i.e. almost 30 per cent) increase of the monetary genetic gain and a threefold higher genetic gain for lean meat percentage. In all schemes scanning lead also to a higher profit because the higher retum of selection based on scanning exceeded the higher costs.

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