CONCENTRATIONS OF SOIL NUTRIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER FIRE

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Extractable Iron

Large amounts of nutrients from the L-H horizons and 0–2 cm of mineral soil were either redistributed at mineral soil depths or removed by leaching within a 15-month period after severe fire in jack pine barren lands in northern Ontario. Losses and redistribution by leaching were attributed to the large decrease in amount of organic matter (79 to 91%) and a decrease in exchange capacity of the L-H horizons as a result of burning. Increased solubility of the nutrients deposited in ash contributed to their vulnerability to leaching.Leaching of sodium, potassium and calcium was greatest during the first 3-month period after fire. Differential leaching resulted from the differing adsorption properties of the cations; more potassium was leached in comparison with calcium. Decreases in levels of extractable iron, aluminum and phosphorus may have been partly the result of their fixation in unavailable form, but leaching was responsible for 48% of the decrease in extractable phosphorus from the surface horizons over the 15-month period.

SESQUIOXIDE-CEMENTED SOIL HORIZONS IN NORTHERN QUEBEC: THEIR DISTRIBUTION, PROPERTIES AND GENESIS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Amorphous Iron ◽  
Far North ◽  
Cemented Soil ◽  
North Shore ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Extractable Iron

Cemented subsoil horizons are observed in soils along the St. Lawrence North Shore, as far north as Esker. Cementation is mostly strongly developed at depths of 30–90 cm in freely drained soils of sand texture containing large amounts of amphibole minerals. The cemented horizons contain generally small quantities of extractable iron, aluminum and organic matter, though larger than their non-cemented counterparts. A slaking experiment indicates that amorphous iron and aluminum are the main cementing agents. Three hypotheses for the genesis of these cemented horizons are examined; it is proposed that iron and aluminum are released in the Ae horizon, translocated in a basically inorganic form, and precipitated in the B horizons as cementing agents. Study of a chronosequence of soils suggests that 5,000–6,000 yr are required for the formation of strong cementation. The new chemical criteria established for the Podzolic Order of the Canadian Classification System work well in these soils.

ESTIMATION OF THE INORGANIC AND ORGANIC pH-DEPENDENT CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF THE B HORIZONS OF PODZOLIC AND BRUNISOLIC SOILS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark ◽  
W. E. Nichol
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Hydrous Oxides ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wyoming Bentonite

Heating in hydrogen peroxide, dilute oxalic acid, and dilute aluminum oxalate did not change the effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) or the pH-7 CEC of Wyoming bentonite and Alberni clay soil containing excess Al(OH)x. This indicated that treatment of soils with H2O2 to oxidize organic matter and the possible production of oxalates during oxidation did not change the CEC values of the inorganic fraction of soils even if some clay exchange sites were blocked by hydrous oxides of Al.With soils of pH less than approximately 5.4, oxidation of organic matter did not change the effective CECs although the pH-7 CEC values were decreased. Thus, organic matter in acid soils appeared to have little or no effective CEC. Because of this and the negligible effect of H2O2 oxidation on the CEC values of clays, the difference of the pH-7 CEC of soils before and after H2O2 oxidation provided a simple means of estimating the amount of organic pH-dependent CEC in acid soils.The amount of organically derived pH-dependent CEC was determined in a number of soils by means of peroxide oxidation. The technique provided a useful indication of the quantities of sesquioxide–organic matter complexes accumulated in medium- and fine-textured soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic and Mineral Soil Fractions on Sorption Behaviour of Chlorophenol and Triazine Micropollutants

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Stipičević ◽  
Sanja Fingler ◽  
Vlasta Drevenkar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Mineral Surface ◽  
Sorption Behaviour ◽  
Soil Fractions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sorption Intensity

Effect of Organic and Mineral Soil Fractions on Sorption Behaviour of Chlorophenol and Triazine MicropollutantsThis article compares the sorption behaviour of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, chlorotriazine atrazine, methylthiotriazine ametryn, methoxytriazine atratone, hydroxyatrazine, and didelakylated atrazine in a topsoil and an aquifer sediment before and after removal of sorbent organic matter and in humic acid. Freundlich isotherm coefficients Kf and 1/n and free energy change (δG°) were calculated for all compounds in all sorbents. According to sorbent pH values, chlorophenolate anions and uncharged triazine species dominated in all sorption experiments with topsoil and aquifer sediment. In experiments with humic acid, chlorophenols, atrazine, and didealkylated atrazine existed almost completely as neutral species, whereas protonated species dominated for hydroxyatrazine, atratone, and ametryn. In addition to a hydrophobic partition, sorption of all compounds in native soil and sediment sorbents includes specific, more polar interactions, which greatly depend on sorbate acidity/basicity, specific properties of the sorbent organic matter and of mineral surface, as well as on the system pH. A significantly greater sorption intensity of all compounds in "organic-free" than in the native aquifer sediment confirmed the importance and possible dominance of mineral surface in the sorption process. Sorption intensity of chlorophenol and triazine compounds in humic acid was closely related to compound hydrophobicity. Greater sorption of almost completely protonated hydroxyatrazine than of the more hydropohobic but uncharged atrazine indicated different humic acid reaction sites for two compounds and consequently different sorption mechanisms.

A note on resolving soil cation exchange capacity into ‘mineral’ and ‘organic’ fractions

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Addiscott
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity

Two methods have been used previously to resolve the ‘mineral’ and ‘organic’ fractions of the cation exchange capacities of soils. Williams (1932) and Hallsworth & Wilkinson (1958) used multiple regression analysis to relate cation exchange capacity (CEC) in several soils to percentage organic matter (OM) and percentage clay, and thence to calculate the average values of the CECs of OM and clay. For individual soils, Davies & Davies (1965) and Clark & Nichol (1968) measured the CEC before and after oxidizing the OM with hydrogen peroxide.

scholarly journals Transformation of the montmorillonite structure and its adsorption properties due to the thermochemical treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-319
Author(s):  
V. V. Krupskaya ◽  
S. V. Zakusin ◽  
E. A. Tyupina ◽  
O. V. Dorzhieva ◽  
M. S. Chernov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Layer Composition

Complex studies revealed changes in the composition, structure, and properties of bentonite clays from the Taganskoye (Kazakhstan) and Dashkovskoe (Moscow region) deposits due to the thermochemical treatment. The leaching of cations from the interlayer and octahedral positions, protonation of the interlayer and OH-groups, leads to modification of the interlayer and 2:1 layer composition, which in turn contributes to significant changes in properties:-a decrease in the cation exchange capacity due to a decrease in the layer charge and increase in the specific surface due to destruction and partial amorphization. Bentonites from the Dashkovskoye deposit demonstrated higher resistance to thermochemical treatment than the bentonites from the Taganskoye deposit due to the protecting effect of the organic matter. Results of the work showed that even after quite intensive thermochemical treatment (13M HNO3, 90 °C, 5 hours), bentonite clays retain a significant part of the adsorption capacity.

Removal of organic matter by disodium peroxodisulphate: effects on mineral structure, chemical composition and physicochemical properties of some clay minerals

Clay Minerals ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Menegatti ◽  
G. L. Früh-Green ◽  
P. Stille
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Mechanical Dispersion ◽  
Mineral Structure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope Ratios

AbstractThe use of disodium peroxodisulphate combined with a neutral buffer is a new method for the efficient removal of organic matter from clay-bearing sediments. The effects of this oxidation procedure on mineral structure were investigated by treatment of different standard clay minerals (kaolinite ‘china clay’, illite ‘Le Puy’, montmorillonite SWy-1). The materials were characterized by means of XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM before and after leaching with disodium peroxodisulphate. Systematic experiments were conducted to determine the effects of leaching on the chemical and isotopic composition of oxygen, hydrogen and K-Ar in these samples. Effects on the physicochemical properties of the clays such as BET external surface area, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and expandability with ethylene glycol were also investigated. The results show that structure, chemical composition, oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios, as well as the K-Ar system remain unaffected by leaching with disodium peroxodisulphate. The CEC and expandability remain unchanged, whereas changes in BET area can be attributed to mechanical dispersion by ultrasonic treatment.

Organic matter and mineral distribution in an old-growth Acersaccharum forest near the northern limit of its range

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1332-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Base Soil

Two sites, both supporting old-growth Acersaccharum Marsh, dominated forest on rugged topography in central northern Ontario, were compared in terms of organic matter and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu content in the tree- and field-layer phytomass, the forest floor, and the mineral soil. One site was on a shallow, low-base, Precambrian-derived till, and the other was on a till of somewhat higher base status. Gross and net growth of the overstory tree layer were also determined. Total phytomass values for the two stands at the beginning of the study period were 245 000 and 210 000 kg•ha−1, respectively. Gross growth was largely offset by mortality in both stands, producing a rough equilibrium with regard to net increment. Growth before mortality was on the order of 2.4–2.5 m3•ha−1•year−1 in terms of gross total wood volume or 3700–3900 kg•ha−1•year−1 in terms of phytomass, and it was slightly greater in percent terms on the higher base site. In addition to that in the phytomass, organic matter in the forest floor and mineral soil to a depth of 1 m also contributed to the total organic matter content of 638 000–642 000 kg•ha−1 (equivalent to 34 8000–353 000 kg•ha−1 of C) on both sites and was distributed as follows: 29–34% in phytomass, 5% in the forest floor, and 61–66% in mineral soil. The order of abundance of elements in the phytomass was similar on both sites: Ca > N > K > Mg > S > Mn > P > Fe > Zn > Cu, with accumulation in the phytomass in rough proportion to occurrence in the soil. A more base-rich parent material would appear to be the origin of 1452 kg•ha−1 of Ca estimated to be in the phytomass and forest floor on the higher base soil, compared with 1250 kg•ha−1 in the phytomass and forest floor on the lower base soil.

The effect of Tordon 101 herbicide on soil organic matter balance

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Suffling ◽  
David W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Selective Toxicity ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Brush Control ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Forest clearance followed by brush control using Tordon 101 (a mixture of picloram and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), caused a decreased thickness of surface organic matter on power line rights-of-way in northern Ontario. The resultant exposure of mineral soil encourages recolonization by tree seedlings. Surface organic matter loss must therefore be controlled to avoid brush-control problems from seeded-in tree species. Erosion is unimportant in removing litter, but decreased net aerial primary production and hastened organic matter decay following spraying are crucial. Organic matter decomposition is increased because soil temperatures rise when the shading plant canopy is killed by the herbicide. The rise in soil temperature is insufficient, however, to entirely account for the hastened decomposition observed. A low-growing, herbicide-resistant, shade-producing, decay-resistant plant canopy is the ideal as a natural or artificial cover crop for transmission corridors. We conclude that Tordon's capacity to push succession back to an early stage is not related solely to its selective toxicity but also to changes in community metabolism.

Characterisation of production of organic rich topsoil from sludge

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Andreasen ◽  
P. B. Mortensen ◽  
A. Stubsgaard ◽  
B. Langdahl
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Water Suspension ◽  
Aerobic Process ◽  
Stable Product

The stabilisation of a sludge-mineral soil mixture and a method to evaluate the state of stabilisation were investigated. The organic matter and nitrogen content are reduced up to 50% during a stabilisation process of three months under Danish climatic conditions. The stabilisation was shown to be an aerobic process limited by oxygen transport within the mixture. The degree of stabilisation was evaluated by oxygen consumption in a water suspension and the results showed that a stable product was achieved when oxygen consumption was stable and in the level of natural occurring aerobic soils (0.1 mgO2/(g DS*hr). The study thereby demonstrates that a stability of a growth media can be controlled by the oxygen consumption method tested.

Environmental relevance of adsorption of doxycycline, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethoxypyridazine before and after the removal of organic matter from soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 112354
Author(s):  
C. Alvarez-Esmorís ◽  
M. Conde-Cid ◽  
M.J. Fernández-Sanjurjo ◽  
A. Núñez-Delgado ◽  
E. Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Environmental Relevance
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