THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZER PLACEMENT AND RATE OF NITROGEN ON FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION BY OATS AS STUDIED USING A CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Miller ◽  
G. C. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Quadratic Equations ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Central Composite

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the optimum fertilizer phosphorus placement for oats and to determine the influence of nitrogen rate on the absorption of fertilizer phosphorus. A central composite design in three variables was used to permit the development of quadratic equations to express the response criteria as functions of the placement variables — horizontal distance and depth from the seed — and rate of nitrogen.The fertilizer phosphorus absorption was determined at four stages of growth, the last stage being 58 days after planting. The dry weight of tops, total phosphorus content and per cent of the phosphorus derived from the fertilizer were determined at the completion of the experiment 58 days after planting.At the 14-day stage fertilizer phosphorus absorption was greatest from fertilizer placed with the seed but, at the 28- and 42-day stages, was greatest from fertilizer placed 1 inch to the side and 2 or 3 inches below the seed. At the 58-day stage, fertilizer placed with the seed resulted in the greatest absorption of fertilizer phosphorus. The influence of placement on the per cent of the plant phosphorus that was derived from the fertilizer was similar to that on fertilizer phosphorus absorption.Nitrogen increased fertilizer phosphorus absorption at all but the 14-day stage, increased plant weight to a lesser extent and decreased the per cent phosphorus in the tops at the 58-day stage.

scholarly journals Optimization of Pectin Extraction from Nephrolepis biserrata Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 920-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halifah Pagarra ◽  
Roshanida Abd Rahman ◽  
Rosli Md. Illias ◽  
Nor Azah Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Condition ◽  
Degree Of Esterification ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Central Composite

A central composite design was employed to optimize the extraction of pectin from Nephrolepis biserrata leaves. The independent variables were pH (1.5 to 2.5), extraction time (60 to 120 minutes) and temperature (60oC to 100oC). The combined effect of these variables on yields of pectin was investigated. The results showed that the yield of extracted pectin ranged from 3.76% to 8.50% (w/w, based on dry weight of Nephrolepis biserrata leaves). The optimum condition for the yield of pectin extraction was predicted at pH (1.5), extraction time (76.25 minutes) and temperature (100oC). Under the optimum condition, the actual pectin yield was 8.18%, which was below the predicted extraction condition of 8.316 %. The characteristics were 47.52% galacturonic acid and 83.71% degree of esterification. Keyword: Nephrolepis biserrata leaves, Extraction, Pectin, RSM, Characterization.

scholarly journals Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Light Intensity and Time of Day on Mustard Greens Leaf Ascorbic Acid and Greenness at Harvest

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 771D-771
Author(s):  
Donald J. Makus* ◽  
Gene E. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Cloudy Weather ◽  
Nutrient Changes

Field-grown mustard greens, Brassica juncea, were used to validate several observations of a greenhouse study which reported nutrient changes in mustard greens grown, in part, under ambient and reduced light. The cultivar Florida Broadleaf was transplanted into a Hildago sandy clay soil near Weslaco, Texas (26° 08' Lat.) on 6 Nov 2003. Greens were fertigated with 30 kg·ha-1 of N on 1 Dec. Plants 14 days before harvest were grown under the following four light regimes: (1) continuous ambient light; (2) 7 days of 50% shade then 7 days of ambient light; (3) 7 days of ambient light then 7 days of 50% shade; and (4) 14 days of 50% shade. Cumulative solar light was 28.9 and 19.4 kW/m2 during the first and second 7 days, respectively. Measured cumulative light, as PPFD, for treatments 1-4 were 108, 67, 78, and 44 mm·m-2·s-1, respectively. Plants were harvested at 0800, 1100, and 1400 h on 2 Jan. 2004. Shade during the last 7 days generally evoked the greatest responses. Increased shade duration did not significantly effect the agronomic performance, but did increase leaf total carotenoids, chlorophylls, water content, and reduced total ascorbate levels. As time of daylight progressed, sample plant weight and average leaf weight decreased in shaded plants only. Free ascorbic acid, chlorophyll a:b ratio, and the chlorophyll to carotenoid ratio decreased with time of day. Cumulative sunlight, as PPFD, was significantly correlated with total ascorbate (fresh weight basis), chlorophyll a:b ratio, and plant weight (P < 0.06) and negatively correlated with chlorophylls and total carotenoids (dry weight basis). Thus, cloudy weather prior to harvest can reduce leaf Vitamin C and alter leaf greenness

SOME CHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE IN A FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS BAND FOR SUGAR BEETS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Miller ◽  
V. N. Vij
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

The influence of (NH4)2SO4 on the movement of phosphorus away from a fertilizer pellet and the water solubility of the reaction products was determined at 3-, 6-, 8- and 10-week periods and the total amount of water-soluble fertilizer phosphorus in the volume of soil influenced by the fertilizer was calculated. Simultaneously, the influence of (NH4)2SO4 on growth of sugar beet tops and roots in the band vicinity and on absorption of fertilizer phosphorus was determined. The amount of fertilizer phosphorus in sugar beet tops was expressed as a function of top weight, root weight in the band volume and water-soluble fertilizer phosphorus in the volume of soil influenced by the fertilizer.Ammonium sulphate decreased the water-soluble fertilizer phosphorus remaining at the pellet site, increased the distance of movement of the phosphorus but decreased the total water-soluble fertilizer phosphorus in the band volume. The oven-dry weight of sugar beet tops was not influenced by (NH4)2SO4 but the oven-dry weight of roots in the band volume and the fertilizer phosphorus content of the tops were doubled at the 8- and 10-week periods by the addition of (NH4)2SO4. The multiple regression analysis showed that the increased root weight accounted for 71 and 87 per cent of the variability in the fertilizer phosphorus absorption at the 6- and 8-week periods respectively.

Development and optimization of solid lipid nanoparticles of amikacin by central composite design

2009 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 090721051030036-8
Author(s):  
Jaleh Varshosaz ◽  
Solmaz Ghaffari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khoshayand ◽  
Fatemeh Atyabi ◽  
Shirzad Azarmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Central Composite

Formulation Design and Optimization of Repaglinide Solid Dispersions by Central Composite Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 4337-4348
Author(s):  
Bhikshapathi D. V. R. N. ◽  
Srinivas I
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Solvent Evaporation Method ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Evaporation Method ◽  
Central Composite

Repaglinide is a pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, it is characterized with poor solubility which limits its absorption and dissolution rate and delays onset of action. In the present study, immediate release solid dispersion of repaglinide was formulated by solvent evaporation technique. Repaglinide solid dispersions were prepared using PEG 8000, Pluronic F 127 and Gelucire 44/14 by solvent evaporation method. A 3-factor, 3-level central composite design employed to study the effect of each independent variable on dependent variables. FTIR studies revealed that no drug excipient interaction takes place. From powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies it was evident that polymorphic form of repaglinide has been converted into an amorphous form from crystalline within the solid dispersion formulation. The correlation coefficient showed that the release profile followed Higuchi model anomalous behavior and hence release mechanism was indicative of diffusion. The obtained results suggested that developed solid dispersion by solvent evaporation method might be an efficacious approach for enhancing the solubility and dissolution rate of repaglinide.

Formulation and Optimization of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Employing Central Composite Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Rattan Lal ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Marwaha ◽  
Deepti Pandita ◽  
Harish Dureja
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Central Composite
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