SOME CHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE IN A FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS BAND FOR SUGAR BEETS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Miller ◽  
V. N. Vij
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

The influence of (NH4)2SO4 on the movement of phosphorus away from a fertilizer pellet and the water solubility of the reaction products was determined at 3-, 6-, 8- and 10-week periods and the total amount of water-soluble fertilizer phosphorus in the volume of soil influenced by the fertilizer was calculated. Simultaneously, the influence of (NH4)2SO4 on growth of sugar beet tops and roots in the band vicinity and on absorption of fertilizer phosphorus was determined. The amount of fertilizer phosphorus in sugar beet tops was expressed as a function of top weight, root weight in the band volume and water-soluble fertilizer phosphorus in the volume of soil influenced by the fertilizer.Ammonium sulphate decreased the water-soluble fertilizer phosphorus remaining at the pellet site, increased the distance of movement of the phosphorus but decreased the total water-soluble fertilizer phosphorus in the band volume. The oven-dry weight of sugar beet tops was not influenced by (NH4)2SO4 but the oven-dry weight of roots in the band volume and the fertilizer phosphorus content of the tops were doubled at the 8- and 10-week periods by the addition of (NH4)2SO4. The multiple regression analysis showed that the increased root weight accounted for 71 and 87 per cent of the variability in the fertilizer phosphorus absorption at the 6- and 8-week periods respectively.

Saflufenacil Carryover Injury Varies among Rotational Crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Kristen E. McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sugar Beet Plant ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Weight Yield

Trials were established in 2007, 2008, and 2009 in Ontario, Canada, to determine the effect of soil residues of saflufenacil on growth, yield, and quality of eight rotational crops planted 1 yr after application. In the year of establishment, saflufenacil was applied PRE to field corn at rates of 75, 100, and 200 g ai ha−1. Cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, pea, pepper, potato, and sugar beet were planted 1 yr later, maintained weed-free, and plant dry weight, yield, and quality measures of interest to processors for each crop were determined. Reductions in dry weight and yield of all grades of cucumber were determined at both the 100 and 200 g ha−1rates of saflufenacil. Plant dry weight, bulb number, and size and yield of onion were also reduced by saflufenacil at 100 and 200 g ha−1. Sugar beet plant dry weight and yield, but not sucrose content, were decreased by saflufenacil at 100 and 200 g ha−1. Cabbage plant dry weight, head size, and yield; carrot root weight and yield; and pepper dry weight, fruit number and size, and yield were only reduced in those treatments in which twice the field corn rate had been applied to simulate the effect of spray overlap in the previous year. Pea and potato were not negatively impacted by applications of saflufenacil in the year prior to planting. It is recommended that cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, pepper, and sugar beet not be planted the year after saflufenacil application at rates up to 200 g ha−1. Pea and potato can be safely planted the year following application of saflufenacil up to rates of 200 g ha−1.

scholarly journals Specificity of TAS-ELISA for Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus and Its Application for Determining Rhizomania Resistance in Field-Grown Sugar Beets

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 864-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Wisler ◽  
R. T. Lewellen ◽  
J. L. Sears ◽  
H.-Y. Liu ◽  
J. E. Duffus
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Rhizomania Resistance

Levels of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), as measured by triple-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA), were compared with biological evaluations in representative commercial and experimental sugar beet cultivars developed for production in the United States and ranging in their reactions to rhizomania from uniformly susceptible to highly resistant. TAS-ELISA was specific for BNYVV and did not react with related soilborne sugar beet viruses. Differences in absorbance (A405nm) values measured in eight cultivars closely correlated with the dosage and frequency of the Rz allele, which conditions resistance to BNYVV. A diploid (Rzrz) hybrid had a significantly lower absorbance value (less virus) than a similar triploid (Rzrzrz) hybrid. Cultivars that segregated (Rzrz:rzrz) had higher absorbance values than uniformly resistant (Rzrz) hybrids, as was expected. For all cultivars, absorbance values decreased as the season progressed. Absorbance value was significantly positively correlated with rhizomania disease index score and negatively correlated with individual root weight, plot root weight, and sugar yield. This information should be useful in resistance-breeding and -evaluation programs and in the sugar industry when considering cultivar choice, inoculum production, and future crop rotations.

scholarly journals Growth of Poinsettias, Nutrient Leaching, and Water-use Efficiency Respond to Irrigation Methods

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 858-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dole ◽  
Janet C. Cole ◽  
Sharon L. von Broembsen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
The Media ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Ebb And Flow

`Gutbier V-14 Glory' poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex. Klotzsch) grown with ebb-and-flow irrigation used the least amount of water and produced the least runoff, and plants grown with capillary mats used the greatest amount of water and produced the most runoff, compared to microtube and hand-watering systems. The maximum amount of water retained by the pots and media was greatest for the microtube and ebb-and-flow systems and became progressively lower for the hand-watering and capillary mat systems. The media and leachate electrical conductivity from plants grown with subirrigation systems was higher than those grown with top irrigation. For the two top-irrigation systems (microtube and hand-watering), plants grown with 250 mg N/liter from a 20N-4.4P-16.6K water-soluble fertilizer had greater leaf, stem, and total dry weights than those grown with 175 mg N/liter. The two subirrigation systems (ebb-and-flow and capillary mat) produced plants that were taller and had greater leaf, stem, and total dry weights when grown with 175 than with 250 mg N/liter. The higher fertilizer concentration led to increased N, P, Fe, and Mn concentration in the foliage. Nitrogen concentration was higher in top-irrigated plants than in subirrigated plants. The ebb-and-flow system produced the greatest total dry weight per liter of water applied and per liter of runoff; capillary mat watering was the least efficient in regard to water applied and runoff.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization on Growth and Flowering of Scaevola aemula R. Br. `New Wonder'

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1728-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Renae E. Moran ◽  
Lois B. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Rate ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Acidic Nature

Scaevola aemula R.Br. (fanflower), an ornamental plant native to Australia, produces stunted growth when fertilized with high concentrations of P. To determine optimum P concentration, rooted cuttings were transplanted into 15 cm standard pots and grown with a water soluble fertilizer, where P concentrations were 0, 14.5, 29.0, 43.5, 58.0, 72.5, 87.0 mg·L-1 and all plants received 200 mg·L-1 N and 166 mg·L-1 K. Shoot growth and flowering data were taken every 21 days until the experiment was terminated after 84 days. Shoot length, number and dry weight, and leaf size were reduced significantly at P concentrations higher than 14.5 mg·L-1 with severe reduction at P levels higher than 43.5 mg·L-1. Number of flowers per plant was not affected by P concentrations in the range of 0 to 43.5 mg·L-1, but decreased significantly at P levels higher than 43.5 mg·L-1. Medium pH decreased with increase in P rate due to the acidic nature of the P fertilizer. When P was applied in every irrigation, the optimum concentration was 14.5 mg·L-1 or less. P greater than 43.5 mg·L-1 was detrimental to vegetative growth and flowering, possibly due to above optimum P or to medium acidification.

scholarly journals Timing of Macronutrient Supply during Cutting Propagation of Petunia

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Santos ◽  
Paul R. Fisher ◽  
Thomas Yeager ◽  
Eric H. Simonne ◽  
Hannah S. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Micronutrient Fertilizer

The objective was to quantify the effect of the timing of macronutrient applications on nutrient uptake, growth, and development of Petunia ×hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr. ‘Supertunia Royal Velvet’ during vegetative propagation. Starting with unrooted cuttings (Day 0), fertigation was applied continuously at three time intervals (Day 0 to 7, Day 8 to 14, or Day 15 to 21) using either a “complete” (C) water-soluble fertilizer containing (in mg·L−1) 75 NO3-N, 25 NH4-N, 12 phosphorus (P), 83 potassium (K), 20 calcium (Ca), 10 magnesium (Mg), 1.4 sulfur (S), 2 iron (Fe), 1 manganese (Mn), 1 zinc (Zn), 0.5 copper (Cu), 0.5 boron (B), and 0.2 molybdenum (Mo) or a micronutrient fertilizer (M) containing (in mg·L−1) 1.4 S, 2 Fe, 1 Mn, 1 Zn, 0.5 Cu, 0.5 B, and 0.2 Mo in a complete factorial arrangement. With constant fertigation using the C fertilizer, plant dry weight (DW) doubled from Day 0 (sticking of unrooted cuttings) to Day 7 (0.020 g to 0.047 g), root emergence was observed by Day 4, and by Day 7, the average length of primary roots was 2.6 cm. During any week that the M fertilizer was substituted for the C fertilizer, tissue N–P–K concentrations decreased compared with plants receiving the C fertilizer. For example, plants receiving the M fertilizer between Day 0 and 7 had 20% lower tissue-N concentration at Day 7 compared with those receiving the C fertilizer. Although both shoot DW and leaf count increased once macronutrient fertilization was resumed after Day 7, final shoot DW and leaf count were lower than plants receiving C fertilizer from Day 0 to 21. Time to first root emergence was unaffected by fertigation. Constant application of C resulted in a higher shoot-to-root ratio at Day 21 than all other treatments. Results emphasize the importance of early fertigation on petunia, a fast-rooting species, to maintain tissue nutrient levels within recommended ranges.

THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZER PLACEMENT AND RATE OF NITROGEN ON FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION BY OATS AS STUDIED USING A CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Miller ◽  
G. C. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Quadratic Equations ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Central Composite

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the optimum fertilizer phosphorus placement for oats and to determine the influence of nitrogen rate on the absorption of fertilizer phosphorus. A central composite design in three variables was used to permit the development of quadratic equations to express the response criteria as functions of the placement variables — horizontal distance and depth from the seed — and rate of nitrogen.The fertilizer phosphorus absorption was determined at four stages of growth, the last stage being 58 days after planting. The dry weight of tops, total phosphorus content and per cent of the phosphorus derived from the fertilizer were determined at the completion of the experiment 58 days after planting.At the 14-day stage fertilizer phosphorus absorption was greatest from fertilizer placed with the seed but, at the 28- and 42-day stages, was greatest from fertilizer placed 1 inch to the side and 2 or 3 inches below the seed. At the 58-day stage, fertilizer placed with the seed resulted in the greatest absorption of fertilizer phosphorus. The influence of placement on the per cent of the plant phosphorus that was derived from the fertilizer was similar to that on fertilizer phosphorus absorption.Nitrogen increased fertilizer phosphorus absorption at all but the 14-day stage, increased plant weight to a lesser extent and decreased the per cent phosphorus in the tops at the 58-day stage.

scholarly journals CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER REGIMES INFLUENCE PRODUCTION AND POSTPRODUCTION QUALITY OF POTTED CHRYSANTHEMUMS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092d-1092
Author(s):  
T.L. Prince ◽  
H.K. Tayama ◽  
T.A. Prince ◽  
N.R. Bhat ◽  
S.A. Carver
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Floral Longevity ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Senescence ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes

Controlled-release fertilizers (CRF), Nutricote 14N–6.2P-11.6K or Osmocote 14N-6.2P-11.6K, at the recommended rate (1×) and at half that rate (0.5×) plus 200 mg/l N of Peter's 20N-4.4P-16.6K water soluble fertilizer at every irrigation were applied to potted chrysanthemums cv. `Bright Golden Anne' and `Torch'. Production and postproduction quality was evaluated. CRF applications (1×) resulted in reductions of plant height (-10%), plant diameter (-17%), leaf area (-35%), and leaf dry weight (-47%), but did not affect number of flowers compared to plants receiving only water soluble fertilizer. Application of water soluble fertilizer with CRF (0.5×) increased foliar nutrient levels above water soluble fertilizer application alone, or above either CRF (1×). CRF applications (1×) resulted in improved floral longevity (up to +8 days) and flower color rating (up to +54%), and less foliar senescence (up to -45%) than the water soluble fertilizer application alone, or either of the CRFS (0.5×) used with water soluble fertilizer.

scholarly journals 353 Organic Nutrient Management of Greenhouse Production of Edible Flowers in Containers

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 453B-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Kelley ◽  
J.A. Biernbaum
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Media ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Eight species of edible flowers were grown in 12.5-cm (1.5-L) square containers during the months of November through May, in a root medium suitable for organic certification or a standard peat and perlite mixture with preplant fertilizer. Plants were fertilized with 200 mL of either a water-soluble fertilizer (19–1.8–19) at 300 ppm N, fish emulsion (5–0.4–0.8), or a certified organic, commercially available soluble fertilizer (6–2.6–5), each at 300 or 600 ppm N applied every 2 weeks. Shoot fresh and dry weights were measured and percent dry weight was calculated. The fresh weights for all species were highest for plants fertilized with the organic fertilizers. For all but one species the organic fertilizer treatments had the same or higher dry weights than the inorganic control. The percent dry weights for all species were the same or higher for the inorganic control treatment. The effect of the organic fertilizer rate on the dry weight was species-dependent. The highest flower production generally occurred with 300 ppm N. Flower size was measured for Viola tricolor and Viola ×. wittrockiana species. For both species flower size was smallest for plants fertilized with the 600 ppm certified organic fertilizer. Root media pH and EC were tested at 6-week intervals throughout the experiment. In general, the pH increased from the first to the second sampling date, but only increased or decreased slightly for later dates, and there was little effect of fertilizer type. Root media EC decreased initially with minimal change later.

scholarly journals Fertilizer Composition, Concentration, and Irrigation Method Affect Growth and Development of Oxalis regnellii and O. triangularis

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1110-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad T. Miller ◽  
Neil S. Mattson ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Oxalis regnellii, the shamrock plant, and O. triangularis are niche ornamental greenhouse crops produced and marketed primarily for their foliage; thus, it is imperative to produce the fullest, most colorful, and blemish-free plants as possible. An experiment was conducted using O. regnellii, comparing two irrigation methods, overhead (drip) irrigation versus subirrigation, in addition to varying 20N–2.2P–16.6K fertilizer concentrations, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N). Overhead irrigation produced larger plants with increased root mass as compared with subirrigation. Low or high fertilizer concentration (50 mg·L−1 N and 500 mg·L−1 N, respectively) led to reductions in the fresh and dry weight of overhead-irrigated plants compared with intermediate fertilizer rates. At the highest fertilizer treatment, plant height was decreased. Chlorophyll index (based on SPAD readings) increased linearly and quadratically for subirrigated and overhead-irrigated plants, respectively. A second study analyzed the effects of seven different fertilizer formulations on growth of O. regnellii and O. triangularis. The fertilizers used in this study were Jack's LX All Purpose (21N–2.2P–16.6K), Peter's Professional (20N–8.8P–16.6K), Jacks Poinsettia FeED Ca-Mg (15N–1.7P–12.5K), Jack's Petunia FeED Mg (20N–1.3P–15.7K), Peter's Professional Peat-Lite Dark Weather Feed (15N–0P–12.5K), Peter's Excel Cal-Mag (15N–2.2P–12.5K), and the slow-release fertilizer Osmocote® (14N–4.2P–11.6K). Growth of both species was significantly reduced by fertilizers that contained little or no phosphorus (P). Current water-soluble fertilizer recommendations of 21N–2.2P–16.6K or slow-release granule fertilizer of 14N–4.2P–11.6K (Osmocote®) produced acceptable, marketable plants, whereas the best O. regnellii and O. triangularis plants were produced using 15N–2.2P–12.5K and 20N–1.3P–15.7K formulations, likely as a result of the additional calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in the mixtures.

scholarly journals Containerized Jeffrey Pine Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Response to Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Controlled Release Fertilization

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Walker ◽  
L. M. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
System Development ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Jeffrey Pine ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Amendment

Abstract Ectomycorrhizal inoculation with basidiospores of Pisolithus tinctorius and fertilization with two controlled release nutrient formulations, High N 24-4-7 and Sierra 16-6-10 Plus Minors, were evaluated for their effects on containerized Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) seedlings. Noninoculated and nonfertilized seedlings and a water soluble fertilizer treatment using Peters 20-10-20 provided for comparisons of mycorrhizal and nutrient amendment effects on growth and mineral nutrition. At 6 months, inoculated seedlings had greater root dry weight while fertilization increased shoot dimensions and weight, with the response to controlled release nutrients exceeding that to water soluble fertilizer. After 12 months, inoculation increased mycorrhizal formation, and inoculated seedlings had greater shoot volume as well as root volume, dry weight, and total length. Controlled release fertilization also promoted greater shoot growth than water soluble nutrients at the final measurement, while root system development was comparable overall among fertilized seedlings regardless of nutrient formulation. Foliar analysis revealed that concentrations of most macro- and micronutrients were sufficient for adequate seedling nutrition in all treatments. However, inoculated seedlings exhibited greater uptake of P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Fertilization generally increased foliar concentrations of all of the above elements except Mg and Fe, but also increased N uptake. Overall, these results suggest that inoculation with P. tinctorius and controlled release fertilization with High N 24-4-7 and Sierra 16-6-10 facilitate production of Jeffrey pine container stock suitable for outplanting on harsh sites. West. J. Appl. For. 12(2):33-40.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document