scholarly journals THE AVAILABILITY TO ALFALFA OF PHOSPHORUS FROM TWELVE DIFFERENT CARRIERS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Beaton ◽  
K. F. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
High Base ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Extractable Soil ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Availabilities of the phosphorus in twelve different phosphate sources to alfalfa were determined in a growth chamber. Two crops of alfalfa were grown on two soils of high base status, Machete stony sandy loam and Westwold loam. Fertilizer materials containing monocalcium phosphate or materials such as calcium metaphosphate which are converted to monocalcium phosphate brought about the greatest increases in yield. However, yield increases also resulted from treatments with the ammonium phosphates and orthophosphoric acid. Ammonium phosphate fertilizers were the most effective in increasing the percentage of phosphorus present in the alfalfa tissue. Ammonium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate materials were equally effective in increasing total phosphorus uptake by alfalfa. The amount of CO2 soluble phosphorus extracted from the Westwold loam, following treatment with the various phosphate sources, was correlated with the yield of the first crop of alfalfa. The average per cent P in the alfalfa tissue was found to be correlated with the CO2 soluble P. Both the NaHCO3 and CO2 extractable soil phosphorus levels of the Westwold loam, after it had been treated with the different phosphate materials, were found to be highly correlated with the phosphorus uptake by the second crop of alfalfa and with the total phosphorus uptake.

Effects of radioactive phosphate fertilizers on yield and phosphorus uptake by ryegrass in pot experiments on calcareous soils from Rothamsted

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. G. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

1. Two factorial pot experiments with ryegrass grown on calcareous soils from adjacent long-term experiments on Hoosfield, Rothamsted, are described. The effects of the method of application of phosphate, of the amounts of saP tested and of the level of phosphate applied are discussed with special reference to the manurial history of the soils.2. Yield and total phosphorus uptake by ryegrass were slightly greater in the early stages of growth when superphosphate was applied as a powder than when an equal amount of phosphate was applied in solution, but this effect disappeared in later cuts of grass. Total phosphorus uptake was not significantly altered by the levels of 32P tested, and yields were only significantly decreased at one sampling date in one experiment. Uptake of fertilizer phosphorus decreased and ‘A’ values increased, however, in both experiments at the higher rates of application of 32P.3. The addition of fertilizer phosphorus, as superphosphate or monocalcium phosphate, increased the uptake of soil phosphorus by ryegrass on all soils on which there was a yield response to phosphate. The recovery of fertilizer phosphorus, estimated radiochemically, was less, therefore, than the increase in phosphorus uptake by the crop on the soils on which there was a yield response to phosphate fertilizers.4. ‘A’ values were determined on all soils and were shown to be almost independent of two- and five-fold increases in the amount of labelled phosphate tested. ‘A’ values were related to the previous phosphate manuring of the soils and increased by about one-third of the difference in phosphate content on soils that had received heavy applications of superphosphate or farmyard manure over 50 years ago. The ‘A’ values of soils that had recently received superphosphate in the field decreased in 3 years by more than the amount of phosphate taken up by the crops. ‘A’ values of soils that received rock phosphate in the field were lower and did not decrease with time.

PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY AS AFFECTED BY THE APPLICATION OF PHOSPHATE ROCK COMBINED WITH ORGANIC MATERIALS TO ACID SOILS IN WESTERN KENYA

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. WAIGWA ◽  
C. O. OTHIENO ◽  
J. R. OKALEBO
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphate Rocks ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
Extractable Soil

Most of the agricultural lands in the highlands of western Kenya are depleted of plant nutrients, particularly phosphorus. This depletion has resulted in a continued decline in crop production in the area. Recent experiments, in which direct application of indigenous phosphate rocks were evaluated, have yielded variable results, depending on the relative reactivity of the rock phosphate tested. The effectiveness of rock phosphate was generally low compared with fertilizers such as triple super phosphate. This is attributed to the relatively low solubility of the rocks as opposed to the readily water soluble phosphorus fertilizers. Phosphate rocks are available locally and are cheaper than triple super phosphate. If the solubility of these phosphate rocks could be improved, the resource-poor smallholder farmers in western Kenya would have an affordable source of phosphorus for their crops. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of combining different on-farm organic materials with the Minjingu rock phosphate (from Tanzania) on the availability of phosphorus to maize (Zea mays) in western Kenya. The greenhouse results indicated that there were significant positive linear relationships between rock phosphate application rates and (i) the Olsen-extractable soil phosphorus in the soil samples taken four weeks and nine weeks respectively after the application of the treatments; (ii) the dry matter yield, and (iii) phosphorus uptake. Results of the field experiments showed that rock phosphate combined with farmyard manure or crop residues (maize stover) generally increased the Olsen-extractable soil phosphorus, maize yields and phosphorus uptake, particularly in the first season when both the Minjingu rock phosphate and organic materials were applied, but the effectiveness of the materials and their combinations varied between the two sites. Combining Minjingu rock phosphate with the organic materials improved its relative agronomic effectiveness for maize.

Observations on the residual value of accumulated phosphorus in a red loam

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Hughes ◽  
PGE Searle
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Pot Trial ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

A pot trial was conducted in which tomatoes were grown in soils containing a range of total phosphorus depending on the amount of superphosphate which had been applied during the previous 9 years. Monocalcium phosphate was mixed with all soils to give 25, 75, or 150 p.p.m. added phosphorus. The above-ground portions of the plants were harvested after 47 days, and the pots seeded again without further additions of fertilizer. This crop was harvested 59 days later. It was shown that the response to current applications of phosphorus was dependent on the total phosphorus level. The addition of a given amount of phosphorus produced bigger yields on the high phosphorus soils. Moreover, the higher the level of applied phosphorus, the greater the difference in yield between soils of different total phosphorus levels. Yields were considerably lower in the second crop, but the interaction between total and applied phosphorus was still evident.It was concluded that the availability of the accumulated phosphorus was extremely low, and that the increased yields on the high phosphorus soils were due to a better utilization of applied phosphorus as a result of reduced fixation in these soils. The decrease in the rate of fixation was explained by blocking of fixation sites by the previously fixed phosphorus.

An examination of a forest site which has exhibited the ash-bed effect

Soil Research ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Humphreys ◽  
MJ Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
A Site ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

A site which has shown the 'ash-bed effect' to a marked degree was examined 9 years after planting with Pinus radiata. Trees grown in the ash-beds were found to be 1.2 to 1.4 times the height and more than twice the volume of trees grown next to the ashbeds. Chemical analysis of their foliage revealed that phosphorus levels were significantly higher in the ash-bed trees than in the normal trees, while the calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, aluminium, nitrogen, and manganese were the same. Soil analyses showed that the ash-bed soils had higher pH and exchangeable calcium contents and lower 'phosphorus adsorption capacity', exchangeable aluminium, and Tamm's oxalate-soluble aluminium than the normal soils, while no difference could be found in the loss on ignition, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, 'total' phosphorus, Tamm's oxalate-soluble iron, exchangeable potassium, sodium, or magnesium. The soil phosphorus was fractionated and it was found that the ratio of the phosphorus associated with aluminium to the 'total' phosphorus was significantly greater in the ash-bed soils than the other soils. In the material examined the 'ash-bed effect' is associated with increased phosphorus availability. This could arise from a change in the composition of the soil phosphorus, a reduction in phosphorus adsorptivity, a reduction in aluminium ion concentration, an increase in phosphorus solubility because of more favourable pH conditions, and increased calcium levels. The possibility of a nitrogen x phosphorus interaction in earlier years is discussed.

Studies on soil phosphorus III. Phosphorus fractionation as a fertility index in South Australian soils

1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Fractionation ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Pot Culture ◽  
Extractable Soil

A simplification of Ghani's method for the fractionation of soil phosphorus has been used to study relationships between soil and plant phosphorus in field and pot-culture experiments.In pot-culture experiments with red-brown earth soils (pH 5·6–6·1) wheat derived approximately 60% of its phosphorus from the fraction of soil phosphorus soluble in 2·5% acetic acid-1% 8-hydroxyquinoline and 30% from the inorganic fraction soluble in 0·1 n-sodium hydroxide, even although the amount of acetic acid soluble phosphorus present in these soils was only about half that present as inorganic alkali soluble. Very little use was made of organic phosphorus.In field experiments with similar soils there was a correlation between the percentage phosphorus in the plant material and the acetic acid soluble, the inorganic alkali soluble, and the sura of these two fractions of soil phosphorus. The sum of these two fractions was also correlated with the amount of phosphorus taken up by the crop.In pot-culture experiments with a wider range of soil types there was good correlation between the total extractable inorganic soil phosphorus and both the phosphorus content of the plant and the phosphorus uptake. Correlations between individual inorganic extractable soil phosphorus fractions and plant phosphorus were influenced by the pH of the two groups of soils examined.

UPTAKE OF NITROGEN BY WHEAT, AND PHOSPHORUS BY ALFALFA, FROM SOME GRASSLAND SOILS OF SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Krogman ◽  
L. E. Lutwick
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Extractable Soil

The uptake of nitrogen by wheat and of phosphorus by alfalfa grown in the greenhouse on 16 A-horizon soils was correlated with the soils separated according to the Canadian soil classification system. Uptakes of both elements were greater from the Chernozemic than from the Solonetzic soils. Within the Solonetzic Order, uptakes were greater from the Solodized-Solonetz than from the Solod soils. Within the Chernozemic Order, nitrogen uptake was greater from the Black soils than from the Brown or Dark Brown soils, whereas phosphorus uptake was greater from the Dark Brown soils than from the Black or Brown soils. Phosphorus uptake and response to phosphorus fertilizer were closely correlated with NaHCO3-extractable soil phosphorus.

Spatial and Temporal Water Quality Trends in Severn Sound, Georgian Bay, since the Introduction of Phosphorus Control Guidelines: Nutrients and Phytoplankton, 1973 to 1991

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Gemza
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Abstract Severn Sound continues to exhibit signs of eutrophication despite initial identification of the problem in 1969 and the construction of several sewage treatment plants since then. In general, improvements in trophic state indicators have been marginal, suggesting that the sewage treatment plants have had limited success in controlling phosphorus concentrations. These discharges likely contributed to the increased total phosphorus levels and consequently the higher phytoplankton densities of the nearshore waters. Phytoplankton biovolumes were on average one order of magnitude higher than in the open waters of Lake Huron with mean summer biovolumes as high as 8.0 mm/L. Algal biovolumes were most dense in Penetang Bay, which experienced limited exchange with the main waters of the sound. No significant long-term trends were observed. Water clarity was declining significantly, however, at a rate of -0.60 to -0.78 m/year throughout the sound except in Sturgeon Bay. Total phosphorus levels were highly variable from year to year; however, concentrations from a 20-year perspective were declining in the open waters at a rate of 0.70 µg/L/year, but response was limited in nearshore areas. In Sturgeon Bay, mean annual euphotic zone total phosphorus as well as soluble reactive phosphorus levels declined by as much as 50% following the construction of a sewage treatment plant with tertiary treatment. Phytoplankton genera typical of eutrophic waters continued to dominate the algal assemblage but members indicative of mesotrophic conditions have become apparent in some areas of the sound.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY PLACEMENT OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. BULLEN ◽  
R. J. SOPER ◽  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Glycine Max L

Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted on Southern Manitoba soils, low in available soil phosphorus, to investigate the effects of various placement methods and levels of phosphorus fertilizer on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill ’Maple Presto’). It was found that soybean responded well to applied phosphorus on low-P soil in growth chamber studies. In the first growth chamber experiment, P was applied in solution to 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 1% of the total soil volume. Dry matter yields, total phosphorus uptake and utilization of fertilizer P increased at each level of applied P as the size of the phosphated band was decreased. The results were partly attributed to greater chemical availability of P in the smaller zones of P fertilizer reaction. In a second growth chamber experiment, soybeans responded differently to phosphorus banded in six different locations. Placement of the fertilizer 2.5 cm directly below the seed was more effective in increasing dry matter yield, total phosphorus uptake and fertilizer P utilization than placement 2.5 cm and 5 cm away at the same depth or placement 5 cm below the seed, whether the band was directly below, 2.5 cm away or 5 cm away. Soybean yield responses in the field were greatest with P banded 2.5 cm directly below the seed on low-P soils. Placement of P 2.5 cm below the seed resulted in grain yields that were 64% and 50% higher (at the two sites) than those obtained in control plots. Sidebanding P, 2.5 cm below and 2.5 cm away from the seed at the same level of application, improved grain yields of control plots by 40% and 39%. Seed placement and broadcast applications of P were not as effective in increasing grain yields. Broadcasting P in fall or in spring at rates of up to 52.38 kg P/ha did not result in significantly higher grain yields than those obtained in control plots. Placement of P in contact with the seed appeared to reduce seedling emergence, resulting in depressed yields when 52.38 kg P/ha were applied. Key words: Glycine max L. Merrill, ’Maple Presto’

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