THE EVALUATION OF THE RESIDUAL EFFECT OF FERTILIZER IN LONG-TERM FERTILITY PLOTS: II. PHOSPHORUS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Total Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
The Relationship

Long-term annual applications of fertilizer phosphorus to an acid sandy loam podzol resulted in marked increases in total phosphorus content of the surface soil. However, downward movement was limited as no increase occurred below 9 in. The relationship between total phosphorus content of the profile and sodium bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus (r = 0.93) was significant at the 1% level. Phosphate retention capacity of the surface soil was not influenced by fertilizer or manurial treatment and increases in percentage phosphorus saturation were relatively small.Under conditions of intensive cropping in the greenhouse (12 crops), residual phosphorus was highly effective in supplying crop requirements. However, the results suggest that fertilizer phosphorus may be beneficial during the establishment period. The relationship between phosphorus uptake on the no P series in the greenhouse and levels of sodium bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus (r = 0.88) is further evidence of the value of this method in estimating phosphorus availability in soils.

Acid phosphatase activity of intact roots and phosphorus nutrition in plants. III. Its relation to phosphorus garnering by wheat and a comparison with leaf activity as a measure of phosphorus status

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan ◽  
DGde Marco
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Total Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Status

Eight wheat cultivars, selected on the basis of their root phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.4.1) activities to provide a range of phosphorus garnering abilities, experienced difficulty in taking up phosphorus from a nutrient solution containing 1 �M phosphorus, a level frequently found in the soil solution. Under the experimental conditions, total phosphorus uptake by the plants was not affected by root weight, length or fineness, nor by early plant vigour as indicated by relative leaf expansion rates during the first 3 days. With this low phosphorus source, standard root phosphatase activity was not related to phosphorus uptake but was related to total phosphorus content of the plants (r = -0.736; P < 0.01). When root phosphatase activity and total phosphorus content were determined on the same plants, the correlation was improved (r = -0.914; P < 0.001), which suggests that root phosphatase activity is a good indicator of the present phosphorus status of a plant. This suggestion was tested further by determining leaf and root phosphatase on wheat plants which were responding in yield and in phosphorus uptake to four levels of phosphorus supply. In actively growing plants, leaf phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.4.1) activity was better related to total phosphorus uptake (r = -0.963; P < 0.001) than was root phosphatase activity. At a second stage, where yields continued to increase but there was little change in the phosphorus content of the plant other than in its redistribution between component parts, root phosphatase was better related to total phosphorus uptake (r = -0.910; P < 0.001). Nevertheless leaf phosphatase activity was still significantly related to total phosphorus uptake (r = -0.853; P < 0.001), and could prove to be a useful measure of the phosphorus status of the growing plant. In all cases total phosphorus content and total yield were positively related (r = +0.94; P < 0.001).

scholarly journals Total phosphorus content of Neomysis integer

1967 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tundisi ◽  
S. Krishnaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Neomysis Integer ◽  
Total Phosphorus Content

Measurements of total phosphorus in Neomysis integer, showed an inverse relationship between the total phosphorus content and body weight (wet). Immature forms, presented higher content of phosphorus. Some possible implications of these results are discussed.

Poorly soluble, iron-aluminium phosphates in ammonium phosphate fertilizers: Their nature and availability to plants

Soil Research ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Gilkes ◽  
P Mangano
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Total Phosphorus Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Residual Effectiveness

Both monoammonium and diammonium phosphate fertilizers contain various (Ca,Mg)(NH4)- (Fe,Al)(PO4)(F,OH)H2O compounds that are insoluble in water and comprise 4.9-9.9% of the total phosphorus content of the fertilizers. The compounds have been isolated and characterized by chemical, X-ray powder diffraction, ix., and thermogravimetric techniques. The compounds are only 35-60% as effective as monocalcium phosphate (MCP) in supplying phosphorus to wheat grown under glasshouse conditions. The residual effectiveness of the compounds for a second crop of wheat was generally lower (10-20% relative to freshly applied MCP) than the residual value of MCP (20 %).

A LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT WITH COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND MANURE: I. Fertility levels and crop yields in a rotation of swedes, oats and hay

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLeod ◽  
R. F. Bishop ◽  
L. P. Jackson ◽  
C. R. MacEachern ◽  
E. T. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Term Field

In a field experiment, conducted from 1936 to 1957, a rotation of swedes, oats and hay was followed and treatments included commercial fertilizers and manure.Changes in the chemical composition of the soil during the experiment included significant decreases in soil organic matter, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity. In no case was the initial content of exchangeable potassium maintained and although changes in adsorbed and easily acid-soluble phosphorus were negligible with a number of treatments only one resulted in a significant increase.The treatments were applied in the swede year and yield differences with this crop were greater than for either the oats or hay. Data for the latter two crops indicated that with most of the treatments there was a tendency for yields to decline as the experiment progressed. This was not the case with swedes where variation in yields with rotation cycles was greater than it was in the case of oats or hay. There was a considerable residual effect from manure, and phosphorus had a greater effect on yields than either nitrogen or potassium.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Phosphorus in Certifiable Straight Color Additives: Collaborative Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-813
Author(s):  
Wallace S Brammell ◽  
◽  
C Arozarena ◽  
J Hunter ◽  
H G Kiernan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Phosphorus Content ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Molybdovanadophosphoric Acid ◽  
Acid Reagent

Abstract A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method was developed for determining the total phosphorus content of certifiable straight color additives. The dye sample is mixed with a cellulose powder and MgO mixture, and ashed at 500°C in a small Pyrex beaker in a muffle furnace. The ash is dissolved in vanadomolybdic acid reagent and filtered through glass wool, and the absorbance of the resulting yellow molybdovanadophosphoric acid solution is measured at 400 nm. The total phosphorus content of the sample, expressed as percent Na3PO4, is determined from a standard curve. Recovery of phosphorus added as KH2PO4 to 39 different dyes in amounts equivalent to 0.300% Na3PO4 ranged from 95.3 to 106.8%, averaging 100.6%. In the collaborative study, 7 laboratories successfully performed duplicate analyses of 6 different dyes (D&C Orange No. 5, D&C Yellow No. 8, FD&C Blue No. 2, FD&C Red No. 3, FD&C Red No. 40, and FD&C Green No. 3). The mean values found ranged from 0.325 to 6.86% Na3PO4. In general, the accuracy and reproducibility of the method were satisfactory, with single determination coefficients of variation ranging from 3.76 to 9.60%. The method was adopted official first action.

scholarly journals Agro-Environmental Benefit and Risk of Manure- and Bone Meal-Derived Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials as Soil Amendments: Availability of PAHs, PTEs, and P

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Frišták ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Gerhard Soja ◽  
Alena Klokočíková Packová ◽  
Michal Hubeňák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Total Phosphorus Content ◽  
Us Epa

The worldwide boom of biochar and pyrogenic carbonaceous material application as a potential soil additive has brought about not only agricultural benefits such as enhanced crop yield, nutrients supply (P), and soil organic carbon increase, but also, on the other hand, environmental risk of organic (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) and potentially toxic element (PTE) penetration into arable soils. Therefore, our study assessed pyrogenic carbonaceous materials (PCM) produced from the P-rich feedstocks—chicken manure (CM) and bone meal (BM)—as promising and safe alternatives for inorganic P fertilizers. Pyrogenic materials produced in the process of slow pyrolysis at residence time 2 h, 400 and 500 °C, were characterized by determination of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), elemental analysis of total C, H, N, S scanning electron microscopy (SEM), total content of P, selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs), and available forms of PTEs and P by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL) extractions. CMPCM4, CMPCM5, BMPCM4, and BMPCM5 were characterized by determination of total 16 US-EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) PAHs by toluene extraction protocol and available concentrations by Tenax resin approach. Additionally, CMPCM4, CMPCM4, BMPCM4, and BMPCM5 were tested in earthworm avoidance test with Eisenia foetita and short-term rye-seedling germination test. Obtained results showed decreasing of total carbon in the order of BM > BMPCM4 > BMPCM5 and increasing in the order of CM < CMPCM4 < CMPCM5. Total phosphorus content increased from 56.8 ± 1.7 g kg−1 (BM) to 85.2 ± 4.2 g kg−1 (BMPCM4) to 110.5 ± 7.0 g kg−1 (BMPCM5). In the case of chicken manure-derived pyrogenic materials, total phosphorus content increased in the order of CM (22.9 ± 2.0 g kg−1) < CMPCM4 (37.0 ± 4.5 g kg−1) < CMPCM5 (40.0 ± 3.4 g kg−1). Availability of selected PTEs and P decreased in pyrogenic materials compared to feedstock. Total concentration of ∑16-US-EPA PAHs in BMPCM4 and BMPCM5 was 3.92 mg kg−1; CMPCM4, 7.33 mg kg−1; and CMPCM, 6.69 mg kg−1. The Tenax-available ∑16-PAHs showed concentrations of 0.53 mg kg−1 for BMPCM4, 0.26 mg kg−1 for BMPCM5, 1.13 mg kg−1 for CMPCM4, and 0.35 mg kg−1 for CMPCM5. Total P concentrations determined in rye aboveground tissues showed the highest accumulation ability in the case of CMPCM5 compared to other samples. Pyrogenic carbonaceous materials produced from chicken manure and bone meal at 400 and 500 °C have the potential to be P slow release fertilizers and may be ecologically safe.

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