FIXATION AND RELEASE OF Cs-137 IN SOILS AND SOIL SEPARATES

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Evans ◽  
A. J. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Difference

In a series of experiments designed to describe Cs fixation and release by soils and sou separates, considerable Cs-137 was found to be fixed by the sand fractions of agricultural soils. The amount fixed by the sand exceeded that fixed by the clay m calcium-saturated samples taken from Podzolic soils. Cesium fixed when added as CsCl in macroconcentrations (5 meq per 100-g sample) was greater in the clay fractions than the sand fractions for all soils. These findings support the findings of others that there is more than one site for CS fixation depending on the concentration. Considerable Cs-137 was released by soil separates when shaken in the presence of H-resin. The amount released by the sand fraction was substantially greater than that released by the clay fraction for two of the three soils investigated. The fixation of Cs-137 was found to be approximately proportional to applied dose over a large range of carrier-free Cs-137 concentrations. The amount fixed by soils of alkaline pH was higher than that fixed by samples from Podzolic soils at all concentrations. When the soils were calcium-saturated after the removal of the colloidal sesquioxides by oxalate extractions, the difference between the fixation of Cs-137 by acid and alkaline soils was greatly decreased. This suggests strongly that these colloidal coatings blocked Cs-137 fixation by Podzolic soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Granulometric Composition of the Soil on the Occurrence of Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Karolina Konieczna ◽  
Zbigniew W. Czerniakowski ◽  
Małgorzata Szostek
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Nicrophorus Vespilloides ◽  
Carrion Beetle ◽  
Carrion Beetles

The entomological material was collected in the years 2009–2012 and 2014 from 13 different habitat types from three localities in south-eastern Poland. In total, 11,095 Silphidae were collected. This study examined whether the percentage of individual soil granulometric fractions was significantly related to the total abundance of collected Silphidae and individual carrion beetle species. A positive correlation and a statistically significant correlation were found between the total number of specimens collected and the share of the mechanical fraction with a diameter of 0.05–0.002 mm (silt fraction). In three species, a statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the number of collected Silphidae and the share of the mechanical fraction with a diameter of 2–0.05 mm (sand fraction). The two species Phosphuga atrata atrata and Nicrophorus vespilloides the correlation was positive. A statistically significant relationship was also observed for Thanatophilus sinuatus, but the correlation was negative. With regard to the mechanical fraction with a diameter <0.002 mm (clay fraction), a statistically significant relationship was demonstrated for Oiceoptoma thoracicum and for Nicrophorus vespilloides for which the correlation was negative. However, a positive correlation was found for T. sinuatus in this case.

Carbon stocks in Tasmanian soils

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cotching
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
If Current ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
The Difference

Soil carbon (C) stocks were calculated for Tasmanian soil orders to 0.3 and 1.0 m depth from existing datasets. Tasmanian soils have C stocks of 49–117 Mg C/ha in the upper 0.3 m, with Ferrosols having the largest soil C stocks. Mean soil C stocks in agricultural soils were significantly lower under intensive cropping than under irrigated pasture. The range in soil C within soil orders indicates that it is critical to determine initial soil C stocks at individual sites and farms for C accounting and trading purposes, because the initial soil C content will determine if current or changed management practices are likely to result in soil C sequestration or emission. The distribution of C within the profile was significantly different between agricultural and forested land, with agricultural soils having two-thirds of their soil C in the upper 0.3 m, compared with half for forested soils. The difference in this proportion between agricultural and forested land was largest in Dermosols (0.72 v. 0.47). The total amount of soil C in a soil to 1.0 m depth may not change with a change in land use, but the distribution can and any change in soil C deeper in the profile might affect how soil C can be managed for sequestration. Tasmanian soil C stocks are significantly greater than those in mainland states of Australia, reflecting the lower mean annual temperature and higher precipitation in Tasmania, which result in less oxidation of soil organic matter.

Polyamine-mediated regulation of mouse ornithine decarboxylase is posttranslational

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 5484-5490
Author(s):  
T van Daalen Wetters ◽  
M Macrae ◽  
M Brabant ◽  
A Sittler ◽  
P Coffino
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Pulse Label ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Difference

The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is negatively regulated by intracellular polyamines, which thereby mediate a form of feedback inhibition of the initial enzyme in the pathway of their synthesis. This phenomenon has been believed to result, at least in part, from translational regulation. To investigate this further, we performed four series of experiments. First, we found that a chimeric protein encoded by an mRNA containing the ODC 5' leader sequence did not exhibit polyamine-dependent regulation. Second, we showed that transcripts containing the protein-coding sequence of ODC, but no other ODC-derived sequence information, exhibited regulation. Third, we found that the association of ODC mRNA with ribosomes was not altered when intracellular polyamine levels were modulated under conditions previously deemed to cause translational regulation. Last, we carried out experiments to measure the incorporation of [35S]methionine into ODC in polyamine-starved and polyamine-replete cells. Differential incorporation diminished progressively as pulse-label times were shortened; at the shortest labeling time used (4 min), the difference in favor of ODC in polyamine-starved cells was less than twofold. These findings suggest that it is necessary to reevaluate the question of whether polyamines cause alterations of translation of ODC mRNA.

scholarly journals POSITIONING IMAGES OF SEGMENTED OBJECTS BASED ON QT CROSS-PLATFORM ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
M. E. Golovkin
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Factor ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Image Scaling ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Scaling Methods ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Object Features ◽  
Minimum Ratio

The article provides information about the program developed on the basis of the Qt environment, which allows positioning the original image of an object within the field of attention in order to simplify the procedure for generating object features that are invariant to shift, change scale, and rotate its image. Provides an overview of modern methods and software tools for scaling images. The algorithm of the program and a series of computational experiments is described. During the first series, the program positions the image of a triangle within the field of attention using various scaling methods. According to the results of this series, it was concluded which method of scaling an image of an object gives the least loss of quality. In other series of experiments, the program centers and scales the images of a square and a circle inside the attention field with different sizes of the attention field (selection frame) corresponding to a single image scaling factor. Following the results of each series of xperiments, measurements of the sizes of positioned objects were carried out and the dependence of the ratio of their areas on the scaling factor was established. The difference between the maximum and minimum ratio of the coefficients for each series of experiments is calculated. On the basis of the data obtained, it was concluded that for further work with segmented objects of the scene and their positioning in the field of attention, the size of the selection frame of 256x256 pixels can be considered reference.

Comparison of two noninvasive techniques for estimating cardiac output during exercise

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Hatcher ◽  
O. D. Srb
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Impedance Plethysmography ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Noninvasive Techniques ◽  
Transthoracic Impedance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male Subjects

This study presents the comparison of two different noninvasive techniques for the estimation of cardiac output (Q). The two techniques used were transthoracic impedance plethysmography (Z) and the indirect Fick CO2 rebreathing (RB) method. Paired estimates of Q were made on 60 different male subjects at rest and during graded increments of work on a cycle ergometer. The mean resting Q as measured by the Z technique (COZ) was 7.46 +/- 0.35 and 5.96 +/- 0.43 l/min using the RB (CORB) technique. At 200 W the mean COZ was 18.67 +/- 0.72 l/min and the CORB was 23.73 +/- 0.84 l/min. Both the techniques were linearly correlated (R) with O2 consumption; i.e., RZ = 0.752, RRB = 0.855. The difference between these two R values is statistically significant (P less than 0.001). A linear relationship was found between the Z and RB techniques at all work loads (R = 0.75). This study suggests that both techniques are equally as reliable over a large range of work loads, with the Z technique being the simplest and most efficient to implement. It was also found that lung volume had no effect on the calculated COZ.

scholarly journals Polyamine-mediated regulation of mouse ornithine decarboxylase is posttranslational.

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 5484-5490 ◽  
Author(s):  
T van Daalen Wetters ◽  
M Macrae ◽  
M Brabant ◽  
A Sittler ◽  
P Coffino
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Pulse Label ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Difference

The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is negatively regulated by intracellular polyamines, which thereby mediate a form of feedback inhibition of the initial enzyme in the pathway of their synthesis. This phenomenon has been believed to result, at least in part, from translational regulation. To investigate this further, we performed four series of experiments. First, we found that a chimeric protein encoded by an mRNA containing the ODC 5' leader sequence did not exhibit polyamine-dependent regulation. Second, we showed that transcripts containing the protein-coding sequence of ODC, but no other ODC-derived sequence information, exhibited regulation. Third, we found that the association of ODC mRNA with ribosomes was not altered when intracellular polyamine levels were modulated under conditions previously deemed to cause translational regulation. Last, we carried out experiments to measure the incorporation of [35S]methionine into ODC in polyamine-starved and polyamine-replete cells. Differential incorporation diminished progressively as pulse-label times were shortened; at the shortest labeling time used (4 min), the difference in favor of ODC in polyamine-starved cells was less than twofold. These findings suggest that it is necessary to reevaluate the question of whether polyamines cause alterations of translation of ODC mRNA.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of particle size fractions of an Oxisol cultivated with conilon coffee

Revista CERES ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julião Soares de Souza Lima ◽  
Rone Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Samuel de Assis Silva
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference

Information on the spatial distribution of particle size fractions is essential for use planning and management of soils. The aim of this work to was to study the spatial variability of particle size fractions of a Typic Hapludox cultivated with conilon coffee. The soil samples were collected at depths of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m in the coffee canopy projection, totaling 109 georeferentiated points. At the depth of 0.2-0.4 m the clay fraction showed average value significantly higher, while the sand fraction showed was higher in the depth of 0-0.20 m. The silt showed no significant difference between the two depths. The particle size fractions showed medium and high spatial variability. The levels of total sand and clay have positive and negative correlation, respectively, with the altitude of the sampling points, indicating the influence of landscape configuration.

EFFECTS OF VARIOUS CHEMICAL AND COLD-HARDENING TREATMENTS ON RESISTANCE OF SUGAR BEET SEEDLINGS TO FREEZING

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
William G. Corns
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Chemically Treated ◽  
Free Acid Form ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Low Temperature Resistance

Either the free acid form or the sodium salt of Dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) and of TCA (trichloroacetic acid) and the sodium salt of 2,2,3-trichloropropionic acid (free acid not tested) were effective in improving the low temperature resistance of sugar beet seedlings grown in 4- and 8-p.p.m. solutions in the dark at 21 °C., and evaluated by short exposures to −10 °C. Isopropy-N(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate, amino triazole, sodium chloride, and trichlorobenzoic acid were ineffective in similar tests. In a series of experiments involving periodic sampling and freezing of Dalapon-treated illuminated sugar beet seedlings during a 24 day period of storage at 6 °C., the chemically treated plants were again superior to the comparable controls. The "cold-hardening" treatments tended to increase the magnitude of the difference between chemically treated and control plants. The amount of improvement was more variable in the tests with green plants than with those grown in the dark.

Phosphorus Kinetics in Lake Water: Influence of Membrane Filter Pore Size and Low-Pressure Filtration

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2800-2804 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. S. Lean
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Pressure Filtration ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Algae And Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

Radiotracer kinetics using carrier-free 32P-PO4 were conducted on samples of water from Heart Lake, Ontario. Results obtained using 0.45-μm membrane filters were compared with those for 0.1 μm at vacuums of 400 mm Hg and to those for 0.45-μm filters using very low-pressure (4 mm Hg) filtration. The difference between 0.45 and 0.1 can reach 8–20% of the total radioactivity during the first 10 min of the experiment. After 60 min the fraction removed by 0.1, but not 0.45-μm filters, declines to only 1% of the total radioactivity, but this may represent as much as 50% of that which goes through 0.45 μm. The low-pressure filtration techniques provided similar results to those for normal filtration when kinetics were monophasic. Later in the season, the low-pressure method was shown to provide confusing artifacts that were explained by the hypothesis that tiny filaments extend from the surfaces of some species of aquatic algae and bacteria and are often dislodged during filtration.

Soil zinc and its uptake by plants. I. Isotopic exchange equilibria and the application of tracer techniques. II. Soil chemistry in relation to prediction of availability

Soil Research ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
KG Tiller ◽  
JL Honeysett ◽  
Vries MPC De
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Exchange ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Soil Groups

Isotopic exchange studies were applied to the laboratory and glasshouse measurement of labile zinc in 25 soils from nine Great Soil Groups. The laboratory equilibration procedures worked well with acidic and most near neutral soils, but may overestimate labile zinc values for the lateritic podzolic soils. The values for some acidic soils were also compromised because of lack of isotopic equilibrium. The laboratory method gave erratic and unrealistic data when applied to alkaline soils due to fixation of the added zinc. The procedures based on the specific activity of zinc absorbed by plants from soils equilibrated with carrier-free 65Zn gave reproducible values of the total amount of plant available zinc for all soils. These values agree well with the corresponding laboratory data for acidic soils. Furthermore, the specific activity data showed that magnesium chloride and EDTA extractions had equilibrated with the same chemical form or forms of zinc as that absorbed by the plants.

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