A LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT WITH COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND MANURE: I. Fertility levels and crop yields in a rotation of swedes, oats and hay

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLeod ◽  
R. F. Bishop ◽  
L. P. Jackson ◽  
C. R. MacEachern ◽  
E. T. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Term Field

In a field experiment, conducted from 1936 to 1957, a rotation of swedes, oats and hay was followed and treatments included commercial fertilizers and manure.Changes in the chemical composition of the soil during the experiment included significant decreases in soil organic matter, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity. In no case was the initial content of exchangeable potassium maintained and although changes in adsorbed and easily acid-soluble phosphorus were negligible with a number of treatments only one resulted in a significant increase.The treatments were applied in the swede year and yield differences with this crop were greater than for either the oats or hay. Data for the latter two crops indicated that with most of the treatments there was a tendency for yields to decline as the experiment progressed. This was not the case with swedes where variation in yields with rotation cycles was greater than it was in the case of oats or hay. There was a considerable residual effect from manure, and phosphorus had a greater effect on yields than either nitrogen or potassium.

scholarly journals Short-lived effects of walnut shell biochar on soils and crop yields in a long-term field experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre E. Griffin ◽  
Daoyuan Wang ◽  
Sanjai J. Parikh ◽  
Kate M. Scow
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Term Field

scholarly journals THE EVALUATION OF THE RESIDUAL EFFECT OF FERTILIZER IN LONG-TERM FERTILITY PLOTS: I. POTASSIUM

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. MacLean ◽  
J. J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Intensive Cropping

Residual effects of long-term annual applications of fertilizer potassium on the potassium status of an acid sandy loam Podzol were investigated, in a greenhouse experiment. Potassium accumulated in the surface soil in a form readily available to plants.On plots with higher cation exchange capacities, resulting from manurial treatments, there was no evidence to indicate leaching below 15 inches. On plots where cation exchange capacity was not increased by treatment, a higher percentage potassium saturation at greater depths indicates that leaching of potassium had occurred to a depth of 21 inches. An increased concentration of nitric acid-soluble potassium at greater depths suggests that some of the leached potassium has been converted to the non-exchangeable form.Accumulation in the surface soil was sufficient to supply most of the potassium requirement of ladino clover under conditions of intensive cropping. The results suggest that exchangeable and nitric acid-soluble potassium are reliable criteria of available potassium.

Correction of Acid Infertility in Rwandan Oxisols with Lime from an Indigenous Source for Sustainable Cropping

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Yamoah ◽  
J. R. Burleigh ◽  
V. J. Eylands
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Simple Regression

SUMMARYSustainable crop production on Rwandan oxisols is limited by widespread soil acidity caused by high levels of exchangeable aluminium. This study was designed to test the effectiveness of an indigenous lime material in counteracting the acidity and enhancing crop yields. Lime application significantly raised pH, exchangeable calcium and effective cation exchange capacity, and reduced exchangeable aluminium and total acidity. Calcium was directly proportional to effective cation exchange capacity (r = 0.962**) and was inversely related to aluminium (r = −0.955**). Consequently, yields of wheat, beans and potatoes, which served as test crops, were significantly increased by liming. Lime at high rates (4–8 t ha−1) had a longer residual effect than at low rates (less than 2 t ha−1), suggesting frequent applications are needed when low lime rates are used. Simple regression analysis showed an increase in pH of 0.154 units and a decrease in exchangeable aluminium of 0.385 meq 100 g−1 for a tonne of lime applied.

A LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT WITH COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND MANURE.: II. FERTILITY LEVELS AND CROP YIELDS IN A ROTATION OF POTATOES, OATS AND HAY

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Bishop ◽  
L. B. MacLeod ◽  
L. P. Jackson ◽  
C. R. MacEachern ◽  
E. T. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Trends ◽  
Term Field

Treatments in a field experiment, conducted from 1936 to 1957, included commercial fertilizers and manure. A rotation of potatoes, oats and hay was followed.Application of manure at 30 tons per acre every third year practically maintained initial levels of total nitrogen and soil organic matter. Marked decreases occurred with lower rates of manure and various commercial fertilizers applied at 1 ton per acre. Increases and decreases in adsorbed and easily acid-soluble phosphorus were directly related to the amounts of phosphatic fertilizer applied. Although the situation with respect to exchangeable potassium was not comparable there was some evidence that final values were influenced by the amounts of potassium applied.All treatments were applied for potatoes, and yield differences were much greater for this crop than for either oats or hay. Rate of fertilizer application was of primary importance for potatoes, and residual effects on the oat and hay crops from 500 or 1000 pounds of commercial fertilizer per acre were generally slight. They were much more marked from manure and where commercial fertilizer was applied at a ton per acre. Irrespective of the treatment applied, linear regression coefficients, showing yield trends with advancing rotation cycles, were positive for potatoes and negative for hay. In the case of oats they were generally negative for the lowest rates of fertilizer used and positive for the highest.

Exploring the Vis-NIR wavelength importance in SOC models under field and lab conditions in a long-term field experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Reyes ◽  
Mareike Ließ
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Preprocessing Technique ◽  
Term Field

<p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) is of particular interest in the study of agricultural systems as an indicator of soil quality and soil fertility. In the use of Vis-NIR spectroscopy for SOC detection, the interpretation of the spectral response with regards to the importance of individual wavelengths is challenging due to the soil’s composition of multiple organic and minerals compounds. Under field conditions, additional aspects affect the spectral data compared to lab conditions. This study compared the spectral wavelength importance in partial least square regression (PLSR) models for SOC between field and lab conditions. Surface soil samples were obtained from a long-term field experiment (LTE) with high SOC variability located in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Data sets of Vis-NIR spectra were acquired in the lab and field using two spectrometers, respectively. Four different preprocessing methods were applied before building the models. Wavelength importance was observed using variable importance in projection. Differences in wavelength importance were observed depending on the measurement device, measurement condition, and preprocessing technique, although pattern matches were identifiable, especially in the NIR range. It is these pattern matches that aid model interpretation to effectively determine SOC under field conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Residual effect of sewage sludge fertilization on sunflower yield and nutrition

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1005-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann C. de Albuquerque ◽  
Geraldo R. Zuba Junio ◽  
Regynaldo A. Sampaio ◽  
Luiz A. Fernandes ◽  
Fabiano B. S. Prates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Potential Acidity

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the residual effect of sewage sludge fertilization on yield and nutrition of sunflower in its second cycle. The experiment was carried out from April to August 2012. The treatments consisted of four doses of sewage sludge (0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha-1, dry basis) applied in the first cycle of sunflower, distributed in a randomized block design, with six replicates. Sunflower stem diameter, plant height, capitulum diameter and yield increased with the increment in sewage sludge doses, with maximum values observed with the dose of 30 t ha-1. The contents of calcium and magnesium in the soil, pH, sum of bases, effective and potential cation exchange capacity and base saturation increased, while potential acidity and the contents of manganese and iron in the leaves decreased, with the increment in the residual doses of sewage sludge. There was a reduction in yield and growth characteristics of sunflower in the second cycle; thus, additional fertilization with sewage sludge is recommended in each new cycle.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term mineral fertilization on metal contents and properties of soil samples taken from different locations in Hesse, Germany

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Czarnecki ◽  
R.-A. Düring
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Metal Contents

Abstract. Essential and non-essential metals occur in soils as a result of weathering, industrial processes, fertilization, and atmospheric deposition. Badly adapted cultivation of agricultural soils (declining pH value, application of unsuitable fertilizers) can enhance the mobility of metals and thereby increase their concentrations in agricultural products. As the enrichment of metals in soils occurs over long time periods, monitoring of the long-term impact of fertilization is necessary to assess metal accumulation in agricultural soils. The main objective of this study was to test the effects of different mineral fertilizer variations on soil properties (pH, Corg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) and pseudo-total and mobile metal contents of soils after 14 years of fertilizer application and to determine residual effects of the fertilization 8 years after cessation of fertilizer treatment. Soil samples were taken from a field experiment which was carried out at four different locations (210, 260, 360, and 620 m above sea level) in Hesse, Germany. During the study, a significant decrease in soil pH and an evident increase in soil carbon content and cation exchange capacity with fertilization were determined. The CEC of the soils was closely related to their organic C contents. Moreover, pseudo- and mobile metal (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) contents in the soils increased due to application of 14 years of mineral fertilizer treatments (N, P, NP, and NPK) when compared to control plots. Eight years after termination of the fertilization in the soil samples taken from soil profiles of the fertilized plots (NPK) for monitoring the residual effects of the fertilizer application, a decrease of 82.6, 54.2, 48.5, 74.4, and 56.9% in pseudo-total Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn contents, respectively, was determined.

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